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Introductory Questions: Hinduism Where did Hinduism originate? Where did Hinduism originate?...

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Page 1: Introductory Questions: Hinduism Where did Hinduism originate? Where did Hinduism originate? Hinduism is considered a major world religion. Why do you.
Page 2: Introductory Questions: Hinduism Where did Hinduism originate? Where did Hinduism originate? Hinduism is considered a major world religion. Why do you.

Introductory Introductory Questions: HinduismQuestions: Hinduism

• Where did Hinduism originate?Where did Hinduism originate?

• Hinduism is considered a major world Hinduism is considered a major world religion. Why do you think this is?religion. Why do you think this is?

• Is Hinduism polytheistic or Is Hinduism polytheistic or monotheistic?monotheistic?

Page 3: Introductory Questions: Hinduism Where did Hinduism originate? Where did Hinduism originate? Hinduism is considered a major world religion. Why do you.

Basics of HinduismBasics of Hinduism• Originated in IndiaOriginated in India

• Dates back to 1500 BCE Dates back to 1500 BCE and many consider it the and many consider it the oldest religion in the worldoldest religion in the world

• Third largest religion (# of Third largest religion (# of adherents)adherents)

• Practiced by 80% of India’s Practiced by 80% of India’s inhabitantsinhabitants

• Derivative of word Hindu is Derivative of word Hindu is the geographical term the geographical term (Sindu River or Indus (Sindu River or Indus Valley)Valley)

Page 4: Introductory Questions: Hinduism Where did Hinduism originate? Where did Hinduism originate? Hinduism is considered a major world religion. Why do you.

Indus ValleyIndus Valley• 4000 – 2200 BCE4000 – 2200 BCE• Built houses for Built houses for

worshipworship• Stone sculptures Stone sculptures

and charms to and charms to ward off evilward off evil

• Fire altars & Fire altars & animal sacrificesanimal sacrifices

Aryans Aryans • 1500 BCE1500 BCE• Poems and ritual Poems and ritual

texts called VEDAS texts called VEDAS (early sacred (early sacred writings)writings)

• Rig Veda – Rig Veda – the oldest the oldest of the Sacred Texts of the Sacred Texts

• Agni - Agni - worshipped worshipped forces of nature as forces of nature as godsgods

• Atman - Atman - human soulhuman soul

Page 5: Introductory Questions: Hinduism Where did Hinduism originate? Where did Hinduism originate? Hinduism is considered a major world religion. Why do you.

VEDASVEDAS• Composed in Sanskrit Composed in Sanskrit • Vedas literally means literally means

“knowledge““knowledge“• Vedas called “Vedas called “Shruti”Shruti” by by

the Hindus the Hindus • RIG VEDA RIG VEDA • Upanishads – mystical Upanishads – mystical

texts on human existencetexts on human existence

EPICSEPICS• Ramayana – Hindu Epic of Ramayana – Hindu Epic of

about 24000 verses about 24000 verses including hero story of including hero story of RamaRama

• Mahabharata and Mahabharata and Bhagavad GitaBhagavad Gita

Legal CodesLegal Codes• Laws of ManuLaws of Manu

Page 6: Introductory Questions: Hinduism Where did Hinduism originate? Where did Hinduism originate? Hinduism is considered a major world religion. Why do you.

Hindu Beliefs & DeitiesHindu Beliefs & Deities

Categorizing the religion of Hinduism is somewhat confusing: Categorizing the religion of Hinduism is somewhat confusing:

• POLYTHEISTICPOLYTHEISTIC= worships multiple deities: gods and = worships multiple deities: gods and goddessesgoddesses

• MONOTHEISTICMONOTHEISTIC = it recognizes only one supreme God: the = it recognizes only one supreme God: the panentheistic principle of panentheistic principle of BrahmanBrahman, that all reality is a unity. , that all reality is a unity. The entire universe is seen as one divine entity who is The entire universe is seen as one divine entity who is simultaneously at one with the universe and who transcends simultaneously at one with the universe and who transcends it as wellit as well

• TRINITARIANTRINITARIAN= Brahman is simultaneously visualized as a = Brahman is simultaneously visualized as a triad -- one God with three persons: triad -- one God with three persons: BrahmaBrahma (the Creator) (the Creator) Vishnu (Vishnu (the Preserver, the Preserver, Shiva (Shiva (the Destroyer)the Destroyer)

• HENOTHEISTICHENOTHEISTIC= = recognize a single deity, and recognizes recognize a single deity, and recognizes other gods and goddesses as facets, forms, manifestations, or other gods and goddesses as facets, forms, manifestations, or aspects of that supreme Godaspects of that supreme God

Page 7: Introductory Questions: Hinduism Where did Hinduism originate? Where did Hinduism originate? Hinduism is considered a major world religion. Why do you.

Brahman

Brahma(Saraswati)

Shiva(Parvati)

Vishnu(Lakshmi)

Creator DestroyerPreserver

-is the supreme being-entity without form or quality-soul of universe-divine, invisible, unlimited

Page 8: Introductory Questions: Hinduism Where did Hinduism originate? Where did Hinduism originate? Hinduism is considered a major world religion. Why do you.

• Son of Shiva and ParvatiSon of Shiva and Parvati

• Human body and an Human body and an elephant’s head with only elephant’s head with only one short tuskone short tusk

• Worshipped as the Worshipped as the remover of all obstaclesremover of all obstacles

• Milk Miracle – Sept. 25, Milk Miracle – Sept. 25, 19951995

Page 9: Introductory Questions: Hinduism Where did Hinduism originate? Where did Hinduism originate? Hinduism is considered a major world religion. Why do you.

Vishnu has many AVATARS (incarnations)who appear on earth as humans or animals to conquer evil and establish righteousness

7th- Rama8th- Krishna9th- Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)

Page 10: Introductory Questions: Hinduism Where did Hinduism originate? Where did Hinduism originate? Hinduism is considered a major world religion. Why do you.

The ultimate aim of all Hindu thoughts The ultimate aim of all Hindu thoughts is to attain the universal soul or divine is to attain the universal soul or divine wisdom called Brahmanwisdom called Brahman

Hindu’s believe in the freedom to individually Hindu’s believe in the freedom to individually worship and guide own spiritual experience. worship and guide own spiritual experience.

The goals of Hinduism consist of personal The goals of Hinduism consist of personal conduct and righteous living which equals to conduct and righteous living which equals to dharmadharma

Goal to achieve moksha, (liberation) Goal to achieve moksha, (liberation) from endless cycle of rebirths called from endless cycle of rebirths called Samsara and reunite atman with Samsara and reunite atman with BrahmanBrahman

Page 11: Introductory Questions: Hinduism Where did Hinduism originate? Where did Hinduism originate? Hinduism is considered a major world religion. Why do you.

• MAYAMAYA= all forms of existence are = all forms of existence are temporary and illusionarytemporary and illusionary

• SAMSARASAMSARA = endless cycle of reincarnation = endless cycle of reincarnation

• KARMAKARMA = Basic belief of cause and effect = Basic belief of cause and effect (all actions have a consequence)(all actions have a consequence)

• DHARMADHARMA =personal conduct and righteous =personal conduct and righteous livingliving

• MOKSHAMOKSHA= the liberation from samsara and = the liberation from samsara and the uniting of the uniting of ATMANATMAN (human soul) with (human soul) with Brahman (ultimate soul)Brahman (ultimate soul)

Page 12: Introductory Questions: Hinduism Where did Hinduism originate? Where did Hinduism originate? Hinduism is considered a major world religion. Why do you.
Page 13: Introductory Questions: Hinduism Where did Hinduism originate? Where did Hinduism originate? Hinduism is considered a major world religion. Why do you.

– ॐ । असतो� मा सद्गमाय । तोमास� मा ज्य�तितोर्ग�माय । मा�त्य�मा�मा�तो� र्गमाय ।।ॐ । असतो� मा सद्गमाय । तोमास� मा ज्य�तितोर्ग�माय । मा�त्य�मा�मा�तो� र्गमाय ।। – OMOM Asato mā sadgamaya, tamaso mā jyotirgamaya, Asato mā sadgamaya, tamaso mā jyotirgamaya,

mrityormāmritam gamayamrityormāmritam gamaya – "OM (Lead me) from falsehood to truth, from darkness to "OM (Lead me) from falsehood to truth, from darkness to

light, from death to immortality."light, from death to immortality."

• AumAum (also (also OmOm, , ॐॐ) is the most sacred syllable in ) is the most sacred syllable in Hinduism and VedasHinduism and Vedas

• Used in meditation and prayer as sound gives Used in meditation and prayer as sound gives supernatural powersupernatural power

• Represents the original sound of creationRepresents the original sound of creation• To chant “om” will steady and elevate the mindTo chant “om” will steady and elevate the mind

Page 14: Introductory Questions: Hinduism Where did Hinduism originate? Where did Hinduism originate? Hinduism is considered a major world religion. Why do you.

• Good luck symbol Good luck symbol representing “well representing “well being”being”

• Usually illustrated in redUsually illustrated in red

• Used on wedding Used on wedding invitations, drawingsinvitations, drawings

• Used in rituals to bring Used in rituals to bring good luck and protect good luck and protect against evilagainst evil

Page 15: Introductory Questions: Hinduism Where did Hinduism originate? Where did Hinduism originate? Hinduism is considered a major world religion. Why do you.

•4 Paths to 4 Paths to SalvationSalvation

•4 Stages of Life4 Stages of Life•4 Goals of Life 4 Goals of Life •Caste SystemCaste System•PujaPuja•UpanayanaUpanayana

•Vegetarianism Vegetarianism “holy cow”“holy cow”

•Arranged MarriagesArranged Marriages•Diwali – Diwali – Festival of LightsFestival of Lights

•Ahimsa – Ahimsa – non-violencenon-violence

•Yoga – Yoga – philosophy and philosophy and exercise together – very exercise together – very spiritualspiritual

Page 16: Introductory Questions: Hinduism Where did Hinduism originate? Where did Hinduism originate? Hinduism is considered a major world religion. Why do you.

• Best known Hindu in worldBest known Hindu in world• Fought to end discrimination Fought to end discrimination

against Indians in South against Indians in South AfricaAfrica

• Tolerant of all religionsTolerant of all religions• Religious ideals on duty, Religious ideals on duty,

truth, non-violence (ahimsa) truth, non-violence (ahimsa) and spiritual liberation and spiritual liberation (moksha)(moksha)

• Negotiated independence of Negotiated independence of India in 1947India in 1947

• Opposed social injustice of Opposed social injustice of Hindu society (ie. Hindu society (ie. untouchables)untouchables)

• Assassinated in 1948 Assassinated in 1948


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