Welcome to Introduction to
Safety & Health Management
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Objectives
At the end of the workshop, you will be able to:
1. Explain the benefits of implementing a safety and health management system.
2. Identify the core elements of an effective safety and health management system.
3. Describe the key processes in each program element.
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Why Should Employees be Involved?
• Workers know potential hazards and have a vested interest in effective protection.
• Group input provides a wider range of experience.
• Employees are more likely to support and use programs in which they have input.
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OSHA’s Safety and Health System Model
MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP &
EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT
WORKSITE ANALYSIS
HAZARD PREVENTION & CONTROL
TRAINING
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Direct Costs are the Tip of the Iceberg
DIRECT
INDIRECT
Direct Costs:
-Medical treatment
-Physician
-Hospital
-Ambulance
-Indemnity
(compensation to
injured)
Indirect costs:
-Training and compensating replacement workers
-Spoiled product
-Cleaning time
-Repair of damaged property
-Investigation of accident
-Schedule delays
- Poorer customer relations
-Legal fees, etc.
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Safety & Health Culture
• All individuals within the organization believe
they have a right to a safe and healthy
workplace
• Each employee accepts personal
responsibility for ensuring his or her own
safety and health.
• Everyone believes he or she has a duty to
protect the safety and health of others.
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Accountability System
• Established standards
• Resources
• A measurement system
• Consequences
• Application
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1. A clear, simple expression of concern for employee safety and health;
2. A stated purpose or philosophy;
3. A summary statement about the responsibilities of management;
4. A summary of the role of employees; and
5. A closing statement.
Safety & Health
Policy
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To Identify Worksite Hazards
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Workplace Hazard
A "hazard“ is:
An unsafe
that could cause injury or illness to an employee.
or
CONDITION
PRACTICE
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Four Categories of Hazards
M____
E_____
E____
P_____
aterials
nvironment
quipment
eople
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Program Element 1 – Management Leadership &
Employee Involvement
• Management leadership - Motivating
force and resources
• Employee involvement - Means
through which employees express their
own commitment to safety and health
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1. Management Leadership and
Employee Involvement
– Policy, Goal and Objectives
– How visible and effective is management leadership?
– How effective is employee involvement in identifying safety and health problems and in finding solutions?
– How clearly is responsibility for safety and health assigned?
– Are adequate authority and resources allocated to the program?
– Are all employees held accountable for their responsibilities?
– How does the management system assure that only safe contractors come on the site and that they are held responsible for safety and health while working on the site?
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Element 2- Worksite Analysis
• Employees,
including managers,
analyze all worksite
conditions to identify
and eliminate
existing or potential
hazards.
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– Have comprehensive surveys been done?
– Have pre-use analyses been done before purchase and installation of new equipment, processes, and materials?
– Are routine hazard analyses being done and used effectively?
– Are periodic site inspections being done as scheduled, and are existing hazards being found?
– Is the system for employees to report hazards effective?
– Are all near-misses, incidents, and accidents reported immediately, and investigated effectively?
– Are the results of all worksite analyses being tracked to resolution?
2. Worksite Analysis
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Job Hazard Analysis
• What can go wrong?
• What are the consequences?
• How could it happen?
• What are other contributing factors?
• How likely is it that the hazard will occur?
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Hazard Analysis Grinding Iron Castings
• Step 1 – Reach into
metal box to right of
machine, grasp casting,
and carry to wheel.
• Step 2 – Push casting
against wheel to grind
off burr.
• Step 3 – Place finished
casting in box to left of
machine.
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JSA -Additional Hazards & Controls
Potential Hazard Recommended Job
Procedure
b. Contact with sharp burrs
and edges of castings can
cause severe lacerations.
1. Use a device as a clamp to pick up
castings.
2. Wear cut-resistant gloves that
allow a good grip and fit tightly to
minimize the chance that they will get
caught in grinding wheel.
c. Strains to lower back from
reaching, twisting, and lifting
15-pound castings from the
floor.
1. Remove castings from the ground
and place them closer to the work
zone to minimize lifting. Ideally, place
them at waist height or on an
adjustable platform or pallet.
2. Train workers not to twist while
lifting and reconfigure work station to
minimize twisting during lifts.
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Element 3 –
Hazard Prevention and Control
• Hierarchy of Controls
• Engineering controls
•Administrative procedures and safe work practices
• Personal protective equipment (PPE)
• Systems to identify, track and correct hazard
• Preventive maintenance systems
• Emergency plans
• Medical programs
Systems used to prevent and control hazards include:
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3. Hazard Prevention and Control
– Are engineering, work practice and administrative
controls in place and effective?
– Is the availability, use, and maintenance of PPE
appropriate?
– Is the preventive maintenance system working
well?
– Have emergency drills been conducted and
critiqued?
– Is the medical program adequate and effective?
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Five Principles of Teaching and Learning
• Employees should understand purpose of training
• Organize information to maximize effectiveness
• Immediately practice and apply new knowledge and skills
• As employees, practice, feedback needed
• Effective training incorporates a variety of methods
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Element 4 – Safety and Health Training
• Education tells Why
• Training shows How
• Experience improves Skills
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4. Training
– Is appropriate training being conducted?
– Are employees learning what they should?
– Are any unsafe work practices being used?
– Are training records easily accessible and
complete?
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Safety & Health Inspections
• Cover entire
worksite
• Regular intervals
• Inspectors trained
• Hazards tracked to
correction
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Sample Inspection Report
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Inspection Report
Date: Inspection Team:
Number &
Classification
Findings
Hazard Classification
A = Loss of life, body part, extensive damage
B = Serious injury or property damage
C = Non-disabling injury or minor damage
Exit blocked by boxes and other storage. Could lead to
death/serious injury in case of fire or other emergency. 1 A
2 B Chain and sprocket with guard removed. Could cause
amputation or other injury.
3 B Overhead storage area with no guardrail or toeboard. Falling
hazard for those on upper level. Also, boxes could fall from
upper level onto those below.
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1
29
300
Serious Injury
Minor Injury
Near Miss Incidents
Heinrich’s Accident Pyramid
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Accident Investigation Procedures
1. A clear policy statement.
2. Identification of employees authorized to notify outside agencies (fire, police, etc.).
3. Designation and training of employees responsible to investigate accidents.
4. Timetables for conducting the investigation and follow-up.
5. Identification of employees who will receive the report and take corrective action.
•
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Causes of Injuries, Illnesses and Accidents
• Direct Causes
• Indirect Causes
• Root Causes
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Ike on Loan Answers
• Direct causes – Brakes failed and Ike drove off end of dock.
• Indirect causes (Unsafe acts or conditions) – Not inspecting vehicle before operation; vehicle driven without sufficient brake fluid; protective barrier removed from dock.
• Root Causes (Management system weaknesses) – Inadequate selection of employee by management; Ineffective training program; Maintenance program/procedures inadequate; Ineffective inspection program.
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Control Measures?
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Control Measures?
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Emergency Action Plan
• Survey of possible emergencies
• Planning actions to reduce impact on
the workplace
• Employee information and training
• Emergency drills as needed
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Medical Programs
• Size and complexity of a medical program
depends on:ide • Type of processes and materials and the
related hazards,
• Type of facilities,
• Number of workers,
• Characteristics of the workforce, and
• Location of each operation and its proximity to a health care facility.
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Safety and Health Program Evaluation
• All evaluations should
involve:
– A review of documents
– Employee interviews
– A site tour
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Summary
This workshop has covered:
• The benefits of implementing a safety
and health management system;
• The core elements of an effective safety
and health management system; and,
• The key processes within each program
element.