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September 2014
Introduction to Subsea Production Systems
03 Drilling and Wellhead Systems
03 Drilling and Wellhead
DNV GL © 2013 September 2014
Subsea Drilling and Wellhead Systems
This module will cover:
Applicable codes and standards
Reservoir Engineering
Subsea Wells
Subsea Well Program
Wellhead Equipment
Deepwater drilling
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Goals
Understand the premises and interfaces to the drilling activity
To understand the main building blocks in a wellTo be able to participate in debates regarding drilling activity and well architecture
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Standards Overview
Wellhead/XT: API 6a API 17dISO 10423ISO 13628-4
BOPISO 13628-7NORSOK D-001NORSOK D-010
API Spec 6A API Spec 16A API RP 16E API RP 53 API 16d API Spec 16C
Casing Tubing, DownholeISO 11960
API 5ct(2)(3) API 14a(b)(h)(j)ISO 10426-1 (cement)
Drilling Equip. API 7K API RP 64 API 4F API 8CDNV-OS-E101
GeneralISO 13628-1NORSOK D-001NORSOK D-010NORSOK U-001OLF Guideline 070PSA NorwayDNV-OS-C101
Riser/UmbilicalsISO 13628-2ISO 13628-3ISO 13628-5ISO 13628-7
API RP 16Q
API Spec 16RDNV-OSS-302DNV-OS-F201DNV-RP-F206
Control SystemsISO 13628-6
API Spec 16D
Well Foundation API RP 2A
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Applicable codes and standards
Main codes for wellhead and drilling:
API 6A/ISO 10423 Specification for Wellhead andChristmas Tree Equipment
API 17D/ISO 13628-4 Subsea wellhead and treeequipment
API 16A / ISO 13533 Specification for Drill-throughEquipment
+ ASME, ISO, BS +++
NORSOK D-010 Well integrity in drilling and welloperations
NORSOK U-001 Subsea production systems
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Reservoir Engineering
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Ormen Lange Reservoir, 350 km 2 2000 meter below seabed:
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Subsea Well Program
Typical Subsea Well Program:
Drill 36” hole to ~80m Run and cement 30” Conductor
Drill 26” hole to ~800m
Run and cement 20” casing with 18 3/4” ( link ) WH
Run Blow-out-preventer ( BOP )
Drill 17 ½” hole to ~1300m
Run and cement 13 3/8” Casing
Drill 12 1/4” hole to ~1700m
Run and cement 9 5/8” Casing
Drill 8 ½” hole to ~2000m
Clean up well
Abandon well (run plug or close valve)
Proceed to completion operations
This program can be a 100 days plan
BOP
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Video, Running Wellhead
Wellhead.avi
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Conventional mud circulation system
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Relation to Pore/Fracture Pressure Plot
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Xmas Tree Systems
Typical Tree Installation Sequence:
Install Xmas Tree on Wellhead using drill string andTree Running Tool (TRT)
Recover TRT
Run BOP and marine riser
Remove down hole plugs
Run completion / production tubing
Perforate tubing at reservoir depth
Inhibit well and prepare to abandon
Install internal tree cap
Retrieve marine riser and BOP
Drill rig moves to next well
Flowlines and flying leads installed by Rig orinstallation vessel
XTXT
BOP
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UNSTABLEROGALANDSHALES
RESERVOIR
18-3/4" wellhead
36"/30" conductor at 940 mTVD
13-3/8 x 13-5/8" intermediate casing set in17 1/2" hole at 2100 - 2200m TVD.
7 " lower completion.
20" surface casing at 1600mTVD
36" conductorhousing
18 3/4" X 7" X 2" tubing hanger
2 x 7" TRSSSV’s
18 3/4" X 13 3/8" casing hanger
9 5/8" liner in 12 1/4" hole to top reservoir at2705m TVD over sail section, to prevent shale
9-5/8 x 7" production packer.9-5/8 x 13-3/8" liner hanger.
9-5/8" production tubing, with production packer setbelow 9 5/8" liner lap.7" tail pipe available for deep set plugs anddownhole gauge positioning.
9-5/8" x 7" lower completi on packer
9-5/8 x 7" full bore isolation valve
7" formation isolation valve
Well Completion - sample
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Well barriers
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Source: NORSOK D-010
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TVD vs. MD
TVD – True Vertical Depth
MD – Measured Depth
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Wellhead equipment
18 ¾” Wellhead Housing
30” Conductor Housing
9 5/8” Casing Hanger
18 ¾” Packoff
(Annulus seal assembly)
13 3/8” Casing Hanger
Drilling Guide Base
The wellhead system suspends the casingand serve as a barrier for well fluids againstthe environment.There are 5 main suppliers of subseaWellhead systems:- GE Oil & Gas (ex. Vetco Gray)- FMC- Aker Solutions- Drill-Quip- Cameron
The wellheads are usually designedaccording to API 17D (ISO13628-4) and API6A (ISO10423).The 18 3/4 ” Wellhead Housing often has aH4 Vetco external profile for subsea wells.The internal seal and locking profiles aresupplier specific.
Main components:
Casing Diagram
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Wellhead equipment
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Deepwater drilling
An increasing number of the subsea wells worldwide are located in deepwater.Deepwater is usually defined as water depths from 300 – 1500 m, with greaterthan 1500 m water depth classified as ultra deepwater. These depths imposesignificant challenges with respect to subsea drilling.
Existing drilling rigs allow for drilling in water depths in the order of 2400 m. Newgeneration drill rigs and drill ships are being designed for water depths beyond3000 m.
In deep water, drilling requires very heavy equipment, drilling operations and wellcontrol procedures are more difficult and well costs can rise dramatically.
The following new techniques are considered to have a significant impact on thesubsea well construction costs:
• Under balanced drilling (The first contract in north sea awarded by Statoil)
• Riser less drilling or dual gradient drilling system
• Expandable casing strings
• Casing while drilling
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Mono bore drilling
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Buzz group
What are the main principles in order to get the oil and gas?
Please give details… – How do you get to the reservoir? – How do you get the oil/gas out? – Where does the oil/gas go from there? – Think of some safety features in Drilling operations…
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Safeguarding life, propertyand the environment
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30” Conductor Housing
BACKBACK
Wellhead Locking Profile
Running Profile
Flow by Port
Guidebase Landing Shoulder
Conductor Extension
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18 3/4” Wellhead Housing
BACK
Lockdownring
Vetco H4Profile
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13 3/8” Casing Hanger
BACK
13 3/8” Casing Pup Joint
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9 5/8” Casing Hanger
BACK
Landing Shoulder
Fluted Centraliser
9 5/8” Casing Pup Joint
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18 3/4” Pack -off
BACKLocking Mandrel
Metal Seal
WellheadLock Ring
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Drilling Guide Base
BACK
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Casing Diagram
BACK
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Subsea BOP
BACK
Blowout.wmv
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