IntroductiontoVedicAstronomy

8/7/2019 IntroductiontoVedicAstronomy

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Introduction to Vedic Astronomy (Source: http://esotericteaching.org/initiate/bhakti-vaibhava/jyotish/vedic-astronomy/404-introduction-to-vedic-astronomy )

An intuitive knowledge of astronomy is essential for aVedic astrologer. It is also helpful for newcomers toVedic astrology to conceptualize the astronomicalinformation abstracted in a Jyotish chart.

Vedic astrology or Jyotish is based on a detailedunderstanding of naked-eye observational astronomy. Acompetent Jyotishi should be able to understand andvisualize astronomical phenomena like the rotation of the earth and its revolution aroundthe sun, the equinoxes and other movements of the sun causing the seasons, solar andlunar eclipses, the concepts of solar and lunar months, the arrangement of the Zodiac and

movements of planets against thebackground of stars in the sky.

Astronomy is a highly developed subjectin Vedic culture. The Vedic astronomerswere able to observe and predict themovements of heavenly bodies with very

accurate timing without the use of modern instruments, computers or telescopes. Vedic astronomers used timemeasurements based on astronomicalobservations accurate to less than onehundredth of a second. They usedsophisticated astronomical instrumentslike the Jantar Mantar, shown here, to

observe heavenly bodies and calculate their present and future positions.

Geocentric Conception

Vedic astronomy and astrology consider the earth as the center, and all other heavenlybodies move around it. Vedic astronomy and astrology are thus geocentric, and notheliocentric (considering the Sun as the reference point) like Western astronomy andastrology.

Vedic astrologers are well aware that nothing in the universe is stationary. Therefore it isirrelevant to consider the movements of earth and other heavenly bodies in relation to an


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arbitrary fixed point, such as the sun. It is far more convenient and practical to simplyconsider the surface of the earth as the central point, and calculate the motions of thebodies of the universe from their actual observed positions in the sky.

In other words, Vedic astronomy

considers the position and movement of all heavenly bodies in relation to theearth. Vedic astronomy and astrologyconsider the earth as the center, and all

other heavenly bodies move around it. Vedicastronomy and astrology are thus geocentric, andnot heliocentric (considering the Sun as thereference point) like Western astronomy andastrology.

The Vedic sages certainly were not ignorant of Earths motion around the Sun. Vedic astronomy understands quite well that the Sun isthe center of the solar system. But the Earth, the other planets, the Sun and even the

Galaxy are all in constant relative motion. From which point do we measure all thismovement? We live on the Earth and see the universe from this vantage point; so for Vedic astronomy, the most practical and convenient fixed point is the pole star, currentlyPolaris or Dhruva-loka in Sanskrit.

The Zodiac The Zodiac is the path that the planets follow as theymove relative to the background of fixed stars. You canvisualize the Zodiac as a belt in the sky, about 18 degrees

of arc in width, running around the earth in an east-to-west direction. Several groups of fixed stars are studdedalong this imaginary belt, divided into groups calledRis and Nak atras.

The fixed stars are divided into two sets, one of twelvegroups and another of twenty-seven groups. The twelvegroups, based on the motion of the Sun are called Signs or Ris; the twenty-seven


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groups of stars are called Nak atras, stellar mansions or asterisms. This imaginary belt,with 12 Ris and 27 Nak atras ranged along on it, is called the Zodiac.

The Zodiac and its divisions of Ris and Nak atras is the reference for establishing theposition of any planet or star in the sky. Since it encircles the earth, it is comprised of 360

degrees. The twelve Ris each occupy 30 of arc along the Zodiac, and the twenty-sevenNak atras, being equal in size, each span 1320'.

The heavenly bodies called planets or Grahas move, generally from west to east, in frontof the background of the fixed Ris and Nak atras. The nameGraha(graha= Sanskritto catch hold of) derives from the fact that while moving against the background of theNak atras, they appear to get hold of one Nak atra after the other. Vedic astrologyrecognizes nineGrahas: Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn,RahuandKetu. Of course, the Sun is a star, the Moon is a satellite of the earth, andRahuandKetu are mathematical points on the Zodiac, but Vedic astronomy and astrology refer to all of them asGrahas. TheGrahas (appear to) revolve around the earth along the path of the

Zodiac.

The apparent path of the Sun along the Zodiac iscalled the ecliptic, because all eclipses occur along this line. The ecliptic passes through thecenter of the Zodiac, which is inclined at an angleof 2328' to the plane of the Earths equator.

The Geocentric Framework

The most basic Vedic astronomical concepts used inVedic astrology require an understanding of the earth, itsmovements, and the apparent movements of the planetsaround the earth. Putting all these in perspective is basicto visualizing the cosmic situation abstracted in anastrological chart.


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The earth is a sphere that rotates from west to east around its axis. The axis of the earth isan imaginary line which connects the northpole and the south pole, passing through itscenter. Another imaginary line running aroundthe largest circumference of the earth,

equidistant from its poles, in an east-westdirection is the equator. The terrestrial equator is considered as the zero degree of latitude.Parallels drawn to the equator, either north or south of it, indicate the north or southlatitudes, from zero degree at the equator to 90degrees at either pole.

Imaginary lines can also be drawn on thesurface of the earth connecting the north poleto the south pole. Encompassing the

circumference of the earth, these correspondto the 360 degrees of longitude. They are also known as the terrestrial meridians. Atpresent, the meridian passing through Greenwich in England is regarded as correspondingto zero degree of longitude.

The longitudes are marked from zero to 180 degrees east or west of Greenwich. Thecoordinates of latitude and the longitude locate places accurately on the surface of theearth. The 360 degrees of terrestrial longitude represent a time span of 24 hours, or onecomplete rotation of the Earth. One hour thus corresponds to 15 degrees of longitude, orone degree of longitude represents 4 minutes of time.

A great circle is any circle whose plane passes through the center of the earth. Theequator is a great circle on the earth, equidistant from the north and south poles. Anycircle on a sphere whose plane does not pass through the center of a sphere is called asmall circle. The equator is a great circle representing zero degrees latitude, and allparallels to it representing the north or south latitudes are small circles.

The meridian passing through Greenwich corresponds to zero degree of longitude, and istermed as the principal meridian or the standard meridian. The angular distance betweenthe Greenwich meridian and the meridian of a given place is called the longitude of aplace. Longitude can also be described as the angle between the principal meridian andthe meridian of a given place. The Sun crosses the meridian of any place at noon. Theintersection of the ecliptic (the sun's apparent path around the earth) with the meridian ofany place is called the zenith or midheaven.


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The extension of thecoordinates of latitude and longitude

into space and their projection on theZodiac is of primaryimportance to Vedicastronomy. Just asparallels of latitudeand meridians of longitude help tolocate a place on thesurface of theterrestrial sphere,

their extensions asparallels of declination andmeridians of rightascension help tolocate heavenlybodies on thecelestial sphere.

The space around theearth extends toinfinity. The Celestial

Sphere is an imaginary projection of the earthly coordinates of latitude and longitude intospace. The Celestial Sphere has the same components as the terrestrial coordinatesdescribed above. The projection of the terrestrial equator into space is called the celestialequator. Similarly the projection of the meridians of longitude join the celestial north andsouth poles of the Celestial Sphere, and the projections of the small circles of north andsouth latitude parallel the celestial equator, just as they do on Earth.

The declination or longitude of a planet or other object is the angle between its positionand the celestial equator. A planet at the terrestrial equator is said to possess zero degreedeclination. The declination of a planet thus corresponds exactly with the terrestriallatitude where it would be exactly overhead. The right ascension or latitude of a planet isthe angle, measured eastwards along the celestial equator, from the vernal equinox to thepoint where the objects meridian intersects the celestial equator.

The earth rotates once about its own axis every twenty-four hours. Along with thisrotation, it also revolves around the Sun in one year or 365.2422 days (365 days 5 hours48 minutes 46 seconds). This span of time is called a tropical year. The path of the eartharound the Sun appears from the earth as the Sun's path around the earth, and is called the


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ecliptic.

The equator runs around the middle of the earth, dividing it into northern and southernhemispheres. The ecliptic, or Sun's path, does not lie exactly along the equator, but isinclined to it. Half of the Suns path thus lies to the north of the equator, and a half of it to

the south of the equator. The Vedic sages were well aware of this. Aryabhatta wrote over fifteen centuries ago:

"One half of the ecliptic, running from the beginning of the Ri Aries to the end of the Ri Virgo, lies obliquely inclined (to the equator) northwards. The remaininghalf (of the ecliptic) running from the beginning of the Ri Libra to the end of the

Ri Pisces, lies (equallyinclined to the equator)southwards."

The Sun crosses the

equator twice a year,giving rise to twoequinoxes. The vernalequinox happens aroundMarch 21st, when the Suncrosses the equator on itsnortherly course. Theautumnal equinox occursaround September 23rdwhen the Sun is on itssoutherly course. On thesetwo days, the Sun isvertically above theequator and the day andnight are of equal duration

all over the globe. The declination of the Sun at equinox is zero, as the terrestrial equator represents zero degrees latitude.

After vernal equinox, the Sun moves progressively to the north until it reaches amaximum declination of 2328'. This occurs around June 21st and is known as thesummer solstice. The northern hemisphere experiences the longest day and the shortestnight of the year on this occasion, when the Sun is directly above the tropic of Cancer.The reverse holds true for the southern hemisphere.

After the autumnal equinox, the Sun pursues a southward course. It attains a maximumsouthern declination of 2328' at the winter solstice around December 22nd when it isvertically above the tropic of Capricorn. The northern hemisphere experiences theshortest day and the longest night of the year on this occasion. The reverse holds true forthe southern hemisphere. The obliquity of the ecliptic to the equator thus causes theseasons. When it is winter in the northern hemisphere, it is summer in the southern


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hemisphere. When it issummer in the northernhemisphere, it is winter in the southernhemisphere.

The horizon is thegreat circle at themeeting of the earthand the sky. It variesaccording to theposition of theobserver on the surfaceof the earth. For example, for anobserver at the north

pole of the earth, thehorizon correspondswith the equator whilethe southernhemisphere remainsout of view. For onestanding at the equator,the great circle passing

through the poles represents the horizon; the two poles lie on the horizon in this case. For any intermediate positions, the horizon too varies accordingly. More and more of thesouthern hemisphere moves out of the horizon as the observer moves northward, andmore and more northern hemisphere moves out of the horizon as the observer movessouthward.

The point of the celestial sphere which is directly overhead for the observer iscalled as the zenith. This is at right angles to the observer's horizon. Its oppositepoint is known as the nadir. The great Circle that passes in a north-south directionthrough the zenith and the nadir, through the celestial north and south poles (i.e.,the north and south poles of the equator) and through the north and south points of the horizon is called the meridian which has been already referred to.

Ris and Nak atras When the Zodiac is divided into twelve equal parts, eachpart extends over 30 degrees of arc. Such a division iscalled an astrological sign or Ri. A Ri consists of twoand a quarter Nak atras. A particular group of stars in theZodiac is considered as the starting point of the Zodiacand the twenty-seven Nak atras and the twelve Ris


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begin from this point. A planet located along the Zodiac is located in a particular Ri,according to which division of the Zodiac it is in; it is also located in a particular Nak atra, depending upon which twenty-seventh division of the Zodiac it is in.

The planets from the Sun to Saturn have been allotted the ownership of these Ris.

While the Sun and the Moon own one Ri each, the remaining planets own two Riseach.Rahuand Ketuare not given ownership of Ris because as shadow planets theyhave no physical forms. The names of the twelve Ris and the twenty-seven Nak atras,and their extent in the Zodiac, etc., are given in the Tables below.


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A segment of the Zodiac extending from 640'0" to 1053'20" of Makara Ri, involvingthe last quarter of Uttarashadha, the twenty-first Nak atra and the beginning of Shravana,the twenty-second Nak atra, is sometimes considered as a separate Nak atra by the nameAbhijit. This addition increases the total number of Nak atras to twenty-eight. In thissituation, Abhijit is considered the twenty-second Nak atra, and the subsequent

Nak atras from Shravana onwards change numbers from 23 to 28, instead of 22 to 27.

The Rising and setting of the Ris Written by David Bruce Hughes

The earth rotates around its axis from west to east onceevery twenty-four hours. Therefore, the entire sky,including the Zodiac, with its fixed Ris and Nak atras,appears to revolve around the earth from east to westevery twenty-four hours. Thus all the Ris andNak atras of the Zodiac appear to rise on the easternhorizon and set on the western horizon in the course of every day.

The eclipticpasses throughthe center of the belt of theZodiac, whichextends 9 oneither side.The planetsmove withinthe limits of the Zodiac.The earthrotates around

its axis fromwest to eastonce every

twenty-four hours.

Therefore, theentire sky,including the


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Zodiac, with its fixed Ris and Nak atras, appears to revolve around the earth from eastto west every twenty-four hours. Thus all the Ris and Nak atras of the Zodiac appear torise on the eastern horizon and set on the western horizon in the course of every day. Sixof the twelve Ris appear on the eastern horizon during the day, and the other six duringthe night. At any particular time, six of the twelve Ris and half of the Nak atras appear

in the sky above the horizon, and the other six are invisible below the horizon.

The Ri rising on theeastern horizon at themoment of birth is of primary importance; itis called the RisingSign, Ascendant or Lagna. The seventh

Ri from Lagna is theDescendant or settingRi. That is, when aparticular Ri isrising in the easternhorizon, its oppositeRi is setting in thewestern horizon. TheDescendant is alwaysthe seventh house of ahoroscope.


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The points where the meridianintersects the ecliptic are the MediumCoeli (above the horizon, in thesouthern sky) and the Imum Coeli

(below the horizon, exactly oppositeto the Medium Coeli). At any locationon the earth, the zenith is directlyoverhead and the nadir is straightdown, exactly opposite to the zenith.The zenith or midheaven and theMedium Coeli are located in the tenthhouse in a horoscope, while the nadir


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and the Imum Coeli are in thefourth house.

Sidereal Time The earth rotates around its axisin 24 hours; this is called a mean

solar day. A sidereal day is 3 minutes and 56 seconds, or roughly 4 minutes shorter thanthe mean solar day. Why is the mean solar day longer than the sidereal day?

The earth rotates around its axis in 24 hours; this is called a mean solar day. From noonto noon is exactly 24 hours. In other words, the mean solar day is the time interval of earth's rotation in relation to the Sun. However, the earth completes one rotation withreference to any fixed star in the Zodiac in exactly 23 hours, 56 minutes, 4.09 seconds, tobe precise. One rotation of the earth in relation to a fixed star is called a sidereal day. Inother words, a sidereal day is the time interval between two successive transits of a fixedstar over the meridian of a place. A sidereal day is 3 minutes and 56 seconds, or roughly4 minutes shorter than the mean solar day.

Why is the mean solar day longer than the sidereal day? By the time the earth rotatesonce with reference to a fixed star, i.e., in one sidereal day, the Sun has moved byapproximately 1 further along the Zodiac. In order for the earth to achieve the sameposition with reference to the Sun, it has to rotate an extra 1 thereby consumingapproximately 4 additional minutes each day.

A sidereal day consists of 24 sidereal hours. Time reckoned according to this method iscalled the sidereal time. Since the sidereal time considers the angular rotation of the earthin relation to the fixed stars of the Zodiac, the earth will attain the same position with

reference to the Zodiac every day at the same sidereal time. In other words, for anylocation, for the same sidereal time, the disposition of the Ris of the Zodiac (includingthe rising Ri, the setting Ri, the tenth house, the 4th house, etc.) will be the same.This is the reason why it is essential to obtain the correct sidereal time for the purposes of erecting an astrological chart for any given moment of mean solar time as provided bythe watch.


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Vedic Time Units The Vedic seers used an elaborate method of reckoningtime. They combined genius with religion so that it

appeals to the intellectual and the devotee alike.There were several systems of time units for differentpurposes.Time is fundamental to all science. All differentbranches of knowledge and phenomena are under thesupreme control of kla , the plenary representation of theSupreme Personality of Godhead as eternal time. Nothingexists without Him, and therefore everything, however wonderful it may appear to our meager knowledge, is butthe work of the magical time potency of the SupremeLord. The astrological signs represent the bodily parts of His celestial form, called the

Kala-purua. So ultimately all aspects of time are but different manifestations of theLord.


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The Vedic seers had an elaborate method of reckoning time. They combined genius withreligion so that it appeals to the intellectual and the devotee alike. The Vedic sages hadmany units and systems of time measurement according to the particular application. The

following table compares some Vedic units of time withtheir Western equivalents. On the right is a logarithmicgraph comparing the duration of various units of time.

The Vedic sages also had a complete set of angular measurements, even finer than our Western units:


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Precession of the Equinoxes

The vernal equinox moves westward at a rate of approximately 50.26 seconds of arc each year. Thisprecession causes a slow increase in the right ascensionof the Zodiac. This precession takes 25,800 years tocomplete one circle. That Vedic Astrology takes thisgradual precession into account is the principal differencebetween it and Western astrology.

The earth revolves around

the Sun once in 365 days,5 hours, 48 minutes and46 seconds. Consideredfrom the earth, the Sunappears to complete oneround of the eclipticduring this period, whichis called a tropical year.The earth regains itsoriginal angular positionwith the Sun in the span

of a tropical year. A tropical year is also called a year of seasons, since occurrence andtiming of the seasons depend on this annual Earth-Sun cycle. If we consider therevolution of the Sun around the earth from one vernal equinox (around March 21st,when the day and night all over the globe are equal) to the next, it takes exactly onetropical year.

However, if we consider the position of the earth with reference to a fixed star of theZodiac such as first degree of Mea (Aries) or the end of Revati Nak atra, at the end of a


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tropical year the earth appears to lie some 50.26 seconds of celestial longitude to the westof its original position. In order for the earth to attain the same position with respect to afixed star after one revolution, it takes a time span of 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes and9.5 seconds. This duration of time is called a sidereal year. The sidereal year is just over 20 minutes longer than the tropical year; this time difference is equivalent to 50.26

seconds of celestial longitude. The difference between the tropical year and the siderealyear is similar to the difference between the solar day and the sidereal day. Each year, theVernal equinox will fall short by 50.26 seconds along the Zodiac reckoned along thefixed stars. This continuous receding of the Vernal equinox along the Zodiac is called theprecession of equinoxes .

Cause of the precession: The earth rotates around its axis like a spinning top. In doing so,its north pole (and, therefore, the celestial pole), describes a circle of some 47 degreesaround the pole of the ecliptic. In other words, the point where the plane of the equator intersects the plane of the ecliptic is constantly shifting. This point, 0 Aries or the VernalEquinox, moves westward at approximately 50.26 seconds of arc each year. This is called

the precession of the equinoxes. The result of this precession is a slow increase in theright ascensions of the Zodiac. This precession takes 25,800 years to complete one circle.An appreciation of this precession is of great importance in understanding the basicconcepts of Vedic astrology.

Fixed and Movable Zodiacs: The fixed or the sidereal Zodiac considers the Nak atrasas its basis. Its first degree begins as thefirst degree of Mea (Aries) from a

particular point in the Revati Nak atra.There is another Zodiac, however, which isreckoned from the Vernal equinoctial point;

here the first point of Aries begins from theVernal equinox. This is called the movableor the tropical Zodiac. As has been seen,the movable Zodiac continues to recedewestward along the stars whichcharacterize the fixed Zodiac.

Because of the precession of equinoxes, thedistance between the Vernal Equinox (the1st point of the movable Zodiac) and the1st point of Mea (Aries) on the fixedZodiac has been progressively increasing ata rate of 50.26 seconds per year. Thisdistance at any given time is called as the


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Ayanama, the difference between the fixed and movable Zodiac. The system thatconsiders the fixed Zodiac is called the Niryaa (withoutayana or movement) system,while the one that considers the movable Zodiac is called the ayana (withayana )system. The Nirya values of planetary longitudes can be obtained by subtracting theAyanama for a given time from the ayana longitudes.

The Nirya and the ayana Zodiacs coincided in the year 285 AD when the Ayanamawas zero. At the rate of precession of equinoxes stated above, the Ayanama on the 1st of January, 1995 is 2347'26". The equinoctial precession completes one round inapproximately 26,000 years, as mentioned earlier, so that the fixed and movable Zodiacscoincide regularly after this time span. The Ayanama reckoned on the basis of considering the year 285 AD as the year when the ayana and the Nirya Zodiacscoincided is called the Citrapak a Ayanama.

Visualizing a Chart Using Stellarium

Here is something really cool that you can do to visualizethe way the sky looked at the time of someone's chart.We use theStellariumplanetarium software to generate apicture of the sky at the time and place of Uddhava'sbirth, and then compare this with what we would expectto see from his chart.

First of all, here is Uddhava's birth chart:


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As you can see, the Lagna is in Dhanuh (Sagittarius). So we would expect to seeeverything from 13 Dhanuh to 13 Karkata (Cancer) below the horizon, and the other side above horizon. If we take this chart and turn it so that the Lagna is on the eastern

horizon, we get this:

Now we set up the Stellariumfor his birth time and location,and after adjusting theprojection, we get this:

We are looking toward the

north. The green tinted area isbelow horizon, and the thinorange line is the ecliptic. Thedeclination lines, spaced everyhour of right ascension (15),converge on the north celestialpole. You can see the planetsexactly in the positions wewould expect them to be fromthe chart.

This is why I prefer the Southern format for charts: it gives you an accurate picture of thesky from the point of view of standing on the earth, facing north. The square form makes


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it very easy to notice angles, Drsti and Argala. The Northern and Western charts put youin a spaceship flying over the Solar System. ButParasaraclearly says that we use theearth-centric view because that is our observing point and also where the effects are felt.It's intuitive, and makes an old star-gazer like me feel right at home.

Effects of the Ris in Various Bhavas BPHS Chapter 46 Slokas 131-154

Effects of Kla Cakra Da of the Ris in Lagna and other Bhavas:

131-132. In the Kla Cakra Da of the Ri in Lagna the body remains healthy and thenative spends a life with many kinds of comforts. If the Lagna Ri is a benefic one, thegood effects are realized fully. If the Lagna Ri is a malefic Ri, there is likelihood of ill health. If a Graha in exaltation, or in its own Ri occupies Lagna, the native is

respected by the king or government and acquires wealth.133-134. In the Cakra Da of the Ri in Dhana the native receives good food, enjoyshappiness of wife and children, gains wealth, achieves progress in the educational sphere,becomes a clever conversationalist and moves in good society. If the Ri be a benefic,good effects are realized in full, otherwise the effects would be of a mixed nature.

135-136. Happiness from co-borns, Di, patience, comforts, acquisition of gold,ornaments and clothes and recognition by the king, or government, are the effects in theKla Cakra Da of the Ri in Sahaja. If the Ri is a benefic, the good results arerealized in full, otherwise adverse effects may also be experienced.

137-138. Good relations with kinsmen, acquisition of land, houses, or a kingdom,conveyances and clothes and enjoyment of sound health, are the effects of the CakraDa of the Ri in Bandhu. If the Ri is a benefic one, the good effects are realized infull. If it is a malefic Ri, adverse results are also experienced.

139-140. Being blessed with wife and children, favours from Government, enjoyment of sound health, good relations with friends, achievement of fame, good progress in theeducational sphere, patience and Di are the effects of the Cakra Da of the Ri inPutra. If the Ri is a benefic one, the good results are enjoyed in full. If the Ri is amalefic one, adverse effects are also experienced.

141-142. Danger from the king, fire and weapons and the possibility of suffering fromdiabetes, Gulma and jaundice are the effects in the Cakra Da of the Ri in Ari. If theRi is a malefic one, the above adverse effects will be experienced in full. There will besome mitigation of the evil effects in the case of a benefic Ri.

143-144. Marriage, conjugal happiness, being blessed with children, gain of agriculturalproducts, cows and clothes, favours and recognition from the king and achievement of


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fame, are the effects in the Cakra Da of the Ri in Yuvati. The beneficial results willbe experienced in full, if the Ri is a benefic one. Meagre good effects will be realized inthe case of a malefic Ri.

145-146. Destruction of a residential house, distress, loss of wealth, poverty and danger

from enemies are the effects of the Cakra Da of the Ri in Randhra. The adverseeffects will be realized in full, if the Ri is a malefic one. Some mitigation in evil effectsmay be expected in the case of a benefic Ri.

147-148. Felicity in respect of wife, children, house, agricultural activities, performanceof good and pious deeds, progress in religious inclinations and privilege of moving in thesociety of great religious leaders, are the effects in Chakra Dasa of the sign in the ninthhouse (Dharma Bhava). These of a benefic sign. Very meager good effects will beexperienced in the event of the sign being a malefic one.

149-150. Acquisition of kingdom, recognition from the king, happiness from wife and

children, success in ventures and performance of pious deeds are the effects in the chakradasa of the sign in the 10th house. The good results will be realized in full in case of abenefic sign. If it is a malefic sign, the good effects will be few.

151 - 152. Felicity from wife, children and kinsmen, receipt of favors from government,acquisition of wealth and clothes and association with good people, are the effects in theChakra Dasa of the sign in the eleventh house (Labha Bhava). The good effects will beenjoyed in full in the case of a benefic sign. Very little good will happen in the sign be amalefic one.

153 - 154. Failure in efforts and ventures, pain in the body, loss of position, poverty andunnecessary expenditures are the effects in the Kalachakra Dasa of the sign in the twelfthhouse (Vyaya Bhava). The adverse effects will be experienced in full in the case of amalefic sign. Some good may happen if the sign be a benefic.

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