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8/12/2019 Introduction to Project Citizen
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Understand the Philippine politicalsystem
Know the goals of the Project Citizenprogram
Explain the concepts of the Philippine
political system and its implications Explain and evaluate the goals of Project
Citizen
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As citizens in a representativedemocracy, we not only have the right
but also the responsibility to participatein our own governance at every level -from barangay to the nation
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Democracyis not a
machine
that would
go of itself
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Old_Regime_and_the_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_in_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_people8/12/2019 Introduction to Project Citizen
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"The Philippines is a democratic,republican state.
Sovereignty resides in the peopleand all government authority
emanates from them. "
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is a complex system of government. Theword democracy comes from the Greek
words "Demos" (people) and "Kratein"(power) ...
"a government of, for and by thepeople".
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Process of choosing other citizens
to serve in government
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comes from the same root as "liberty".
Liberalism believes in securing the
freedom of individuals from any forcethat seeks to limit it this includesgovernment
Liberalism also is a firm belief in the
individual capacity to develop. The Bill of Rights (Article III in the
Constitution) is a manifestation of ourliberal orientation.
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The central feature of a presidentialsystem is the separation of powers
among three co-equal branches ofgovernment
Principle of Check and Balance
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Legislative Department Executive Department Jucidial Department
Congress
-Senate of thePhilippines (23 members)
-House ofRepresentatives(287 member)
President andthe Vice-President
(Departments, RegionalOfficers, Bureaus and
other agencies)
Review CourtsSupreme CourtCourt of Appeals
Trial Courts Regional Trial Court
Provincial Regional Trial CourtMetro Manila Regional Trial CourtMetropolitan Trial CourtMunicipal Trial CourtMunicipal Circuit Trial Court
Special CourtsCourt of Tax AppealsSandiganbayan
In charge of making laws
(Article VI)
In charge in implementing
the laws
In charge of interpreting thelaws
Supreme Court (Chief Justice
and 14 Associate Justices)
http://www.lawphil.net/courts/supreme/supreme.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/courts/appeals/appeals.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/courts/prtc/prtc.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/courts/mrtc/mrtc.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/courts/metropoltc/metropoltc.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/courts/muntc/muntc.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/courts/mctc/mctc.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/courts/taxappls/taxappls.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/courts/sandigan/sandigan.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/courts/sandigan/sandigan.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/courts/taxappls/taxappls.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/courts/mctc/mctc.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/courts/muntc/muntc.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/courts/metropoltc/metropoltc.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/courts/mrtc/mrtc.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/courts/prtc/prtc.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/courts/appeals/appeals.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/courts/supreme/supreme.html8/12/2019 Introduction to Project Citizen
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refers to the way our democracy ismanaged. The word republic comes
from Latin phrase "res publica" or "publicthings" and ii refers to indirect rulethrough representatives.
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refers to the adherence to a systembased on an impartial and objective rule
of law. It refers to our belief in theConstitution as the highest law of theland, and that this law reigns supreme.
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1987 Preamble Article 1 Territory
Article II Declaration of Principles and State Principles
Article III Bill of Rights
Article IV Citizenship
Article V Suffrage
Article VI Legislative Department
Article VII Executive Department
Article VIII Judicial Department
Article IX Constitutional Commissions
Article X Local Government
Article XI Accountability of Public Officers Article XII National Economy and Patrimony
Article XIII Social Justice and Human Rights
Article XIV Education, Science &Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports
Article XV The Family
Article XVI General
Article XVII Amendments or RevisionsTransitory Provisions
http://www.chanrobles.com/preamble.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article1.htm/http://www.chanrobles.com/article2.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article3.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article4.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article5suffrage.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article6.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article7.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article8.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article9.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article10.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article11.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article12.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article13.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article14.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article15family.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article16.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article17.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article18.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article18.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article18.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article18.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article17.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article17.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article16.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article15family.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article14.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article13.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article12.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article11.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article10.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article9.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article8.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article7.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article6.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article5suffrage.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article4.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article3.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article2.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/article1.htm/http://www.chanrobles.com/preamble.htm8/12/2019 Introduction to Project Citizen
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is the system of government that has onenational government. We only have one
central government, with most of thedecision-making and policyimplementation powers.
The Philippine unitary system however isa DECENTRALIZED one.
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This means that the national governmenthas given some of its powers to the
different local government units wehave. However. our local governmentshave only limited powers, whencompared to the state governments in
countries such as the United States orIndia, which are federal governments.
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Section 1. The territorial and politicalsubdivisions of the Republic of the
Philippines are the provinces, cities,municipalities, and barangays. Thereshall be autonomous regions in MuslimMindanao and the Cordilleras as
hereinafter provided.
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Regions17
Provinces80Cities148
Municipalities1,491
Barangays42, 028
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Thus, we can say that the Philippinesgovernment is a constitutional, liberal,
democratic and republican systemwith a presidential and unitary butdecentralized structure.
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states that those things which can bedone at the lower levels must be allowed
to take place there. The higher levelsshould focus on broader issues.
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Deconcentration
Devolution
Debureacratization or Privatization
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refers to the decentralization ofadministrative functions of national
government, down to the local levels.This refers to the establishment ofdifferent offices closer to the people torun the affairs of government.
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the transfer of political powers to the localgovernments.
Some of these powers include the power to imposetaxes, as well as regulatory powers such as:
a. Inspection of food products for public consumptionb. Enforcement of the National Building Codec. Regulation of the operation of tricycles
d. Regulation of real estate and other businessese. The establishment of cockpits and the regulation ofcockfights
f. Reclassification of agricultural lands
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refers to the transfer of powers andfunctions from the government to non-governmental bodies. These include thebusiness sector, civil society, and evenindividual citizens.
When government hires the business
sector to implement its programs, orwhen it sells certain governmentproperty, this is what is calledprivatization
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The Local Government Code establishes localspecial bodies to help advise the locallegislators in the councils (sanggunian) to spurlocal development.
These are:
a. The Local Council Development
b. The Local School Board
c. The Local Health Board
d. The Local Peace and Order Council
e. The Local Pre-Qualification, Bids and Awards
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The private or business sector is c partnerin local development. They can help in
service delivery when government hiresthem (to collect garbage for example),as well as the development of localbusinesses.
CIVIL SOCIETY is that part of societywhere people of the same interestsband together to pursue common goals.
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is an approach for education indemocracy.
It trains high school students in seekingpublic policy interventions to solvecommunity problems
It is an international program for
increasing the democratic participation,political efficacy, and civic engagementlevels of students at the middle and highschool levels
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It is an approach that systematically trains theteacher-moderators in embedding education fordemocracy in the classroom, while simultaneouslyproviding a venue for students to participate in
community problem solving and applying theirlessons in citizenship in real life.
It is education for democratic citizenship by teachingstudents to monitor and influence public policy. It is
an interdisciplinary instructional program foradolescents that focuses on local government,applies learning to real world issues and usescooperative Learning.
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The primary goal of the program is todevelop in students a commitment toactive citizenship and governance by
providing the knowledge and skillsrequired for effective citizenship,providing practical experience designedto foster a sense of competence andefficacy and developing anunderstanding of the importance ofcitizen participation .
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hopes that the experiences and learningit fosters will encourage students to take
an active role In the political life of theircommunity (i.e. the barangay), city, andthe country.
to help students improve their capacities
' to participate competently andresponsibly in the Philippine politicalsystem.
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conduct research on the problem
identify alternative solutions to the problemand weigh their advantages and
disadvantages propose a solution to the problem that
requires governmental action and does notviolate provisions of the constitution
propose an action plan to influence theappropriate governmental agencies toconsider or adopt you r solution to theproblem
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Once these tasks are completed, they willrecord the results of their work on a portfolioand in a documentation binder. Then they
will take part in a simulated public hearingin which they win present the results of theirwork to a panel of public and/or privatesphere representatives of their community.
Students may also actively try to getgovernment officials to consider or adoptthe solutions to problems that they haveproposed .
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Have the students work with one or twoother students to develop answers to the
following questions. They must beprepared to present and discuss theiranswers with the entire group.
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Give examples from the Philippine political system of each ofthe concepts that you have studied. What other terms orconcepts might you use to describe the Philippine politicalsystem?
What might be the advantages or disadvantages of each ofthe five concepts in protecting the rights of individuals?
In our republican system, the citizens have assigned theirrepresentatives to make most of the decisions in order to run
government. Why, then, should ordinary people stillparticipate in their government? Should they have the rightnot to participate? Explain.
If individuals wish to participate, what tools do they need to
participate competently and responsibly?
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1. To what extent, if any, do citizens havea responsibility to take part in the civic
life of their community? Explain youranswers.
a. no responsibility
b. some responsibility
c. a large responsibility
d. a very large responsibility
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2. To what extent, if any, do citizens havea responsibility participate in the public
policy-making processes at the localand national levels? Explain youranswer.
a. no responsibility
b. some responsibility
c. a large responsibility
d. a very large responsibility
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3. What can citizens do to monitor andinfluence the development and
implementation of public policy in theircommunity?
4. How can citizens gain access togovernmental agencies in thebarangay, city, and the national level?
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5. In what ways can the voluntary
organizations of civil society participate in
the formulation and, in some instances, in
the implementation of public policy?
6. What might be some consequences of an
individual deciding not to participate incivic life? What might be the
consequences if large numbers of
individuals do not participate in civic life?
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Understand the term public policy and
the role of public policy in the
government Evaluate, make a stand and defend
positions on which part of society maybe best suited to deal with problems
Explain the role of public policy indealing with common problems ofsociety
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This is the part of society in which familyand friends associate to pursue their
private interests within the law, free ofunreasonable and unfair intrusion bygovarnment
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This is the part of society where peopieassociate or interact voluntarily to pursueinterests they share, They may do so as
individuals or as members of social,economiC, or political associations ororganizations, Although theseassociations and organizations operatewithin legal iimits, participation in them isnot required by law and they are notpart of government
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This part of society includes formalgovernmental institutions at local, state,
and national levels, These includelegisiative, executive, and judicialbranches of government at ali threelevels,
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A Policy is rule made up and enforced tocontrol the behaviors of people in their;
Family (Family policy) Work places (hospital policy)
City, State, Country (Public Policy)
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as a concept of set of ideas that guidesa course of action or a procedure used
in dealing with public issues or problems. take the form of laws, rules or regulations,
or agreed upon procedures used bygovernment to fulfill its responsibilities to
protect the rights of the people and topromote the common good.
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agreed upon ways that governmentfulfills its responsibilities to protect therights of individuals and to promote the
general welfare by solving problems. is a purposive and consistent course of
action produced as '" response to aperceived problem of a constituency.Formulated by a specific politicalprocess, and adopted, implemented,and enforced by a public agency
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Purpose: resolve or prevent a "public"problem
Target: control behavior Source; public authorities
Manifestation: laws, rules,
regulations, ordinances, memoranda
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is the PROCESS people use to makepolicy and decides who gets what,where and when without resorting tophysical violence. In fact politics havebeen referred to as the specificalternative to war.
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INPUTLegislative Process(Political Parties)Citizens (Individuals,
Interest Groups)Media
OUTCOMELaws
RulesRegulations
DECISIONMAKING
Executive
Legislative JudicialGovernmentAgencies
EVALUATION IMPLEMENTATION
FEEDBACK
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1. A local public school charges extra feesfor enrollment
1private sphere
2civil society
3government4a combination of any of these
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2. Monica becomes a member of the GirlScouts
1private sphere
2civil society
3government4a combination of any of these
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3. Paul and his friend go out to dinner anda movie
1private sphere
2civil society
3government4a combination of any of these
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4. Ferdies family and friends attend a
party
1private sphere
2civil society
3government4a combination of any of these
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5. Natalie and her two sisters join a laborunion
1private sphere
2civil society
3government4a combination of any of these
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6. The Likas Foundation lobbies legislatorsto pass environmental protections laws
1private sphere
2civil society
3government4a combination of any of these
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The following are some commonproblems in society. For each problem,the students should be prepared to takeand defend a position on which of thethree parts of society or whatcombination of them should be primarily
responsible for dealing with the problem:
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1. Ensuring that children from birth tothree years old eat nutritious food
1- the private sphere
2civil society
3government
2. Discouraging the use of pirated cdsanddvds
1- the private sphere
2civil society
3government
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3. Preventing crimes in the community
1- the private sphere
2civil society3government
4. Caring for elderly people
1- the private sphere
2civil society
3government
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5. Protecting the natural habitat ofendangered species
1- the private sphere
2civil society
3government
6. Maintaining the cleanliness of city streets
1- the private sphere
2civil society
3government
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7. Providing medical care for the poor
1- the private sphere
2civil society3government
8. Ensuring employment opportunities for newgraduates
1- the private sphere2civil society
3government
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9. Upholding the moral standards of thecommunity
1- the private sphere
2civil society
3government
10. Building highways, bridges, and dams
1- the private sphere
2civil society
3government
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11. Protecting the country from externalattack
1- the private sphere
2civil society
3government
12. Promoting economic prosperity
1- the private sphere
2civil society
3government