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CSD 2230

HUMAN COMMUNICATION

DISORDERS

Topic 1

Introduction to CommunicationDisorders and the Professions of

Speech Language Pathology and

Audiology

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Human CommunicationCommunication is

fundamental to our

humanness

We cant NOT

communicate

Communication styles can

vary with cultural

identity, setting and

participants--but the

end result is the same

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Means of CommunicationLanguage is the primary

vehicle of humancommunication

Language can be defined as asocially shared code orconventional system for

representing conceptsthrough the use of arbitrarysymbols and rule-governedcombinations of thosesymbols

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Characteristics of Language

Socially shared

Conventionalsystem

Arbitrary symbols

Rule-governed

Generative

Dynamic

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Common Components of All

LanguagesForm (Segmental aspects)

The sound system (Phonology)

The word structure (Morphology)

The sentence structure (Syntax)

Content

Meaning (Semantics)

Use Reason (Pragmatics)

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Speech

One modality for language

Speech may be defined asspoken language

Additional meaning is

conveyed by

suprasegmental

aspects of speech

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Suprasegmental Features of

Speech

Voice qualityLoudness/Stress

Rate and Rhythm

Pitch and Intonation

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Nonverbal Communication

The suprasegmental

aspects of speechand nonvocal

message exchanges

inherent with

communication

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Communication Impairment

an impairment in the ability to receive,send, process, and comprehend

concepts of verbal, nonverbal, and

graphic symbol systems

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A Classification System of

Communication Disorders

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Major Disorders of Human

CommunicationHearing Disorders

the result of impaired auditorysensitivity of the

physiological auditory

system

Deaf vs Hard of Hearing

Central Auditory Processing

Disorder

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Major Disorders of Human

Communication

Speech Disorders

Articulation disorders

Neuromotor disorders

Dysarthria and

Apraxia

Voice Disorders

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Major Disorders of Human

Communication Language Disorders

Disorders of Form Phonological errors

Morphological errors

Errors of syntax

Disorders of Use Semantic difficulties

Vocabulary problems Word finding difficulty

Disorders of function pragmatics

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How Common are

Communication Disorders? Incidence vs prevalence

17% of total US population has some

kind of communication disorder 11% have a hearing loss

6% have some kind of speech, voice, or

language disorder Prevalence may be higher or lower with

specific age groups or gender

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Professionals HelpingIndividuals with

Communication DisordersSpeech Language Pathologists

Professionals who identify, assess,treat, and prevent speech and

language disorders bothreceptively and expressively in allmodalities

Most SLPs are certified by theAmerican Speech LanguageHearing Association, have amasters or Ph.D. degree, and arelicensed to practice in the statethey work

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Professionals HelpingIndividuals with

Communication DisordersAudiologists

Specialists who measure hearing abilityand identify, assess, manage, and

prevent disorders of hearing andbalance

Most audiologists are certified by theAmerican Speech Language HearingAssociation, have a masters or Ph.D.

degree, and are licensed to practice inthe state they work

By 2012 the doctorate will be the minimalentry-level qualification for audiologists

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Other Members of the Team Teachers

Psychologists

Social Workers Occupational and

Physical Therapists

Pediatricians,

Psychiatrists, Dentists,Otolaryngologists,

Neurologists

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The Profession of SpeechLanguage Pathology and

Audiology1. Undergraduate degree in Communication Disorders that

includes general (liberal education) study, basic science

coursework, and coursework dealing with normal aspects of

human communication and communication disorders

2. MA or MS degree with a major in communication disordersfrom an accredited university. This also includes at least 350

hours of supervised clinical practicum

3. Passing score on the National Examination in SLP oraudiology

4. Completion of clinical fellowship equivalent to 36 week full-time professional employment under supervision

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The American SpeechLanguage Hearing

AssociationNon-profit organization of

SLPs and audiologists

founded in 1925

Currently, includes over

100,000 members

Responsibilities include:

Promote scientific study

Clinical services

Safeguard ethical standard

Advocacy

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