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Introduction

Scots language and culture 1 Scots language and culture - Part 1

Introductionby Sylvia Warnecke

Page 2 of 31 10th January 2020

https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=2705


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Introduction

Contents Why Scots? The course How to study this course Course structure Unit structure Learning the Scots language How to record your learning and monitor your

progress Badge information References Acknowledgements




Introduction

Why Scots?Welcome to this course on Scots, one of the three indigenous

languages, native to the British Isles, spoken in Scotland alongside

English and Scottish Gaelic. Scots only received official recognition

as a language in its own right in 2015, when the Scottish

Government published its Scots Language Policy. This also

resulted in recognition by the UK government and the European

Union.

As opposed to English and Gaelic, Scots is a non-standard

language. This means that it does not have a written standard and

has less ‘institutional support or sanction [compared to] a standard

language. Like any dialect/language however, it has its own

vocabulary and an internally consistent grammar and syntax; and it

[is] spoken using […] a variety of accents’. As a non-standard

language, Scots ‘has historically been stigmatised, and a debate

continues about the extent to which non-standard [use of Scots]

should be encouraged, and even simply tolerated, [e.g.] in

education’ (‘What is the difference between standard and non-standard languages? Pal, 2018).

When exploring this debate in depth throughout this course, you

will become aware that the story of Scots can be told in two

versions: the official history of Scots as told through policy

changes, and the ‘lived experiences’ of Scots-speaking people. Page 7 of 31 10th January 2020



https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-standard-and-non-standard-languages


https://www.gov.scot/publications/scots-language-policy-english/

Introduction

Despite differing points of view, Scots remains an essential part of

Scotland, its history, culture and identity. In accordance with this,

the Scots Language Policy published by the Scottish Government

in 2015 outlines the reasons why it is important to engage with and

promote the Scots language:

Scots is an essential element of the culture and heritage of Scotland. For many of us, it is a familiar aspect of our song, poetry and literature and a recognised feature of how we express ourselves in our community life. The Scots language is only spoken within Scotland and it is not used anywhere else in the world by a community of significant number or extent. Therefore steps need to be taken within Scotland to ensure its preservation.

The Scottish Government will promote and support Scots, and encourage its respect and recognition in order that, what for many is the language of the home, can be used in other areas of Scottish life.

This course aims to contribute to realising the vision outlined in the

Scots Language Policy.





Introduction

The courseThis course is not a conventional language course – it teaches the

Scots language through the culture where it is spoken, underlining

the role of Scots in Scottish society past and present. The course

has been written by 16 different authors who are prominent

individuals and experts in the field of Scots language and culture.

These authors bring their expertise and individual viewpoints to

this course and your learning, yet their units also connect with

current debates, publications and the observations of others.

Aims and objectivesThe course is written for a wide-ranging audience.

If you already speak Scots, you will be able to learn more about

the role of the language in Scottish history and life in today’s

Scotland, its importance for many Scottish people’s sense of

identity, its prestige in some parts of society, and reasons for the

lack of it in others. You will establish that Scots is a language in its

own right with a wide range of dialects spoken in most parts of

Scotland. You will discover where many Scots words come from

and how their use has changed over time and, last but not least,

that speakers of Scots as well as English, or more languages,

should be considered bi- or multilingual.




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If you speak little or no Scots, you will, in addition to the above, be

able to develop your understanding of written and spoken Scots in

different dialects, as well as the structure of the language. You will

also be able to practise writing and speaking Scots and build your

Scots vocabulary.

Alongside lots of Scots words and phrases, this course teaches the

following key aspects of Scots as a living language:

its use and recognition in Scotland today

its history,

its links with other European languages

its vocabulary

its grammar

its use in different literary genres and other art forms.




Introduction

How to study this courseThe course is designed to cater for different study approaches and

intentions. You can study this course by, for example:

following the chronological order of the units and going

through all parts of the units step-by-step

‘dipping’ in and out of the course according to your

specific interests

focusing on the culture element, i.e. if you are a

confident speaker of Scots

studying the core unit materials first of all and then

returning to the Further Reading sections at a later

stage.

We estimate that you will spend 2 to 3 hours studying each unit,

depending on your previous knowledge of Scots language, your

level of academic skills, and the intensity of your engagement.

Please note that the study time estimate only takes into account

the engagement with the core study materials.

Benefits of enrolmentYou will be able to make the most of your study when being

enrolled as a learner on this course, as being an enrolled learner

allows you to use all the features the course has to offer.




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Please note that you also need to be enrolled on the course and

complete parts 1 and 2 in order to gain the course badge and

statement of participation.




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Course structureThe course consists of two parts, which each contain 10 units.

Part 1This part requires academic skills at Higher Education introductory

level.

Study level language

OU SCQF FHEQ1 7 4

Part 1 contains the following units:

1. Scots today by Matthew Fitt

2. Vocabulary (old and new) by Diane Anderson

3. Education by Simon Hall

4. Dialect diversity by Bruce Eunson

5. Politics by Ashley Douglas

6. Food and drink by Annie Mattheson

7. Arts and crafts by Liz Niven

8. Scots and pport by Ged O’Brien




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9. Drama, television and film by Ian Brown

10. Scots and work by Bruce Eunson.

Part 2This part requires academic skills at Higher Education intermediate

level.

Study level language

OU SCQF FHEQ2 8 5

Part 2 contains the following units:

1. History and linguistic development of Scots by

Simon Hall

2. Scots song by Steve Byrne

3. Storytelling, comedy and popular culture by

Donald Smith

4. Scots and the history of Scotland by James

Robertson

5. Scots and religion by Donald Smith

6. Scots abroad by Billy Kay




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7. Grammar by Christine Robinson

8. Literature – poetry by Alan Riach

9. Literature – prose by Alan Riach

10. Standardisation of Scots by Michael

Dempster.




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Unit structureAll units in parts 1 and 2 adopt the same template and consist of

the following core elements:

1. Introduction

2. Handsel

3. Content sub-sections

4. What I have learned

5. Further research

6. References

7. Acknowledgements.

This course teaches you through four main aspects:

1. Content input – which provides you with subject matter

related to the topic of the unit

2. Activities – which guide you through the learning by

explaining how to work with the content

3. Answers – which give you an indication of the kind of

things you should be taking away from this course,

whether your answers to the questions in the activities




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were correct, and we provide model answers to show

how you could have answered questions

4. Resources – which you can use to undertake your own

further research into aspects taught in the units.




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Learning the Scots languageEach unit comprises specific features to help you:

familiarise yourself with the Scots language

learn through acquiring new vocabulary and

developing your receptive skills

develop your productive skills by writing and speaking.

1 HandselThis feature introduces you to two Scots words related to the

content of the unit. The Handsel also shows examples of how

these words are used in context, and you will see an image

reflecting the meaning of the words. You will be able to listen to

spoken example sentences, record yourself speaking them, and

then compare your pronunciation with the model.

Each Handsel links to the entry for the word in the Dictionary of the Scots Language to encourage you to explore the meaning

and history of the words further.

Here an example of this for the word Handsel.

Handsel Definition: a gift, bestowed to commemorate an

inaugural occasion, event or season; a first payment Page 18 of 31 10th January 2020



http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/cundy

https://www.dsl.ac.uk/%20


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received by a trader bringing good luck; a first taste or

experience; a present of food.

Example sentence: “Come awa', Mrs Timmerman, an gie's hansel, an' I'll gie ye th' pick o' ma pack” (Helen

Beaton, At the Back o' Benachie,

1915).

English translation: “Come on, Mrs

Timmerman, be my first customer and I’ll

give you the best of my lot.”

Giving flowers

View description - Giving flowersPage 19 of 31 10th January 2020



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Further readingFind out some more about the tradition of a Handsel when

reading about the “Mareel” project, a music, cinema and creative

industries centre on Lerwick’s quayside. As the Mareel was being

built, during the construction phase, people were invited to record

their feelings for the building in the form of a hansel, which were

then collected in the form of glass jars. The jars were then buried

within the walls of the building. There is a link here with more

information https://www.mareel.org/blog/hansel-for-mareel-project-to-launch-on-23-december

2 ReadingYou will come across many different extracts for reading in Scots.

These will not only help you learn to read the language, they will

also exemplify the differences in spelling Scots words that occur

due to the fact that Scots is a non-standard language. The course

uses a wide range of types of written texts in Scots from personal

letters to policy documents.

You will work on translating parts of reading texts from Scots into

English to find out more about the differences between and

similarities of both languages.

Please note that all Scots words in the course are written in italics,

or in standard font should the surrounding text be in italics.




https://www.mareel.org/blog/hansel-for-mareel-project-to-launch-on-23-december

https://www.mareel.org/blog/hansel-for-mareel-project-to-launch-on-23-december

Introduction

3 ListeningTo support you in learning to understand spoken Scots, the course

will provide you with a wide range of audio resources alongside

transcripts of recordings and study tips on how you can work on

developing your listening skills.

In addition, you will find many links to audio-visual resources in

which people speak different Scots dialects.

4 WritingAlthough there is no commonly agreed standard for written Scots,

you will gradually develop your writing skills in Scots using words

from different Scots dialects. In connection with being exposed to a

variety of Scots examples in different text types and using the

knowledge of Scots grammar you will acquire, you will be guided in

starting to write in Scots.

5 SpeakingTo help you learn to speak some Scots and develop a good

awareness of Scots pronunciation in different dialects, you will be

introduced to different speakers and use the recording and

playback tool, you will be able to practise imitating the

pronunciation of words, phrases, sentences and longer speech of

these speakers.




Introduction

6 Language linksThrough the feature of the ‘Language links’ you will be taught how

Scots has close links with many other European languages. You

will learn to identify similarities in words from other languages with

Scots words and expressions, and you will explore the origins of

foreign words used in Scots and how these came to be included in

Scots vocabulary.

7 Dictionary skillsThis course teaches you how to work effectively with the Dictionary

of the Scots Language to help you explore nuances of meaning in

Scots words and expressions, translate from and, partly, into

Scots, and to take your study of the Scots language further on your

own.




Introduction

How to record your learning and monitor your progress

1 ActivitiesEach unit starts with an introduction and a list of its key learning

objectives. This is followed by Activity 1, which has a similar format

in each unit. This activity is designed for you to make a note of:

what you might already know about the topic of the

unit

what you might expect to find out in the unit.

At the end of each unit, you will revisit what you have written in

Activity 1. This happens in the last activity of the section, labelled

'What I have learned', which is part of every unit. There, you will be

able to see what you noted in Activity 1 and compare the notes you

made at the start with the things you have actually learned

throughout the unit, ranging from new Scots words and sentences,

useful sources and links to external websites, to specific aspects of

the unit topic.

This last activity is designed to help you consolidate what you have

studied and decide what you want to take away from each unit,

depending on your previous knowledge and individual interests.




Introduction

Please note: Throughout the course you will be making notes in

free text boxes, which are only visible to you. These will be there

for you to look back at as you progress through the course. In

addition, in some text boxes the information is stored and what you

wrote is shown to you again later in the section.

There are also activities which allow you to record your spoken

Scots. These recordings are saved on the course so that you can

revisit them and your recordings can only be accessed by you.

However, in order to be able to see all your notes and replay your

voice recordings, it is important that you do not clear your browser history for this course site, otherwise they will

be lost.

Also note: If you are an Apple Mac user, it is important to know

that the Safari browser versions 12 onwards do not support the

Java software needed to use the tool for listening and making

audio recordings. Using an alternative, such as the free Firefox

browser, you can enable and use this tool.

Finally: You might find that some of the drag-and-drop activities

are difficult to do on your screen. In these cases please use your

browser’s zoom function to be able to see all items of these

activities.

2 Your own learning logPage 24 of 31 10th January 2020



Introduction

As you go through each unit, we suggest you keep a learning log

by taking notes on paper, in a Word document or any other format

of your choice on aspects that are of particular interest to you. This

will then constitute your summary of key things to take away from

each unit.

To help you identify the parts of the course where it is useful to

reflect and take notes you will see this icon.

In addition, you might want to take a note of some of the weblinks

and other resources introduced in each unit for future reference.

3 End-of-course quiz and digital badgeBy studying this course, you will have the opportunity to gain an

Open University digital badge and statement of participation for

your achievement. More information on badges is given in the next

section Badge information.




Introduction

Badge information

What is a badged course?

Badges are a means of digitally recognising certain skills and

achievements acquired through informal study, and are entirely

optional. They do not carry any formal credit as they are not

subject to the same rigour as formal assessment; nor are they

proof that you have studied the full unit or course. They are a

useful means of demonstrating participation and recognising

informal learning.

If you'd like to learn more about badges, you will find more

information on the following websites:

Open Badges – this information is provided by

Mozilla, a leading provider of the open badges system




https://openbadges.org/about/

Introduction

Digital Badges – this information is provided by

HASTAC (Humanities, Arts, Science and Technology

Alliance and Collaboratory), a global community

working to transform how we learn, and particularly

making use of technology.

Gaining your badgeTo gain the Scots language and culture badge, you will need to:

1. Read all of Parts 1 and 2 online.

2. Complete the quiz that you’ll find at the end of Part 2,

and achieve at least 60%.

When you have successfully achieved the completion criteria you

will receive your badge for Scots language and culture. You will

receive an email notification that your badge has been awarded

and it will appear in the My Badges area in your profile. Please

note it can take up to 24 hours for a badge to be issued.

Your badge demonstrates that you have achieved the learning

outcomes for the course. These outcomes are listed at the start of

each unit.

The digital badge does not represent formal credit or award, but

rather it demonstrates successful participation in informal learning

activity.




https://www.hastac.org/initiatives/digital-badges

Introduction

Accessing your badgeFrom within the Scots language and culture course:

Go to the navigation block and under My Profile you

can access My Badges. When you click on My

Badges you will be taken to your My Badges page on

OpenLearn Works.

To view the details of the badge or to download it, click

on the badge and you will be taken to the Badge

Information page.

Now go on to Unit 1: Scots today.




http://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/olinkremote.php?website=Scots%20language%20and%20culture%201&targetdoc=Unit%201:%20Scots%20today

Introduction

ReferencesBeaton, H. (1915) At the Back o' Benachie, Aberdeen, Central

Press (John Milne).

Dictionary of the Scots Language (n.d.) [Online]. Available at

https://www.dsl.ac.uk/ (Accessed 3 January 2019).

Pal, A. (2015) What is the difference between standard and non-standard languages? Quora [Online]. Available at

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-standard-and-non-standard-languages (Accessed 3 May

2019).

Scottish Government. (2015) Scots Language Policy English

version, 3 Septemeber [Online]. Available at

https://www.gov.scot/publications/scots-language-policy-english/ (Accessed 10 January 2019).









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AcknowledgementsGrateful acknowledgement is made to the following sources:

Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders. If any

have been inadvertently overlooked the publishers will be pleased

to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

Course Image: Supplied by Bruce Eunson / Education Scotland

Giving flowers: Image by GLady from Pixabay




Introduction

Giving flowersDescriptionAn open pair of hands holding a few small cut flowers

Back to - Giving flowers




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