BuildingtheWebofThingsStandards for Semantic Interoperability

and End to End Security

DaveRaggett,W3C

IoTW Berlin,19th September2016

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MassivePotentialfortheInternetofThings

SmartHomes Wearables

Power&Environment SmartCities

Healthcare

Manufacturing

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TheInternetofThings– BridgingtheSilos

Stillveryimmature,andalongwaytogo

Lackofinteroperabilityattheapplicationlevel

Manyplatformsandassociatedstandardsl Addressingbroadrangeofdifferentrequirementsl Endtoendsecuritychallengingacrossplatforms

FragmentationandSilosareholdingbackthepotentiall Thisiscausingproblemsforstart-upsandSMEs

Openorclosedsystem?l Closedsystemsincentive:controll Opensystemsprompt:reducedcostsandincreasedmarketsize

l Needforwideadoptionofsharedopenstandards

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IoT Landscape

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IoTSDOsandAlliancesLandscape

Source:AIOTIIoTStandardisationreportrelease2.6

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WorldWideWebConsortium

Mission:leadtheWebtoitsfullpotentiall TheWebistheworld'slargestvendor-neutraldistributedapplicationplatform

FoundedbySirTimBerners-Lee,inventoroftheWebl 400+Membersl Member-fundedinternationalorganisation

DevelopsstandardsforWebandsemantictechnologiesl HTML,CSS,scriptingAPIs,XML,SVG,VoiceXML,

SemanticWebandLinkedDataetc.l Developeroriented,enablingcooperationbetween

organisations withverydifferentbackgroundsl W3Cpatentpolicyforroyaltyfreestandardsl W3Cstaffofengineersactivelyparticipatinginstandardisationl Increasinglyinvolvedinverticals:Mobile,TV,Automotive,Digitalpublishing

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Whatwewanttoavoid…

https://xkcd.com/927/

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WebofThings– Inter-Platformstandardsforinteroperability

TheWebwillenableatransitionfromcostlymonolithicsoftwaretoopenmarketsofapps

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Analogywithearlydaysofnetworking

BeforetheInternet,thereweremanynon-interoperablenetworktechnologies

l IPmadeitsimpletointerconnectnetworksandcreateinteroperableservicesindependentofthenetworktechnologies

l TheInternetgrewexponentiallyastheopportunitieswererealisedl LikewisefortheWebwhichtookoverfromisolatedinformation

services

Directanalogywithtoday’sIoT silosandtheirlackofinteroperability

l TheWebofThingsistheequivalentofIPforsemanticinteroperabilityandendtoendsecurity

l TheWebofThingswillenableexplosivegrowthasthebarrierstointeroperabilityaretorndown

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TheWebofThings– counteringfragmentationwithstandardisedmetadataandAPIsl Simplifyingapplicationdevelopmentbydecouplingtheunderlyingprotocolsl ByanalogytothecrossplatformsocketsAPIforthe

InternetProtocol

l MakingIteasytowriteappsthatcanbeeasilyportedacrossplatforms

l Enablinginteroperabilityacrossdifferentplatformswithstandardisedmetadatal Describingtheinterfacesexposedtoapplicationsl Describingthecommunicationandsecurityrequirements

foraccessingthingsl Describingthesemanticmodelsanddomainconstraints

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WebofThings

Applicationsactonsoftwareobjectsthatstandforthings

l Local“things”l Remote“things

Richdescriptionsforevery“thing”l EachthinghasaURIforitsnamel Thisprovidesaccesstoitsdescriptionl Ontologiesthatdescribe“things”

Thingsdon’tneedtobeconnectedl Abstractentitiesandunconnectedphysicalobjects

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SensorDataStreamsandtheCloud

l Device– Gateway– Cloudl IoTdeviceswithlocalconnectivityl Gatewaysthatstreamsensordatatothecloudl Powerfulscalablecloudbasedplatforms

l Opportunitiesforservicesacrossmanyapplicationdomains

l Bigdata,streamanalyticsandadvancedAIl Machinelearningandpersonalisedservices

l Needforopenstandardstocreateopenmarketsofservicesthatspancloudplatformsoperatedbydifferentvendors

Google’sCloudPlatformfortheIoT

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HubsasPlatformsforSmartHomeApps

l Webstandardscancreateopportunitiesforvendorneutralplatformsforamarketofappsforinstallationonyourhomehub

l Yoursmartphoneprovidesthehumanmachineinterfacefortheseapps

l Improvedsenseofprivacycomparedwithhavingyourpersonaldatabeingsenttothecloud

l Appsbaseduponyoursocialconnectionsl Peertopeerwithyourfriend’shomehubs

Samsung’sSmartThings

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SmartManufacturing

l Greaterflexibilitytoaddressthetrendtohighlypersonalisedproducts

l Reactingfastertochangingmarketconditions

l Verticalintegrationfromproductioncellstotheboardroom

l Horizontalintegrationacrossboththesupplychainandthevaluechainwithinabusiness

RobotsmanufacturingTesla’selectriccars

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Whatkindsofmetadatadoweneed?

l Thinglifecycles,dataandinteractionmodelsl Asexposedtotheapplications

l Properties,actionsandevents

l Howtointeroperatewithanotherplatform?l Protocols,dataformatsandsoforth

l Whatcommunicationpatternstouse?l Push,pull,pub-sub,peertopeerl Real-timerequirementsl Transactionalrobustness&rollbacksl Multiplexingandbufferingl Sleepyambient&batterypowereddevices

l Semanticmodelsofthingsandtheirconstraints

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SemanticModels

l Neededtoensurethatplatformssharethesamemeaningforthedatathattheyexchange

l Fordiscoveringthingsbasedupontheirpropertiesandrelationshipsl SearchenginesthatcanindextheWebofThings

l Forverifyingthatathingisconsistentwithgivenmodels

l Fordesigningservicecompositionsbasedupontheknowledgeofwhichservicesarecompatible

l Thismayinvolvetransformationofdataformatsl Automaticgenerationofgluecodefromthemetadata

W3Chasarichsuiteofrelatedstandards16/25

IoTSecurityShouldWorryUsAll

l Breachesofprivacy

l Cybercrime

l Physicalsafetyinthehome,acrossthecityandwithinbusinesses

l Threatstonationalinfrastructure

l Loomingrisksofcyberwar

Needforjointworkonbestpracticesandtechnicalstandards17/25

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W3CWebofThingsActivity

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W3CWebofThingsInterestGroup

WorkshopinBerlin(June2014)l LaunchofWebofThingsIGin2015l ChairedbyJörg Heuer,Siemensl Taskforces

ThingdescriptionsAPIsandprotocolsDiscoveryandprovisioningSecurity,privacyandresilienceCommunicationsandcollaboration

Strongemphasisonimplementationexperiencel Demosandplug-festsl Helpstobuildasharedunderstanding

BeijingFacetoFace,11-14July201619/25

MembersoftheWebofThingsInterestGroup

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WhereNext?W3CWebofThingsActivity

l W3CischarteringaWebofThingsWorkingGrouptodevelopinitialstandardsl ChartercurrentlyunderreviewbyW3CMembers

l W3CWebofThingsInterestGrouphasjustrecharteredl ExpectedtoboostitsworkonreachingouttoindustryalliancesandSDOsl Interoperabilitytestsacrossplatformsusingopensourceimplementationsl Furtherworkonsemantics,securityandprivacy

l PlansforanIoTontheWebBusinessGroupl Focusingonbusinesslevelrequirementsacrossdomainsl Buildingasharedunderstandingthroughcollaborationwithexternalgroups

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IoTSDOsandAlliancesLandscape

Source:AIOTIIoTStandardisationreportrelease2.6

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AgileProcessesforStandardisation

l Today,severalIoTalliancesandstandardsdevelopmentorganisationsareworkingonmodelsasdescriptionsofdevicesandservices

l Organisationsareworkingonthisinisolationwithriskoffragmentation

l Jointwhitepaperonsemanticinteroperabilitytocounterthisl Buildingasharedunderstandingoftheroleofsemanticinteroperabilityl Seehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.25758.13122

l Discussionunderwayonnextstepstokeepthemomentumflowing

l WeneedagileprocessesforvocabularydevelopmentthatmeetsthetimescalesandbusinessrealitiesfacingSMEsl Experimental,earlycommercialuse,widespreadusel Encouragingre-usewherepractical

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TheBottomLine

TheWebisessentialforrealizingthefullpotentialoftheIoT

TheWebprovidesaunifyingframeworkforsemanticinteroperability

TheWebactsasaglobalmarketplaceforsuppliersandconsumersofservices

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WorkshopAgenda

IndustrialPerspectivel Needs,gaps,currentstateandfutureapproaches

l BorisMaurer,Connctdl ColinI’Anson,HPEl FrankReusch,RWE/Lemonbeatl DieterWegener,Siemens

l DiscussionleadbyDaveRaggett&GeorgRehm

HowtoCoordinate?l Viewsfromdifferentorganisations

l StefanHoppe,OPCFoundationl StefanWeisgerber,DINl ThomasHahn,Plattform Industrie 4.0

l DiscussionleadbyDaveRaggett&GeorgRehm

l Workshopconclusionsandwrap-up

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Theindustrialperspective– needsandgaps,currentstate,futureapproachesl Isthereasharedunderstandingofwhatsemanticinteroperabilityisandwhyitisimportant?

l Eachplatformhasbyandlargeapproachedsecurityindependently,whatarethekeyconsiderationsforenablingendtoendsecurityacrossplatforms?

l Industry4.0hasbeenveryhighleveltodate,howdoweproceedtoarichsetofusecasesthatadddetailtothevisionwewanttorealize,pointtotherequirements,andfacilitateabetterunderstandingofwhichexistingstandardsareappropriateandwhatnewstandardsareneeded?

l Canyoutalkaboutthedifferentkindsofplatformsandstandardsthatareneededtoreachfromtheproductionscellstotheboardroom,toreachacrosssupplylinesandcorporatevaluechains,andacrossthelifecyclefromproductdesign,productionplanningandoperation,andlifetimesupport?

l HowdoweconvincecompaniestocommittheresourcestodrivenewtechnicalstandardsfortheIIOT?

l WhatisneededforcompaniestocollaborateonbuildingcommerciallyrelevanttestbedsfortheIIOT?

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Howdowecoordinateourselvestostandardizesemanticinteroperability?l Whyiscoordinationessential,andacrosswhichbodiesshouldittakeplace?

l Whataretheappropriatemechanismsforcollaboration?Forexample,jointwhitepapers,workshops,jointtestbeds,plugfests,bilateralmeetings,etc.

l Whatkindsofpeopledoweneedtoinvolveandwhataretheargumentsthatareneededtoconvincebusinessestomakethenecessarycommitments?

l WhatistheroadmapfortheIndustrialInternetofThings?Canwecombineabroadlongertermvisionwithreadilyachievablemilestonesalongtheway?

l Moreconcretely,whatisneededforbuildingasharedvisionbetweentheIndustrialInternetConsortium,Industrie 4.0,OPCFoundationandW3C,amongstothers?

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