IntroSoc 04 Slide

8/7/2019 IntroSoc 04 Slide

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Prologue Headlines...

Headlines...

Congress Passes $51.8B Katrina Relief Bill (AP)New Orleans Begins Confiscating Firearms as Water Recedes (NYT)

FBI: Katrina donors beware: many of the Internet sites purporting tobe charities appear to be fraudulent (CNN)

Schwarzenegger Vows To Veto Same-Sex Marriage Bill (LA Times)

Mubarak Wins Egypt Election (WP)

Changhwan Kim (UT-Austin) SOC302 Origin of Sociology Sep 9, 2005 1 / 17
http://find/http://goback/


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Prologue Previously In Class

Previously In Class...

Durkheim: Father of Sociology, Comparative Methods, Anomie,Three types of suicide

Social Structure:

Society: Geographic, Cultural, and Political elementsFormation of Society: Top-down, Bottom-upHierarchy of Social Structure:

Culture>

Institutions>

Organizations>

Groups>

Status/RoleStatus/Role, Ascribed Status, Achieved Status



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Prologue Previously In Class

SOC302

Origin of Sociology

Changhwan Kim

UT-Austin

Sep 9, 2005



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Origin of Sociology Historical Background

Historical Background

Birth of Sociology

Relatively young. Less than 200 years old

Historical Background

Industrial Revolution

French Revolution / American Revolution

Philosophy of Enlightenment


O i i f S i l E i Ch


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Origin of Sociology Economic Change

Economic Change

Turmoil of Industrial Revolution

from Feudalism to Capitalism, Imperialism

from Agriculture to Manufacturing

from Farm to City (Urbanization, enclosure movement)

from Peasant to Laborer

from Family to Factory


O i i f S i l P liti l Ch


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Origin of Sociology Political Change

Political Change


from Monarchism to Republic

Appearance of Imperialism / Colonialism




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Political Change


from Monarchism to Republic

Appearance of Imperialism / Colonialism

Change of Political Value

- Less concern with peoples moral obligation to God and to political rulers- and More focus on pursuing ones own self-interest: Individual libertyand Individual rights


Origin of Sociology Scientific Thinking


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Scientific Thinking

Development of Natural Science

Philosophy of Enlightenment:

Skepticism, CriticismKnowledge against church

John Locke: ideas are not innate in the human mind, empiricism




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Scientific Thinking

Development of Natural Science

Philosophy of Enlightenment:

Skepticism, CriticismKnowledge against church

John Locke: ideas are not innate in the human mind, empiricism

Change of Ways of Thinking

- from Religion to Science- from Intuitionism to Rationalism




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Francisco Goya, 1814, The Third of May 1808


First mission of sociology First mission of sociology


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gy gy

First mission of sociology

Situation?




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gy gy


Situation?Chaos




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gy gy


Situation?Chaos

Chaos! What do you want to bring in?




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Situation?Chaos


Law and OrderBest way to enforce law and order is...




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Situation?Chaos



But, Problem...




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Situation?Chaos



But, Problem...No established value or norm. Whose law and whose order?People refuse king, monarchy, lord.Anomie.




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Situation?Chaos




So, we need sociology!




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Situation?Chaos




So, we need sociology!

What and How?Establish/preserve new social orderFacilitate social changesSolve social conflicts


Early Scholars Early Scholars


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Early Scholars:

Saint-Simon

Auguste Comte

Herbert Spencer


Early Scholars Saint-Simon


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Saint-Simon

Saint-Simon (1760-1825)

a founder of socialism (utopian socialism)




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Saint-Simon



His Goal: To create a new and organic social order based upon the

new principles




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Saint-Simon




new principlesHistorical development of human society:theological metaphysical scientific




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Saint-Simon




new principlesHistorical development of human society:theological metaphysical scientific

social physiology: the study of human conduct

New natural elite: Society ruled by scientistOnly Science can reconcile the interests of classes.


Early Scholars Comte and Positivism


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Comte and Positivism

Auguste Comte (1798-1857)




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Comtes Q: What creates social order instead of chaos?




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Comtes A: Right way to answer this question is to apply the scientificmethod to social life

positivism: a way of understanding based on science

Sociology guides social reform. (Social Intervention)Conserve not the status quo ante but the status quo - that is,middle-class society




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Namer of sociology: scientific study of society

sociology = socius: being with others + logos: study of

the founder of sociology




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Namer of sociology: scientific study of society

sociology = socius: being with others + logos: study of

the founder of sociology

Sociology is the product of historical development

theological stage metaphysical stage scientific stageMiddle Age Renaissance Modern


Early Scholars Spencer and Social Darwinism

S S


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Spencer and Social Darwinism

Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)

Second founder of Sociology



S d S i l D i i


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Social Darwinism: from lower (barbarian) to higher (civilized)

forms



S d S i l D i i


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Social Darwinism: from lower (barbarian) to higher (civilized)

formsThe Survival of the Fittest: As generation pass, the most capableand intelligent members of a society survive. Thus, over time,societies steadily improve.

No social intervention. The fittest members didnt need any help.Conservative Ideas


Early Scholars Comte & Spencer versus Durkheim

C t & S D kh i


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Comte & Spencer versus Durkheim

Comte & Spencer

Social philosophers. Develop Ideas, not conduct scientific studies.

Founders of Sociology

Durkheim

First sociologists who did scientific empirical studies.Father of Sociology


And... American Sociology

A i S i l


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American Sociology

1st sociology class: Yale 1876 William Graham

1st sociology department: 1892 University of Chicago

2005: 100th anniversary of ASA (American Sociological Association)


And... Next Week: Development of Sociological Theory

D l t f S i l i l Th


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Development of Sociological Theory

Structural Functionalism

Conflict Theories

Symbolic Interactionism


And... Epilogue

Epilogue


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Epilogue

Go Longhorns!


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