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INTRODUCTION TO STUDY AREA

3.1 Introduction:

Faridabad city located in the south-eastern part of Haryana is the headquarter of a

district by the same name. It is the largest city in the state and its economy is mainly

based on industrial activities. Faridabad alone generates about 60 percent of the revenue

of Haryana with its large number of industrial units i.e. tractors, motorcycles, switch

gears and refrigerators etc. (City Development Plan, 2006:6). The city is situated on the

Delhi Mathura National Highway No-2 at a distance of 32km from Delhi. The city is

connected by railways on the Delhi-Mathura double track broad-gauge line of the Central

Railways. Hence accessibility of the city is very high. The district is bounded on the north

by Delhi, on the south by Palwal district, on the east by Uttar Pradesh and on the west by

Gurgaon district. The Yamuna flows on the northern side of the city. The major part of

Faridabad city is underlain by Quaternary Alluvium consisting of sand, clay and silt.

Faridabad town experiences a semi-arid climate which is characterized by wide

temperature variations and scanty and irregular rainfall. Moreover, the city is only

‘million city’ of the state. The population of the city grew at the rate of 68.93 percentage

during the decade 1991-2001 and the city has a density of 5080 persons/ km² as per 2001

census. This increased to 6129 persons/km² in 2006 (City Development Plan 2006: 26).

With the given size of population a per capita generation of 377 gram waste per

day. The city generates huge amount of solid wastes every day. It is a difficult task but

not impossible to provide a well cleaning service to the city. The municipal corporation of

Faridabad (MCF) is responsible for the collection, transportation and disposal of all solid

waste generated in the city. This does not include the untreated bio-medical wastes and

hazardous industrial wastes, which are taken care of by the respective generators. As a

general practice the wastes collected are disposed at various open dumping yards without

any prior treatment. This adversely affects the environmental quality at the micro level. It

is, therefore, necessary to dump the huge amount of solid waste on a site which is suitable

in respect of environmental and social criteria.

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3.2 A brief history of Faridabad City

Faridabad as a town was founded in 1607 A.D. by Sheikh Farid, treasurer of

Jehangir, with the sole purpose of the protection of the Sher Shah Suri road, the most

important trade path, against enemies. Sheikh Farid built a fort and a mosque and slowly

the town grew in size. There is also a belief that it was Baba Farid, an eminent Sufi saint,

who founded Faridabad. Later, it became the headquarters of a pargana which was held in

jagir by the Ballabgarh ruler.

After independence, the town became a centre for the resettlement of refugees

from Pakistan after Partition. The New Industrial Township (NIT) was set up in 1950.

The city gained much of its present status during the industry oriented Second Five Year

Plan from 1956 to 1961.The Faridabad Development Board was set up in 1966 to provide

employment to the new settlers. The city comprises of 3 towns namely: Old Faridabad,

Ballabgarh and NIT Faridabad. Till 1971, all the 3 towns were having their own

Municipalities. Faridabad Complex was constituted on January 15th 1972 under the

Faridabad Complex Act 1971, which included these 3 towns along with 36 surrounding

villages. The Municipal Corporation was constituted in 1994 under the Haryana

Municipal Corporation Act 1994. It became the only million plus city in the state of

Haryana as per the 2001 Census. At present there are two tehsils in the Faridabad district

viz. Faridabad itself and Ballabgarh. Recently Palwal, a new district has been carved out

of Faridabad district.

Now Faridabad is the most populated and industrialized city in the state of

Haryana. The main factors that encouraged the refugees to settle in Faridabad (until then

a small, undeveloped town) and not in the nearby National Capital Delhi, can be analyzed

as affordability, desire for own community and nature of township intended. Faridabad at

that time was easily affordable because of a small township and the nearness to the capital

city. The high real estate values in the National Capital were a deterrent for the refugees

to settle in Delhi. Thus, the resettlement project got importance through self-help groups

and the labour cooperatives generated employment for the new settled people in

Faridabad. The partition of the country led to insecurity into the mind of refugee. It

generated, among the refugees, a desire of living among their own closely knit

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community with the least amount of intermingling with the natives. Faridabad was a

suitable town where the refugees could live in such a community among themselves.

3.3 Physical Settings

Faridabad is situated on the Delhi – Mathura National Highway No. 2 at a distance of

32 km. from Delhi, at the intersection of 28° 25' 16" North latitude and 77° 18' 28" East

longitude (Fig. 3.1). The town is bounded on the north by Delhi State, on the east by the

Agra and the Gurgaon canals and on the west by the Aravali Hills. The Yamuna flows

very near to the city at its northern side and moves away as it goes south. The present

geographical area of Faridabad Municipal Corporation is 207.88 sq. km (Fig. 3.2). The

population density in Faridabad city is 5080 persons/ km² in 2001 (census of India). The

city has been divided into 3 zones for administrative purpose (Fig. 3.3).

3.1.1 Geology

The major part of Faridabad city is underlain by Quaternary Alluvium consisting

of sand, clay and silt. In the western and north-western part of the town, the quartzite

ridges of the Delhi system can the observed. Along the Yamuna flood plain towards the

eastern part of the town, the younger alluvium is mainly sandy with a thickness of about

10-15 m. The main water -bearing horizons (aquifers) consisting of a sandy layer is

generally confined to 60m below ground level. Beyond this depth alluvium is more

clayey and generally aquifers are not potential water sources even though depth of

bedrock is more than 200m.

The limited thickness of aquifers further restricts the development of ground water

on a large scale. In the Delhi quartzite, the availability of ground water is also limited and

is controlled by secondary permeability imparted by joints and fractures.

3.1.2 Climate and Rainfall

Faridabad town experiences a semi-arid climate which is characterized by wide

temperature variations and scanty and irregular rainfall. During summer, the maximum

temperature may reach upto 45°C in the month of June while in winter the minimum

temperature drops upto 1.9°C in February. May and June are the hottest and driest

months, when dust storms from the west invade with high speed. The average wind

velocity is 2.1 km/hours during June and 1.3 km/hour during November.

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The relative humidity remains maximum during August reaching above 85

percent and minimum during May below 15 percent. The normal annual rainfall in

Faridabad district is about 542 mm. The number of actual rainy days varies between 7 and

22 in a year. The south west monsoon sets in towards the last week of June and withdraws

towards the end of September and contributes about 85 percentage of the annual rainfall.

July and August are the wettest months and 15 percentage of the annual rainfall occurs

during the non-monsoon months in the wake of thunder storms and western disturbances.

3.1.3 Connectivity

Faridabad is an important city of Delhi Metropolitan Area (DMA)/ National

Capital Region (NCR) and accordingly it has strong linkages with Delhi. NH 2

connecting Delhi with Mathura passes through the entire north to south length of the city

and is the central axis of the city of Faridabad. Further, NH 3 and NH 4 also pass through

the city. It is connected with Gurgaon by the Gurgaon-Faridabad road. As part of NCR

proposals, connectivity is proposed for improvement through the western peripheral

expressway (Kundli-Manesar-Palwal-“KMP”) and eastern peripheral expressway

(Kundli-Ghaziabad-Palwal “KGP”).

Faridabad is on the broad gauge line from Delhi to Mathura of the Northern

Railway and is an important Rail Junction in this sector as most train reaching Delhi pass

through Faridabad. Hence Faridabad is well connected with the rest of the country by rail.

Apart from the Main Faridabad Station, it also has two small stations, Old Faridabad and

Ballabgarh stations. The Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi is the nearest airport

providing air link for the city.

3.1.4 Tourist Sites

Badkhal Lake: It is located in Badkhal village, 32 km. from Delhi. The lake, fringed by

the Aravalli hills, is a man-made embankment. A flower show is held here every spring.

Its name is most probably derived from the Persian word bedakhal, which means free

from interference. Close to Badhkal lake is the Peacock Lake, another picturesque spot.

Baba Farid's Tomb: The city of Faridabad is believed to have been named after Baba

Farid, an eminent Sufi saint. There is also a belief that it was he who founded Faridabad.

His tomb in the town is a popular pilgrimage spot for the local people.

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Suraj Kund Tourist Complex and The Crafts Fair: Situated at a distance of around 8 km.

from South district of Delhi, it is an ideal picnic spot. The Suraj Kund Lake is surrounded

by rock-cut steps. Built by the Rajput king Surajpal Tomar, Suraj Kund represents the

rising sun. Ruins of a Sun temple lie around the lake. The complex includes a beautifully

made up done-up Rajhans, a fresh water pool with a beautiful garden, this water pool is

known as Siddha Kund; its water is said to have healing properties. A delightful

handloom and handicraft fair is held here annually in February. Skilled artisans from all

over the country display the rich crafts tradition of India in the typical setting of a rural

Indian marketplace. Cultural programs like folk dances, magic, acrobats and rural

cuisines are also a part of this colourful fair. One can also see traditional crafts being

made and buy them directly from the craftsmen. Food is served in banana leaves and clay

pots.

Nahar Singh Cricket Stadium: The Nahar Singh Cricket Stadium in Faridabad was built

in 1981. The first match, a Ranji trophy game between Haryana and the Services was

played in 1982. The ground has a capacity to hold around 25,000 people. There is a

modern pavilion in the stadium with a suite which has 200 seats. An outdoor tennis court

is also constructed within the stadium. There is a separate parking facility and offices for

the VIPs and ministers. The Nahar Singh Stadium stands out as one of the modern

stadiums in our country.

3.4 Cultural Settings

3.4.1 Population

As described earlier, Faridabad is the most populated city of Haryana state. The

total population of the city in 2001 was 1,055,938 people. Out of the total population

581,069 are male and 474,869 are female which comprises 55 percentage and 45

percentage of the total population respectively. Total population under the age of 7 years

was 158,603 with 85,805 boys and 72,798 girls. Thus the deficit of girls emerged to

13,007. Of the total children in the age group of 0-6 years boys account for 54.1

percentage while girls account for 44.9 percentage. The total schedule caste population

was 96,397 which constitute 9.12 percentage of the total population of the city. As per

preliminary results of 2011 census, the total population of Faridabad is 14,04,653 which

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comprises 7,50,446 male and 6,54,207 female and these shares 53.43 percentage and

46.57 percentage respectively (Fig.3.4).

3.4.2 Growth Trends

The actual growth in the population of the city took place after independence

when the large scale of in-migration of the refuge from Pakistan occurred. The rate of

growth in population during the decades 1961-71 and 1971-81 were 117 percentage and

171 percentage respectively. Remarkably, the rate of growth in population during 1971-

81 was seven times that of the national average. During this time the total population is

reached from 1,22,000 to 3,30,864 with the addition of 2,08,864 people. But in the next

decade 1981-91, the rate of growth in population is found to have sharply declined. The

population of the city grew at the rate of 89 percentage during 1981-91, which was just

half of that in the previous decade.

Figure 3.4 Decadal Growth of Population

Faridabad has come up as one of the fastest growing urban centres in the country.

During 1991-2001, it recorded an increase of 69 percentage, more than three folds of the

national average i.e. 21.3 percentage (Table 3.1 and Fig. 3.5). A large part of this rapid

growth has been due to high level of migration and the decentralism process of the

industries from Delhi, the capital city, to Faridabad. The above discussion shows that the

1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

59039 122817

330864

617717

1055938

1404653

63778208047

286853438221

348715

Net Decadal Growth of Population in Faridabad City

Total Population Net Decadal Change

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63

population growth in the last decade has come down in comparison to the earlier decades.

At the present decade i.e. 2001-11, the growth is further decrease as the previous trend

and it remains 33.02 percentage only.

Table 3.1 Population Growth of Faridabad

Census years Total Population Net Growth Growth

percentage 1901 9816 1911 8540 -1276 -13.00 1921 8058 -482 -5.60 1931 9296 1238 15.40 1941 11475 2179 23.40 1951 37393 25918 225.90 1961 59039 21646 57.90 1971 122817 63778 108.00 1981 330864 208047 169.40 1991 617717 286853 86.70 2001 1055938 438221 70.94

2011* 1404653 348715 33.02 Source: Town Directory Faridabad, 2001; * Provisional Census Data, 2011.

Figure 3.5 Growth Rate of Population

108

169.4

86.770.94

33.02

1961-71 1971-81 1981-91 1991-01 2001-11

Growth Rate (%) of Faridabad City(1951-2011)

Growth Rate (%)

Census Years

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64

The first Development Plan (DP) for Faridabad city was prepared in 1991 on the

assumption of a decadal growth rate of 70 percent for the decades 1991-01 and 2001-11,

and estimated a population of 17.5 lakhs by 2011. This was based on past growth rates

which were above 100 percent during 1961-71 and 1971-81. However, the rate of growth

experienced a decline during the next two decades. As per the 2011 census, the growth

rate is declined to 33 percentage. Based on similar analysis, the NCR regional plan for

2021 has projected the population of Faridabad as 25 lakhs by 2021.

3.4.3 The Population Projection by Different Methods

The population of the Faridabad city has been projected using different methods

and the results are presented in the Table 3.2 given below. The results obtained from the

different methods show that arithmetical increase method is giving lower values and

Geometrical Increase method is reflecting very high values. Incremental increase method

is mildly on lower side, the values obtained by Simple Graph method is matching with

present trend of growth; therefore the later method is suggested as the best fitted for the

population projections.

Table 3.2 Population Projection by Different Methods

Method 2015 2025 2035

Arithmetic Increase 1404624 1654369 1904114

Geomentrical Increase 2980929 6259951 13145897

Incremental Increase 1580081 1955153 2330226

Simple Graph 1784000 2395000 3110000 Source: Detail Project Report, MCF 2007

3.4.4 Population Distribution

The total city is consisted of planned and unplanned areas. HUDA and MCF are

the main authorities that are responsible for the urban expansion in the city. Population

distribution throughout the city is not uniform. The planned sectors of the city have a low

population concentration and the unplanned areas have dense population concentration.

The main concentration of the population is along the NH-2 and railway track which

passes through the city. Along railway track, mainly slums are located and along the

national highway, mainly planned sectors.

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There are 35 wards (Fig. 3.6) in the Faridabad city and for administrative

convenience MCF has divided the city into “three” major zones viz. NIT Zone, Old

Faridabad Zone and Ballabhgarh Zone. The NIT Zone has the maximum number of

wards 19, followed by Old Faridabad Zone with 9 wards and Ballaghgarh Zone with 7

wards under its jurisdiction. The detail zone-wise and ward-wise distribution of

population is given below in Table 3.3. Near-about all wards have planned and unplanned

area within its boundary. The population size of the wards varies from 27,314 to 33,250

with a gap of 5,936 (Fig. 3.7). This shows that all the wards have near about uniform

distribution of the population.

Prior to its foundation as a Corporation in 1993-94, the present-day MCF was

referred to as Faridabad Complex Administration (FCA) comprising the municipalities of

Faridabad Township, Old Faridabad, Ballabgarh and 38 revenue villages. The present

geographical area of Faridabad is 207.88 sq.km and has remained thus since its inception

as a Municipal Corporation. The density of the Corporation in 2001 was 5080 persons per

sq.km; in 1991, the density was 3007 persons per sq.km. As per the 2011(provisional)

census the density of the population are 6754 persons per sq.km (Table 3.4 and Fig. 3.8).

Table 3.3 Ward-wise Population Distribution of NIT, Faridabad and Ballabhgarh Zones respectively, 2001

Zone/Ward No Population

Zone/Ward No Population Zone/Ward No Population

NIT 1 31223 NIT 14 27535 Faridabad 26 28957 2 30980 15 31714 27 27314 3 28930 16 31339 28 28152 4 27788 17 33084 Faridabad Total 255801 5 32619 18 30327 Ballabhgarh 29 28783 6 30153 19 32430 30 31977 7 32274 NIT Total 588225 31 31404 8 33250 Faridabad 20 27785 32 31593 9 32714 21 29901 33 29300

10 31448 22 29102 34 29252 11 29515 23 29012 35 28646 12 28205 24 27612 Ballabhgarh Total 210955 13 32697 25 27966 Grand Total 1054981

Source: Census of India, 2001

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Figure 3.8 Density Trends of Population in Faridabad City

It is observed that the areas within MCF towards Gurgaon have been on high

demand for fast growth where real estate activity has picked up considerably during the

recent five years. Private colonizers have developed and are in the process of developing

large number of apartment and housing complexes in these areas. There are also

institutional and recreation related developments in the area. Major commercial

developments in the form of shopping malls, multiplexes etc are observed to be still

restricted to the NH 2 and its nearby surroundings.

Table 3.4 Density Trends in Population

Municipal Corporation of Faridabad Year Area- Sq.km Density

Persons/ Sqkm. 1991 196.88 3007 2001 207.88 5080 2011 207.88 6754

Source: Census of India, 2001

3.4.5 Sex Ratio and Literacy

The low sex ratio is a common phenomenon across the northern region with

Punjab, Haryana, U.P. and Rajasthan states. Due to selective in-migration of males in

search of industrial employment the number of females with respect to the number of

males decreased drastically. The state of Haryana as a whole has a sex ratio that is worse

than the National average. Within Haryana, Faridabad has a sex ratio less than the state

average. An adverse sex ratio further increases the male dominance in an already male

3007

5080

6754

1991 2001 2011

Density Trends in PopulationDensity Persons/ Sqkm.

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69

dominated society. This male dominance is responsible for the increasing crime against

women.

Table 3.5 Literacy Rate in Faridabad City

Source: Census of India, 2001

The sex ratio in the city has improved over the years; this is an indicator of the

developing nature of the city. The sex ratio of the city has improved consistently from

740 in 1981 to 872 in 2011. The low sex ratio is a common phenomenon in the Northern

States like Rajasthan, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana over the time and Table 3.5 is

given below for the support of the statement. Table given below shows the temporal

change in the sex ratio of the Northern States and a comparison with the study area’s sex

ration. The Figure 3.7 shows that the northern Region is conscious with the problem of

low sex ration and the initiative efforts not going in vain. The Table 3.5 shows that the

sex ratio of the region is slightly increasing but still is low even than the National

average.

Table 3.6 Sex Ratio in Northern States in India

Source: Census of India

The one of reason for low sex ration in the Faridabad city can be attributed as a

manufacturing base city which attracts large numbers of male singles; they become a part

of the city’s skilled and unskilled workforce. The main cause of the improvement of the

2001 2011

Male 74.05 90.44

Female 59.87 78.53

Total 80.00 84.88

State/UT 1991 2001 2011

Chandigarh 790 777 818 Delhi 827 821 866 Haryana 865 861 877 Punjab 882 876 893 Uttar Pradesh 876 898 908 Rajeshthan 910 921 926 Faridabad 804 817 872

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sex ratio, might be, is the proper settle of the workers and brought their families with

them.

Figure 3.9 Sex Ratio in Northern Region

The overall literacy level has also improved considerably over the years and

stands at 85 percent as per the Census 2011 (Fig. 3.9). The Table 3.6 given below

highlights the literacy rate of Faridabad city in two decades. The male population has the

high percentage of literacy in comparison to female literacy in the city. The literacy level

for the both male and female is increasing drastically in the city and it is higher than the

national and state average (Fig. 3.10).

Figure 3.10 Literacy Rate in Faridabad City

750

800

850

900

950

Chandigarh Delhi Haryana Punjab Uttar Pradesh

Rajeshthan Faridabad

No

of F

emal

e pe

r tho

usan

d M

ale

Sex Ratio in Northern States in India

1991 2001 2011

Male Female Total

74.05 59.87 80.00

90.4478.53

84.88

Literacy Rate in Faridabad City2001 2011

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71

3.4.6 Slums

The census of India defines slum as “A compact area of at least 300 populations

or about 60-70 households of poorly built congested tenements, in unhygienic

environment usually with inadequate infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary and

drinking water facilities”. The booming industry in the city during the 1970s and the

1980s and the growth of its economy has contributed to the growth of slums. Large

numbers of labourers from different parts of the country have migrated in the city in

search of employment opportunities and settled on available vacant lands, largely

belonging to the Central and State Governments, MCF, HUDA, Wakf board,

Rehabilitation Department, and even private lands at the peripheral areas of the city.

According to MCF, there are 67 identified slums in the city. These slums have a

population of 4,90,981 out of which 2,73,457 were male and 2,17,524 were female which

comprises 55 percentage and 45 percentage respectively as per 2001 census. The above

said population lived in 1,01,153 household in the city. The Table 3.7 gives the details of

the slum population in the Faridabad city. The literacy rate in slum population was 61.5

percentage which was 18 percentage less than the literacy rate of the city. Male and

female literacy is same as following as the city trend. The male literacy rate was much

higher than the female literacy rate in slum population. The working population share in

the slum population is very less. Only 30 percentage of the total slum population was

workers and near about 50 percentage were male and only 6 percentage were females

which show that the share of female population in working population is quite low. The

responsibility for household management was totally on male population. The current

status of the slum population is 2.3 lakhs in 2011 (The Times of India: 24th July, 2012)

which accounts for about 16 percent of the total population of the city.

Table 3.7 Slum Population in 2001

Literate

(percentage) Workers

(percentage) Main Workers (percentage)

Total 61.5 30.4 27.1

Male 69.7 49.5 45.2

Female 51.0 6.4 4.5 Source: Census of India, 2001

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The majority of the slums are concentrated at critical locations like along the

alignment of the Badarpur bypass, the entire area between Old Faridabad and G.T. Road,

and several lands acquired by HUDA for residential and industrial purposes.

3.5 Economic base

Faridabad, a constituent part of NCR is home to one of the major industrial estates

of Asia which houses a large number of manufacturing industries. Economy of Faridabad

is mainly dependent on Industry. The industrial base of Faridabad is not just the economic

base of Faridabad, but again a constituent part of the overall economy of the NCR, means

that the economies are interdependent. There are 16 multinational companies (MNC), 809

ISO-based industries, 205 medium and large-scale industries and 399 small-scale units as

per the records of the District Industrial Centre, Faridabad. However, there are also

several other smaller industrial units, functioning from various locations including

residential areas in the city. The city is home to many international/ multinational

companies like Whirlpool, Goodyear, Larsen & Toubro, Asia Brown Boveri, GKN Invel,

Woodward Governor and Castrol besides Escorts, Eicher, Cutler Hammer, Hyderabad

Asbestos and Nuchem which are operating in the Faridabad-Ballabgarh belt.

The above mentioned Faridabad-Ballabgarh industrial estate in Faridabad is

spread over a huge area and is the home to a variety of engineering products from

forgings to tractors, clutch assembly to leaf springs. The major industrial production in

the district, mainly represented by Faridabad city itself, is of tractors, steel re-rolling,

scientific instruments, power looms, agriculture implements, JCB cranes, etc.

According 2001 census the total workers in the city are 328,810 which comprises

31 percentage of the total population. These workers are those who stayed within the city.

There are many such employees who commute from nearby cities and villages daily. A

brief table is provided for the description of the workforce of the city.

Table 3.8 Work Force Participation among Total Workers

Year Main workers

Marginal workers

Non- workers

Total workers

Work Force Participation Rate

(percent)

1991 187700 455 429562 188155 30.39 2001 301676 27134 727128 328810 31.14

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73

The industrial estate of Faridabad is understood to be providing direct and indirect

employment to nearly half a million people. The work force participation rate (WFPR) of

Faridabad city as per Census 2001 is 31 percent that is about 3.3 lakhs implying another

equal number of employees of Faridabad industries travel daily from other NCR areas to

Faridabad. The employment in the industries of Faridabad is both skilled and unskilled in

nature. The majority of the workforce today is in the tertiary/ services sector. This also

indicates the quantum of migration that occurred from both within and outside NCR.

While migration from within NCR is low, migration into NCR from other regions of

Northern India is high. This causes a larger impact on Faridabad due to its industrial

character. It may also be noted that the work force participation rate of Faridabad city was

30 percent in 1991 and 34 percent in 1981. Sectors, which indicated maximum

diversification and growth over the decades, are industries other than household and

services. The decline in WFPR over the decades is due to the change in the economic

character of Faridabad- from being predominantly primary/ secondary it is now tertiary/

service oriented. The trend is similar to that in NCR with industries other than household

registering the maximum growth.

Industrial activity in Faridabad itself is the result of the policy decision taken after

independence regarding the nature of development in the surroundings of Delhi.

Faridabad emerged as the choice for the creation of a settlement for the refugees of

Partition as well the preferred location for setting up the manufacturing base of the capital

as well as the country. The estate, once ranked among the top industrial estates of the

continent, today is in the 9th position owing to the neglect during the past decade and a

half coupled with stiff competition from other NCR cities and cities elsewhere in the

country. Clearly, the change in the economic policies of the Government of India

regarding foreign direct investment has led to a change in the economic structure of the

country as a whole and also of such towns like Faridabad. Within NCR, Gurgaon and

Noida have been in the forefront in attracting these investments, which have been

primarily in the information technology (IT) and bio-technology (BT) sectors. Faridabad

has lagged behind in these sectors and is now gearing up to catch up with Gurgaon and

Noida. More and more investments are flowing into the sectors of industry, commerce

and real estate. State government too has been proactive in these terms through awarding

incentives for investments to come in. In case of Faridabad, Haryana State Industrial

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Development Corporation (HSIIDC) is the nodal agency for the purpose of industrial

development. There are five major industrial associations in Faridabad which play a big

role in terms of the development and regulation of industrial activity in the city. They are

Faridabad Industries Association, Faridabad Small Industries Association, Laghu Udhyog

Bharti, Faridabad Manufacturers’ Association and Faridabad Chamber of Commerce &

Industries

3.5.1 Economy

In developing countries like India, ecological and socioeconomic systems are

facing tremendous pressures due to rapid urbanization, industrialization and economic

development. It is found as a general trend that the environmental concern takes a back

seat with going urbanization. The process of industrialization of a city if too rapid,

unbalanced and unchecked causes great amount of degradation of the physical

environment. Though, in short term with economic progress the quality of life improves,

but in the long run the process is bound to deteriorate the quality of life. The following

impacts can be seen on the socioeconomic structure of Faridabad as a result of

urbanization and industrialization.

Before industrialization, the agricultural production forms the backbone of the

economy of an area. The workforce almost completely comprises of the indigenous

population – there is no in-migration of workers. The majority of which are engaged in

the primary sector. In Faridabad a clear shift of the workforce is seen from the primary to

the secondary and tertiary sectors. The rapid industrialization led to the requirement of a

large number of industrial workers in a very short time. This demand for additional

workers could not be met locally. Thus, it led to a high amount of in-migration of workers

for employment in industries. As no additional provisions were made for housing them, it

created a housing shortage. Thus, those left homeless started to squatter on open public

and private lands. This also resulted in an increase in pressure on the existing physical

infrastructural facilities, thereby rendering them inadequate. Faridabad has mostly plotted

housing, with the majority of them being single storied. However, some areas like Sectors

12, 14 and 15 which have a high real estate value are witnessing a trend toward builder

floors or multi-stories constructed by private builders. These builder floors are usually G

+ 2 floors with 3 different families occupying the 3 different floors. This trend can also be

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seen in the areas having high population density (like NIT Sector 25) to accommodate

commercial activity on the ground floor. The housing pattern in the older parts of the

town is more intense as a result of narrow streets and comparatively smaller plot sizes.

The Transportation System is a critical component of urban infrastructure and the

lifeline of the city. It plays a key role in the economic growth of the city. Travel pattern

can be divided into two hierarchies of Inter-city (from one city to another) and Intra-city

(within one city). Though the city is connected by road to Delhi, the quality of

connectivity which the highway offers is highly unsatisfactory. The highway, originally

meant solely for intercity travel, has lost its character and function due to the presence of

a large informal market on both sides of the highway at Badarpur. Originally meant for

through traffic, now 2-wheelers, tractors and other slow moving modes are impeding the

level of service being offered by the highway. Adding to the problem is the truck terminal

at the Tughlakabad dry dock, due to which a large number of trucks are found parked

along the stretch immediately neighbouring the Badarpur border. These parked trucks

cause hindrance to the smooth flow of traffic. This adverse condition of the principal

access road to Faridabad is one of the causes for its stagnation at present. But due to the

new constructed flyover the problem of traffic congestion is solved to a great extent.

However, the Delhi-Ballabgarh railway line forms an important link with Delhi and is

heavily used by workers employed in Delhi and living in Faridabad and vice versa to

commute daily to their workplace. It is also the lifeline for the heavy metal and

electronics industry for the transportation of goods all over North India.

It seems as if a broad policy is followed, though unintentionally, in the location of

the residential and industrial land uses guided by the linear and parallel nature of the

major transport corridors. However, this has resulted in the formation of a good work-

home relationship. To move from one part of the city to another linearly, one can

conveniently use the national highway and the hierarchy of the local network. However,

especially towards the old town area, the local road network is ill maintained and the

roads are very narrow. The land values can be discussed as that of two major types,

Industrial and residential. The maximum value is of the plots along the N.H.2 which are

high priced. The second category is the land under NIT Faridabad, with medium prices.

The cheapest industrial lands are the new industrial lands which are selling at a low cost.

The maximum values for residential land are observed in planned areas which are

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centrally located areas for example Sectors 12, 14, 15, 16 etc. These are close to the old

administrative block of the city located in sector 12, a major market, wide roads and large

plot sizes are the main reason. Another area being developed as a high potential area is

near Surajkund. Some multi-storied buildings like Charmwood village have already come

up. The prices in the old area are medium. The old area, even though it enjoys the

proximity to Delhi has lesser real estate values because of narrow streets and small plot

sizes.

3.6 Basic Amenities

The quality of life is a function of the level of services/infrastructure that is being

made available to the people. It consists of two components – provision and operation and

maintenance.

3.6.1 Water Supply

The water demand can be divided into two major components, domestic and

industrial demand: The Municipal Corporation of Faridabad has fixed the average

domestic requirement of water and this is lower than the minimum level specified by the

World Health Organization (WHO) of 135 LPCD. The sources of drinking water in the

city are both the tap water and the tube well and hand pump. Nearly three fourth of the

population in the city is served through piped water the rest through hand pumps. Some

industries are drawing excessive ground water resulting in fast depletion in ground water

level. The normal underground water depth varies from 5 meter to 15 meters in the

district and the city has a depth of 10 meter.

3.6.2 Sewerage

The planned areas like HUDA sectors, private builder’s multi story buildings, NIT

area has the facility of sewerage system. About 55 percentage of the population of the city

is living in the planned and approved areas which are facilitated by the sewerage system.

The area served by the sewerage system is 80 percentage of the city area. Though the

capacity of treatment of the sewage in city is quite enough but the absence of sewage

collection infrastructure and mismanagement leaves about 20 percentage of the sewage

untreated. MCF has planning to privatise the operation and management of sewerage

system for the better service of cleanliness.

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3.6.3 Sanitation

As mentioned above that about 55 percentage of the entire population is covered

under the planned sewerage network. For the remaining 45 percentage there is an effort to

serve them through public toilet complexes. As per 1991 census, the number of latrines

was 43,515 which are increase in 2001 and become 58,882 with an increase of 15,367 in

number. The head load and basket system of carrying the night-soil is completely

removed from the city and is replaced by septic tank and sewerage system. The MCF is

keenly conscientious to provide the better facility to the population.

3.6.4 Electricity

The number of the electricity connections can be divided into three major groups’

viz. domestic, commercial and industrial. However, the other connections are also in use

like road lightning, illegal and others. The total number of connections in 1991 of

electricity including each type was 1,36,303 which was become 2,58,254 in 2001 (Town

Directory of Faridabad). The Table 3.9 illustrate the total scenario of the consumption of

the electricity in the city. And the Figure 3.8 shows the percentage participation of each

group in the total consumption of electricity.

Table 3.9 Number of Electricity Connections in Faridabad city

Year/Connection Type 1991 2001

Domestic 101195 187316

Industrial 7246 14768

Commercial 13770 32390

Road lighting (points) 12101 21779

Total 136303 258254

Source: District Census Handbook, 2001.

3.6.5 Health Services

The health facilities in the city are provided by government and private hospitals

and dispensaries. In 1991, there are 3 government hospitals, 24 dispensaries, 1 family

planning centres, 3 other centres and some privately managed nursing homes available

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with 474 beds in the city. The health centres increase in 2001 as 4 government hospitals,

26 dispensaries and 7 other medical centres with 1026 beds. During this period 70

Nursing homes are opened in the city for providing better health services. Other than

these governmental organizations, there are number of private hospitals and nursing

homes available in the city and with the advanced technology.

3.6.6 Solid Waste Disposal

It is seen that in general, the local bodies throughout India are not able to

efficiently and adequately perform the function of solid waste disposal. This may be

attributed to the requirement of a heavy investment and the inability of the local body to

provide the same. The problems in this sector are further aggravated with the lack of

interest shown by the private bodies towards this sector as it has low profitability, high

investment and a long gestation period. The Faridabad city is also generating a huge

amount of solid waste with 377 g/capita/day. The MCF is working to provide better

facility of cleanliness in the city. The detail discussion on this topic is available in chapter

4.