Introduction to PowerShell

Learn it before it become URGENT

Salaudeen.Rajack@Gmail.com

Blog: http://www.Salaudeen.Blogspot.com

Agenda

What is PowerShell ? Problems with existing scripting language (VB script) How PowerShell solves the security issues Basic commands in Powershell GUI (IDE) for Powershell How to get help in PowerShell Alias Snap-ins Cmd-lets in PowerShell Variables Understanding the pipe line Operators in PowerShell

◦ Logical Operators

Sorting, Measuring, Select, Filter and compare Export, Import, Convert Functions Regular expressions Arrays and Hash Table XML handling

What is PowerShell?

NEW scripting platform for Microsoft products One scripting language – Multiple products

◦ Windows Desktop OS, Server OS◦ SharePoint◦ SQL Server◦ SCOM/SCDPM/SVCMM◦ Exchange Server◦ VMWARE/Citrix

Runs on top of .net framework, 2.0+ Automate almost every thing you can do with GUI (some

times, things which are not possible with GUI) Not just command prompt or Script language, But

Command-Shell. It’s the Microsoft Way… Shell prompt, just like DOS shell, But more powerful

Restricted - No scripting allowed unrestricted - You can any scripting

• no signing required Remote signed – good for test, dev environments

◦ only files from internet need to be signed◦ default setting

All signed - local, remote script, it should be signed.◦ user must agree to run script

PowerShell’s Execution Policy

No common scripting for all the products◦ .Net code◦ COM Model◦ Exe◦ VBScript

Scripts are really security concern, because they do have lot of power◦ Echo “Welcome”◦ Del *.* ???

Top Concerns:◦ Integrity◦ Identity◦ Double click Run◦ Command Hijacking

PowerShell addresses this issue by introducing Executing Policy

Problems with Existing scripting languages

“built-in” commands for PowerShell◦ “verb-noun” names

eg. get-childitem (= ls) but: new-alias, new-object

◦ extensible set: can write own cmdlets Heart and Soul of PowerShell Engine that make powershell work. They are

the small units of functionality that perform the operations.

Cmdlets

Basic Tour

Shell prompt Help system

◦ Getting help:

Get-help Get-help –verb get Get-help –noun file

Get-help stop-process –examples Get-help stop-process –full

Get-help “sp*

◦ Out-file Ps>file1.txt ps>>file2.txt Ps |out-file process.txt

◦ Get-content

Snap-In

Powershell snap-in provides a mechanism for registering sets of cmdlets◦ Example: similar to MMC

Set of cmd-lets for a specific product◦ Eg. SharePoint

Get-pssnapin ◦ Lists the core functionality

Get-Pssnapin – registered◦ Shows the installed cmd-Lets

To Add a new PS Snapin:◦ Add-Snapin <snap-in-Name>

Basic cmd-lets for process, services

Ask Help: help *process* Get-process > Alias ps

◦ Eg. Get-process –name calc How to get the –name parameter?

◦ Get-process | get-member◦ Stop-process -> Alias Kill◦ Stop-process –name calc ◦ Stop-process –name calc –whatif

Services◦ Get-service <service name>◦ Restart-service <service name>◦ Stop-service <service name>

Basic cmd-lets for process, services (Cont.)

Get-service –include “Sharepoint*” Get-service –exclude “Sharepoint*”

Event log:◦ Get-eventlog

Eg. get-eventlog system –newest 10 Get-eventlog | -newest 10 format-list

IDE PowerGUI - Open source yet powerfull, FREE Powershell + Primal script ISE – PowerShell 2.0

Variables

Powershell assigns best suited data type for variables when assigned◦ New-variable -name var –value 10

Or

◦ $var=10◦ Remove-variable –name varIt supports Int, Datetime, Bool, string, Char, byte, decimal, array,

xml Variables are actually .net objects

◦ $test=“honeywell”◦ Can say $test.toUpper()◦ User get-member to retrieve all the member of the object

Can force the data type by ◦ [string]$var=5

$var.gettype().fullname

Pipelines

Commands manipulates and passes objects from One to another

Eg: Get the list of process -> filter > stop ->format Get-process | where-object {$_.status –eq

“Stopped”} |format-list Get-process | out-file C:\process.txt Get-process | out-Printer <Name of the printer> Write-output vs write-host

◦ First one sends output to the pipeline, Second doesn’t Write-output “Hello” |where-object {$_.length – gt 2}

◦ We have some additional options like –foregroundcolor

A D C D

Operators

All Basic math operations: +, -, *, /, %◦ 5+5; 10-1; 8*2; 10%3; 5+(5*5)

Comparison◦ EQ

10 –eq 5◦ LT, -GT, -GE, -LE◦ String comparison: not case sensitive

“Hello” – eq “HELLO” > true Forcing case sensitive:

“Hello” – ceq “HELLO” > true

Logical operators AND OR NOT

Sort – Measure –Select - filter

Sort◦ Get-process | sort-object VM –desc◦ Get-service |sort status

Measure◦ Get-service |measure-object◦ Get-service |measure-object –property VM –sum –

min-max –average Select

◦ Get-service | select-object displayname,status◦ Get-process | select-object –first 10

Export-Import and compare

Export-CSV◦ Get-process |export-csv

Export-CSV◦ $process=import-csv c:\sa.csv

Compare:◦ $p1=get-process

Now open a new process, say calc◦ $p2=get-process◦ Compare-object $p1, $p2 –property name

Logical constructs

IF, Switch, For, While◦ IF, Switch – Decision◦ For, while – looping◦ Eg IF($var –gt 100) { write-host “yes”}◦ Elseif()◦ {◦ }◦ Else◦ {◦ }

Logical constructs

Switch◦ eg$company =“Honeywell”Switch($var){“Wipro” {write-host “wipro”}“Honeywell” {write-host “wipro”}Default {write-host “Not in list”}}

While

While, Do…Until, Do..while

$var=1 While($var – lt 10)

{write-host $var

$var++} For-each

◦ Eg. $services=get-service Foreach($x in $services) { write-host $x.name.toupper() }

Script Block

Executes the block of code from file, variable $b={write-host “Hello”} $b >>write-host “hello” To Execute : &$b

Functions:◦ Function sayHello()

{ write-host “Hello”}sayHello

Functions Cont.

◦ Function sayHello($SenderName){ write-host “Hello” + $senderName}sayHello “Honeywell”

• SayHello “honeywell” -> write-host “Hello” $args[0]

Return statement:function determine

{ if($var – gt 10){return $true}Else{return $false}}

Regular expression

Standard for Pattern matching◦ Use –Match◦ Eg. “Honeywell” –match “Honey”◦ . (dot) – one char◦ * - Zero or more match “A” match “t*”◦ + - one or more match “TTT” match “^T+”◦ ? – Zero or one match◦ [AB] – either A or B◦ ^ - start ◦ $ - end eg. “Sala” –match “^s..A$”◦ \w – any word character -W –Non word◦ \s – space -S◦ \d -D◦ (n,m) eg. “TTTT” –match “^T{4, 6}”

Strings, Arrays, Hash tables

◦ $H=“Honeywell”◦ $h.length◦ Say “hello” >> “Say “”hello”””

Array: ◦ $arr=1,2,3 or $arr=@(1,2,3)◦ $arr2=@((1,1),(2,2),(3,3))

Get : $arr2[1][1]

◦ Hash table: $Hash=@{No=1;”CName“=“Honeywell”} $hash.no $hash[“Cname”]

XML

◦ $MyXML=[XML] @”◦ <addressBook>

<Person type=“personal”> <name>ABC</name> <Phone>123</phone>

</person> </addressbook> “@

$myXML.AddressBook $myXML.Person $myXML.Person[0]

Resources Download powershell through Microsoft.com Videos

◦ http://channel9.msdn.com/Media/?TagID=163 Blogs

◦ http://blogs.msdn.com/powershell◦ http://thepowershellguy.com◦ http://keithhill.spaces.live.com◦ http://www.leeholmes.com/blog

PowerShell Installation Instructions: http://shrinkster.com/rpy PowerTab by MoW - http://shrinkster.com/rpx “MSH Logo” by Lee Holmes - http://shrinkster.com/rpw PowerShell Community Extensions

◦ http://www.codeplex.com/PowerShellCX MSDN - http://shrinkster.com/rpu

◦ How to create a cmdlet: http://shrinkster.com/rpv Blogs

◦ PowerShell Team Blog - http://blogs.msdn.com/powershell/◦ Lee Holmes - http://www.leeholmes.com/blog/◦ David Aiken - http://blogs.msdn.com/daiken/◦ The PowerShell Guy (MoW) - http://thepowershellguy.com/

Popular Newsgroup◦ microsoft.public.windows.powershell

Thank you

Salaudeen.Rajack@Gmail.com

Blog: http://www.Salaudeen.Blogspot.com