INTRODUCTION_MBR_GUATEMALA_3.pdf

Introduction to the Maya Biosphere Reserve, Petén, Guatemala, Central America

Consejo Nacional de Áreas Protegidas

Wildlife Conservation Society

With the collaboration of:

With the support of:

General conditions and context

Threats

Monitoring tools

Contents

General conditions and context: Location

Source: Centro de Monitoreo y Evaluación de CONAP, Wildlife Conservation Society

General conditions and context: Timeline1955

Tikal National Park is created by the Guatemalan Government

1959

FYDEP (Empresa Nacional de Fomento y Desarrollo Económico de Petén) is created, the colonization of Petén is promoted as one of the pivotal measures of the institution

1979UNESCO declares Tikal National Park a World Heritage Site

1989The Protected Areas Law Congressional Decree is declared, CONAP is created

1990The Maya Biosphere Reserve is declared by Congressional Decree

1994The first community forest concession is granted to San Miguel

1997-2002Forest concessions are granted to 11 communities and 2 private industries

1998, 2003 and 2005

Coinciding with El Niño events and an extended droughs, large forest fires affect the MBR

2009The largest deforestation area in ten years (close to 25K hectares) is reported for the MBR

2014The lowest deforestation area in ten years (close to 11K hectares) is reported for the MBR, the reserve retains close to 70% of natural habitats

2015

25th anniversary of the creation of the MBR, ongoing efforts to advance a REDD project in the Multiple Use Zone and Sierra del LacandónNational Park

Temple II, newly uncovered mask south of stairway on pyramid stage, April 1958

Credit: William R. Coe, University of Pennsylvania Museum



1959







1998, 2003 and 2005




2015


Temple I, Tikal National ParkCredit: Victor Hugo Ramos, CONAP, WCS



1959







1998, 2003 and 2005




2015


México – Guatemala border circa 1990LANDSAT images from 1991 and 1987, USGS and NASA



1959







1998, 2003 and 2005




2015


Classification of Xate palmsCredit: CONAP

Certified wood from Río Chanchich community concessionCredit: CONAP



1959







1998, 2003 and 2005




2015


MODIS Acqua, March 18, 2003Active fires in Northwestern Guatemala, large amounts of smoke that will

eventually travel trough the Gulf of México to FloridaCredit: Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA/GSFC



1959







1998, 2003 and 2005




2015


The above clearing burning on May, 2009Credit: CONAP-WCS in an flight provided by Lighthawk

A 900 hectares clearing in a March, 2009 Landsat imageUSGS and NASA



1959







1998, 2003 and 2005




2015


Re-growth in the above general area on May, 2014Credit: CONAP-WCS in an flight provided by Lighthawk

The 900 hectares clearing of 2009 in re-growth after evicting the land grabbers, September, 2014 Landsat image

USGS and NASA



1959







1998, 2003 and 2005




2015


Soy502 digital newspaper article on the MBR 25th anniversaryhttp://www.soy502.com/articulo/retos-desafios-25-anos-reserva-

biosfera-maya

General conditions and context: Zonification


General conditions and context: Values

2800 species34% of vascular plants in Guatemala

513 species 71% of birds in Guatemala

62 species 43% of amphibians in Guatemala

122 species 64% of mammals in Guatemala

95 species 39% of reptiles in Guatemala





Tikal Mirador Naachtun El Perú

Yaxhá

Nakum La Corona Río Azul

Uaxactun Piedras NegrasSource: Centro de Monitoreo y Evaluación de CONAP, Wildlife Conservation Society


Source: Centro de Monitoreo y Evaluación de CONAP, WCS in a flight provided by Lighthawk


Source: ONU, AGEXPORT

General conditions and context: Physical conditions

Source: Source: Centro de Monitoreo y Evaluación de CONAP, WCS with data from Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission, NASA-DLR


Source: Source: Centro de Monitoreo y Evaluación de CONAP, WCS with data from Worldclim


Source: Source: Centro de Monitoreo y Evaluación de CONAP, WCS with data from Worldclim

General conditions and context: Habitats and land use

Source: Source: Centro de Monitoreo y Evaluación de CONAP, WCS in fligths provided by Lighthawk





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General conditions and context: Human population


General conditions and context: Accessibility


Threats: Direct

http://cmp-openstandards.org/tools/threats-and-actions-taxonomies/

Threats: Direct


1 Residential & Commercial Development

1.1 Housing & Urban Areas

1.2 Commercial & Industrial Areas

1.3 Tourism & Recreation Areas

2 Agriculture & Aquaculture

2.1 Annual & Perennial Non-Timber Crops

2.2 Wood & Pulp Plantations

2.3 Livestock Farming & Ranching

2.4 Marine & Freshwater Aquaculture

3 Energy Production & Mining

3.1 Oil & Gas Drilling

3.2 Mining & Quarrying

3.3 Renewable Energy

4 Transportation & Service Corridors

4.1 Roads & Railroads

4.2 Utility & Service Lines

4.3 Shipping Lanes

4.4 Flight Paths

5 Biological Resource Use

5.1 Hunting & Collecting Terrestrial Animals

5.2 Gathering Terrestrial Plants

5.3 Logging & Wood Harvesting

5.4 Fishing & Harvesting Aquatic Resources

Threats: Direct


6 Human Intrusions & Disturbance

6.1 Recreational Activities

6.2 War, Civil Unrest & Military Exercises

6.3 Work & Other Activities

7 Natural System Modifications

7.1 Fire & Fire Suppression

7.2 Dams & Water Management/Use

7.3 Other Ecosystem Modifications

8 Invasive & Other Problematic Species & Genes

8.1 Invasive Non-Native/Alien Species

8.2 Problematic Native Species

8.3 Introduced Genetic Material

9 Pollution

9.1 Household Sewage & Urban Waste Water

9.2 Industrial & Military Effluents

9.3 Agricultural & Forestry Effluents

9.4 Garbage & Solid Waste

9.5 Air-Borne Pollutants

9.6 Excess Energy

10 Geological Events

10.1 Volcanoes

10.2 Earthquakes/Tsunamis

10.3 Avalanches/Landslides

11 Climate Change & Severe Weather

11.1 Habitat Shifting & Alteration

11.2 Droughts

11.3 Temperature Extremes

11.4 Storms & Flooding

Threats: FireE

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iña


Threats: Habitat conversion, positive feedback with fire

2.1 Annual & Perennial Non-Timber Crops 2.2 Wood & Pulp Plantations 2.3 Livestock Farming & Ranching

2.1 Annual & Perennial Non-Timber Crops7.1 Fire & Fire Suppression


Threats: Resources extraction, related to accessibility

Source: Consejo Nacional de Áreas Protegidas

5.1 Hunting & Collecting Terrestrial Animals 5.2 Gathering Terrestrial Plants

5.3 Logging & Wood Harvesting 5.4 Fishing & Harvesting Aquatic Resources

Threats: Other factors

Source: Prensa Libre

Threats: Other factors

Source: Prensa Libre

Monitoring approach and tools: Field presence


Monitoring approach and tools: Field patrols and data collection

Between 2010-2014: 2,435 patrolls, 38,410 km patrolled


Monitoring approach and tools: Field patrols and data collection


Monitoring approach and tools: Overflights

Source: Centro de Monitoreo y Evaluación de CONAP, Wildlife Conservation Society, Lighthawk

Monitoring approach and tools: Remote sensing, GIS analysis, visualization, public reports


Chris Packham

Thank youGracias

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INTRODUCTION_MBR_GUATEMALA_3.pdf

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