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Introduction to Physicaland Chemical Hydrogeology (GEO 346C)
Instructor: Bayani CardenasTAs: Travis Swanson and John Nowinski
www.geo.utexas.edu/course/geo346c/
Hydrology and Hydrogeology
Hydrology is the study of the occurrence, distribution, movement, and chemistry of all waters of the earth.Hydrogeology is a subdiscipline of hydrology that focuses on the interrelationships of geologic materials and processes with water.
Hydrogeology typically emphasizes subsurface environments and is similar to groundwater hydrology.
Why study water?
The rise and fall of civilizations are almost always centered around water.
Life, as we know it, would not exist without water.
The geologic cycle is intimately tied to the hydrologic cycle.
Water resources can only be understood within the context of the dynamics of the water cycle.
-United Nations World Water Assessment Programme
The world water cycle seems unlikely to be able to adapt to the demands that will be made of it in the coming decades.
-United Nations Environment ProgrammeGlobal Environmental Outlook 2000
Basic terms: zones
Vadose zone, zone of aeration or unsaturated zone- portion of the subsurface where pores are filled with air and water. –soil moisture or vadose water
Capillary zone or fringe- transition zone
Zone of saturation, saturated zone- pores are completely filled with water.- ground-water
Water table-top of the saturated zone
Surface water- ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, wetlands
Magmatic water- contained within magmas in the deep crust
Connate water- water trapped in minerals/ rocks during deposition, separate from water cycle for some time
Meteoric water- water on the land surface or subsurface that comes from the atmosphere
Basic terms: pathways
Depression storage- ice, snow and water (puddles) that is locally stored on the surface.
Overland flow- water drainage across the land but not in channels
Infiltration- seepage of water into the ground
Gravity drainage- downward movement of water in the vadose zone due to gravity.
Interflow-lateral movement of water in the vadose zone
Basic terms: pathways
Evaporation/ precipitation
Ground-water flow- any movement of water in the saturated zone
Baseflow- groundwater flow to stream
Submarine groundwater discharge- outflow of groundwater to the sea
Gravity drainage- downward movement of water in the vadose zone due to gravity.
Streamflow=runoff
Transpiration- moisture release by plants to the atmosphere
Evapotranspiration- evaporation + transpiration
Overland flow- water drainage across the land but not in channels
Interflow-lateral movement of water in the vadose zone
Baseflow- groundwater flow to stream
Streamflow