Introduction to the courseIntroduction to the course

Dr. Hassan Sami Shaibah

Department of Anatomy

Midbrain@gmail.com

Dr. Hassan Sami Shaibah

Department of Anatomy

Midbrain@gmail.com

The third year course is divided into two major modules:

1-Head and Neck. Wagih Gamal Elbarrany & Dr.Hassan S Shaibah

2-Neuroanatomy. Dr.Jamal Abdeen & Dr.Hassan S Shaibah

Clinical Anatomy by RegionsBy Richard S Snell

Gray's Anatomy for StudentsRichard L. Drake (Author), A. Wayne Vogl (Author), Adam W. M. Mitchell (Author)

Clinical Neuroanatomy by Richard S. Snell (Author)

Atlas of Anatomy (Thieme Anatomy) Head and Neuroanatomy (THIEME Atlas

of Anatomy)

Grant's Dissector Eberhardt K. Sauerland (Author), Sauerland (Author)

1- gloves2-Labe coat3-Dissection kit(scissors, scalpel surgical blades, forceps.4- atlas and a dissector5Group file

Each group must have:

At the end of this lecture :

What is the nervous system What the component of a neuron

and its type The Division of nervous system Understand the difference between

Spinal nerve and cranial nerve Gray matter and white matter

diffrence reading Snell clinical Neuroanatomy

(Page 2-14)

What are the 2 systems control the functions of the body?

A. Nervous system

B. Endocrine system

environment

animalorganism

animalorganism

Nervous system

sensory neuron

stimulus reaction

effectorInter-neuronreceptor

Motorneuron

Nervous System stimulus and reaction Nervous System stimulus and reaction

Nervous system

Functional unit of NS

Neuron:

1- Neuronal Cell Body (Soma)

2- Neuronal Processes

A- Axon

B-Dendrites

1. nucleus1. nucleus

2. perikaryon 2. perikaryon

3. cell body3. cell body

4. axon4. axon

5. dendrite5. dendrite

6. Nissl body6. Nissl body

7. axon hillock7. axon hillock

8. myelin sheath8. myelin sheath

9. oligodendrocyte9. oligodendrocyte

10. Schwann cell10. Schwann cell

11. skeletal muscle cell11. skeletal muscle cell

12. neuromuscular junction12. neuromuscular junction

Morphology of

Typical Motor Neuron

Morphology of

Typical Motor Neuron

Different type of Sensory Info:

Myelin Sheath

Types of Neuron

Synapse

Division Of the NSCentral nervous

system (CNS)• Brain• Spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous

System (PNS)• 31 pair Spinal nerve • 12 pair cranial nerve • Ganglia

Autonomic nervous system

(ANS)

-sympathetic-parasympathetic

Organization of CNS from inside

1. White matter axons “nerve fibers” 2. Gray matter cell bodies “soma”

Spinal cord

Brain

PNS

PNS

1. 31 pairs Spinal nerve

2. 12 cranial nerve

3.Dorsal Root Ganglion “DRGs”

Cranial and spinal Nerves 12 pair of cranial nerves leave the brain

through foramina in the skull 31 pairs of spinal nerves leaves through

intervertbral foramina in the verterebral column 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal

31 pairs of spinal Nerves

Autonomic Nervous System “ANS”

Innervate involuntary structure e.g. heart, smooth muscles, glands.

Composed of :1. Sympathetic NS emergency 2. Parasympathetic NS restoring

Covering of Brain & spinal cord

Both are covered by 3 meninges layer:1. Dura matter2. Arachnoid matter3. Pia matter

Brain

Spinal Cord

Beginning & end of spinal cord

Begin at froman magnun as contnioution of medulla obblungate

Terminate at lumbar region Flium terminal ends of pia

Spinal cord segemnt

Spinal nerve

Composed of 2 roots: Anterior ( impulse from the CNS) efferent

or motor. Originate from anterior horn Posterior (impulse To the CNS) afferent

or sensory e.g. touch, pain, temperature cell bodies in DRGs

Anterior and posterior unite to form a spinal nerve exit in Intervertebral foramina( mixed nerve)

Then emerge as anterior (large) and posterior rami (small). (mixed)

Posterior back muscles and skin Anterior anterolateral body wall and

limbs Anterior rami join to form plexus ( e.g.

brachial)

Spinal nerve

Brain

Hindbrain

• 1- Medulla Oblongata

• 2- Pons• 3-

Cerebellum

Midbrain Forebrain

•1- Diencephalon (Dorsal Thalamus & Hypothalamus)•2- Cerebrum (2 Cerebral Hemisphere ) connected by fibers called Corpus Callosum

Midbrain

Cerebellum

Cerebrum

Diencephalon

Pons

Medulla Oblongata

Ganglia is 2 types:

1-Sensory Swelling found on

posterior root of each spinal nerve. ( Dorsal root ganglia)

On the course of cranial nerve V,VII,VIII,IX, &X

Types of Ganglia

2- Autonomic Found along

efferent nerve fibers.( e.g sympathetic chain, and ganglia within visceral walls)