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7/30/2019 Introductions, Paraphrasing, In-Text Citations (Project Two)
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The last few
things you
need to know
for your
researchpaper to be a
success.
INTRODUCTIONS,
PARAPHRASING,IN-TEXT CITATIONS
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Most importantly, your intro needs to introduce the material in
your paper in way that interests the reader. Make them want
to keep reading.
HOWEVERdont try so hard to write a flashy intro that you
neglect to actually set up your paper (aka your argument).
Per Writing Today, when we begin reading any text, we ask
ourselves some version of the following questionsso when
you start writing, you should keep them in mind:
What is this?
Why was this sent to me? (assigned, emailed, passed, etc.)
What is this writer trying to make me believe or do?
Is this important?
Do I care about this?
INTRODUCTIONS
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Your introduction should make use of the following moves
the first 3 moves should definitely be a part of your
introduction, although the order is up to you. 4 & 5 are up to
youif you think adding that kind of information will
strengthen your intro, then include it.1. Identify your topic. [What are you writing about?]
2. State your purpose. [Why are you writing about it?]
3. State your main point, thesis statement, or a question you will
answer. [What will you explain or prove?]
4. Offer background information on your topic.5. Stress the importance of the topic to your readers.
INTRODUCTIONS
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In this example from WT Ch. 19, the writer makes all 5 movesand youll
notice that this introduction is more than one paragraph. Yours can be
longer than one paragraph too.
7/30/2019 Introductions, Paraphrasing, In-Text Citations (Project Two)
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Grabbers/Hooks
Ask an interesting
question.
State a startling statistic.
Make a compelling
statement.
Begin with a quotation.
Use dialogue.
Address readers as you.
Leads
Scene setter
Anecdote
Case history
Personal sketch
INTRODUCTIONS: ATTENTION GRABBERS
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Conclusions, as you probably know, need to do a lot of the
same kind of work that an introduction must dobut this time
instead of introducing, your wrapping things up.
Conclusions should be short and succinctemphasize what
you really want your reader to take away from your researchpaper.
Conclusions should make use of a combination of the
following moves.
1. Signal clearly that you are concluding.
2. Restate your main point or thesis statement with added emphasis.
3. Stress the importance of your topic again.
4. Call your readers to action (if needed).
5. Look to the future.
BONUS: CONCLUSIONS
7/30/2019 Introductions, Paraphrasing, In-Text Citations (Project Two)
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Avoiding
plagiarism
PARAPHRASING
(& SUMMARIZING)
7/30/2019 Introductions, Paraphrasing, In-Text Citations (Project Two)
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Paraphrasing is not just res tating the text in your own words
if thats all youre tr ying to do you should probably just use a
direct quotation.
A good paraphrase explains and describes a portion of your
source text in your own words. That means you need not justsay the same thing in a different way, but integrate what the
author of your source is saying with your own argument. A
paraphrase should be used when you can directly bring your
own argument and the information in the source -text together
in a way that is useful to your argument.
WHAT IS PARAPHRASING?
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In a paraphrase any words or phrases that come directly from
your source text should be in quotation markswithin reason,
of course. You dont need to put common words in quotes, but
anything specific to that writer and his/her topic should be
quoted. For a good and bad example of paraphrasing see WT Ch . 26 p.
494-495.
PARAPHRASE CONTINUED
7/30/2019 Introductions, Paraphrasing, In-Text Citations (Project Two)
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If you have a significant source that you need to summarize inyour paper, you need to pay attention to the following:
The sources structure
Its tone, angle, or thesis
Its style
Its underlying values Its persuasive strategies
In general, if you want to summarize you should have somemain point or idea from your source that you want toemphasize.
When summarizing, as with paraphrasing, you want to avoidrelying too heavily on the sources original wording (unless youattribute the wording to the source).
For examples of summaries see WT Ch. 26 p 496 -497
SUMMARY
7/30/2019 Introductions, Paraphrasing, In-Text Citations (Project Two)
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IN-TEXT CITATIONS
7/30/2019 Introductions, Paraphrasing, In-Text Citations (Project Two)
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In MLA style (or any style, for that matter), you need to cite
your sources in your paper as you use themnot just on your
works cited page at the end.
Your in-text citations (parenthetical citations as WT calls
them), will refer your reader to your works cited page andensure that you avoid plagiarism by attributing all of the
information youve gotten from your sources to those sources .
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
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For a source with a known author and page numbers (even if
you got the source online), i n text citations are simple. At the
end of the material youve taken from your source (whether
thats a paraphrase or a quote), you include in parentheses
before the period (or before the rest of the sentence if youmove on to your own idea) the authors last name and the
page number on which the material appears.
IN-TEXT CITATION BASICS
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If you mention the author of your source by name in a sentence,you only need to include the page number in parentheses at theend of the sentence.
If you cite more than one source in a sentence, you may includeboth sources in a single parenthetical citation at the end,separated by a semi-colo n ex. (Irving 649; Elli s 375); or you caninclude the citations where they apply within the sentence. (seeWT Ch. 27 p. 506)
For an extended look at how to write parenthetical citations for avariety of sources, see W T Ch. 27 p. 508. The chart thereexplains how to cite things like multiple authors of one source,sources without authors, etc.
HOWEVER, please note: When you have a source without pagenumbers, i.e. a websiteyou do not need to invent page numbersor include paragraph numbers as the book describesjust putauthors name (or other as your source dictates) in theparenthetical citation.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS: BEYOND BASIC