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Introduction[1]bullThree techniques are used independently or in tandem to
improvereceiver signal qualitybullEqualization compensates for ISI created by multipath with
timedispersive channels (WgtBC)1048766Linear equalization nonlinear equalizationbullDiversity also compensates for fading channel impairments
and isusually implemented by using two or more receiving
antennas1048766Spatial diversity antenna polarization diversity frequencydiversity time diversity
bull The former counters the effects of time dispersion (ISI) while thebull latter reduces the depth and duration of the fades experiencedbull by a receiver in a flat fading (narrowband) channelbull bull Channel Coding improves mobile communication linkbull performance by adding redundant data bits in the transmittedbull messagebull bullChannel coding is used by the Rx to detect or correct some (or all)bull of the errors introduced by the channel (Post detectionbull technique)bull 1048766Block code and convolutional code
bull Equalization Techniquesbull bull The term equalization can be used to describe any signalbull processing operation that minimizes ISI [2]bull bull Two operation modes for an adaptive equalizer trainingbull and trackingbull bullThree factors affect the time spanning over which anbull equalizer converges equalizer algorithm equalizerbull structure and time rate of change of the multipath radiobull channelbull bullTDMA wireless systems are particularly well suited forbull equalizers
bull Nonlinear Equalization
bull bullUsed in applications where the channel distrotion is too severe
bull bullThree effective methods [6]
bull 1048766Decision Feedback Equalization (DFE)
bull 1048766Maximum Likelihood Symbol Detection
bull 1048766Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimator (MLSE)
bull Diversity Techniquesbull bullRequires no training overheadbull bullCan provides significant link improvement with little added costbull bullDiversity decisions are made by the Rx and are unknown to the Txbull bullDiversity conceptbull 1048766If one radio path undergoes a deep fade another independent
path maybull have a strong signalbull 1048766By having more than one path to select from both the
instantaneousbull and average SNRs at the receiver may be improved often by as
muchbull as 20 dB to 30 dB
bull Diversity Techniques
bull bullMicroscopic diversity and Macroscopic diversity
bull 1048766The former is used for small-scale fading while the latter for large-scale
bull fading
bull 1048766Antenna diversity (or space diversity)
bull The former counters the effects of time dispersion (ISI) while thebull latter reduces the depth and duration of the fades experiencedbull by a receiver in a flat fading (narrowband) channelbull bull Channel Coding improves mobile communication linkbull performance by adding redundant data bits in the transmittedbull messagebull bullChannel coding is used by the Rx to detect or correct some (or all)bull of the errors introduced by the channel (Post detectionbull technique)bull 1048766Block code and convolutional code
bull Equalization Techniquesbull bull The term equalization can be used to describe any signalbull processing operation that minimizes ISI [2]bull bull Two operation modes for an adaptive equalizer trainingbull and trackingbull bullThree factors affect the time spanning over which anbull equalizer converges equalizer algorithm equalizerbull structure and time rate of change of the multipath radiobull channelbull bullTDMA wireless systems are particularly well suited forbull equalizers
bull Nonlinear Equalization
bull bullUsed in applications where the channel distrotion is too severe
bull bullThree effective methods [6]
bull 1048766Decision Feedback Equalization (DFE)
bull 1048766Maximum Likelihood Symbol Detection
bull 1048766Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimator (MLSE)
bull Diversity Techniquesbull bullRequires no training overheadbull bullCan provides significant link improvement with little added costbull bullDiversity decisions are made by the Rx and are unknown to the Txbull bullDiversity conceptbull 1048766If one radio path undergoes a deep fade another independent
path maybull have a strong signalbull 1048766By having more than one path to select from both the
instantaneousbull and average SNRs at the receiver may be improved often by as
muchbull as 20 dB to 30 dB
bull Diversity Techniques
bull bullMicroscopic diversity and Macroscopic diversity
bull 1048766The former is used for small-scale fading while the latter for large-scale
bull fading
bull 1048766Antenna diversity (or space diversity)
bull Equalization Techniquesbull bull The term equalization can be used to describe any signalbull processing operation that minimizes ISI [2]bull bull Two operation modes for an adaptive equalizer trainingbull and trackingbull bullThree factors affect the time spanning over which anbull equalizer converges equalizer algorithm equalizerbull structure and time rate of change of the multipath radiobull channelbull bullTDMA wireless systems are particularly well suited forbull equalizers
bull Nonlinear Equalization
bull bullUsed in applications where the channel distrotion is too severe
bull bullThree effective methods [6]
bull 1048766Decision Feedback Equalization (DFE)
bull 1048766Maximum Likelihood Symbol Detection
bull 1048766Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimator (MLSE)
bull Diversity Techniquesbull bullRequires no training overheadbull bullCan provides significant link improvement with little added costbull bullDiversity decisions are made by the Rx and are unknown to the Txbull bullDiversity conceptbull 1048766If one radio path undergoes a deep fade another independent
path maybull have a strong signalbull 1048766By having more than one path to select from both the
instantaneousbull and average SNRs at the receiver may be improved often by as
muchbull as 20 dB to 30 dB
bull Diversity Techniques
bull bullMicroscopic diversity and Macroscopic diversity
bull 1048766The former is used for small-scale fading while the latter for large-scale
bull fading
bull 1048766Antenna diversity (or space diversity)
bull Nonlinear Equalization
bull bullUsed in applications where the channel distrotion is too severe
bull bullThree effective methods [6]
bull 1048766Decision Feedback Equalization (DFE)
bull 1048766Maximum Likelihood Symbol Detection
bull 1048766Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimator (MLSE)
bull Diversity Techniquesbull bullRequires no training overheadbull bullCan provides significant link improvement with little added costbull bullDiversity decisions are made by the Rx and are unknown to the Txbull bullDiversity conceptbull 1048766If one radio path undergoes a deep fade another independent
path maybull have a strong signalbull 1048766By having more than one path to select from both the
instantaneousbull and average SNRs at the receiver may be improved often by as
muchbull as 20 dB to 30 dB
bull Diversity Techniques
bull bullMicroscopic diversity and Macroscopic diversity
bull 1048766The former is used for small-scale fading while the latter for large-scale
bull fading
bull 1048766Antenna diversity (or space diversity)
bull Diversity Techniquesbull bullRequires no training overheadbull bullCan provides significant link improvement with little added costbull bullDiversity decisions are made by the Rx and are unknown to the Txbull bullDiversity conceptbull 1048766If one radio path undergoes a deep fade another independent
path maybull have a strong signalbull 1048766By having more than one path to select from both the
instantaneousbull and average SNRs at the receiver may be improved often by as
muchbull as 20 dB to 30 dB
bull Diversity Techniques
bull bullMicroscopic diversity and Macroscopic diversity
bull 1048766The former is used for small-scale fading while the latter for large-scale
bull fading
bull 1048766Antenna diversity (or space diversity)
bull Diversity Techniques
bull bullMicroscopic diversity and Macroscopic diversity
bull 1048766The former is used for small-scale fading while the latter for large-scale
bull fading
bull 1048766Antenna diversity (or space diversity)