Intruder Alarm Print

8/7/2019 Intruder Alarm Print

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Intruder AlarmBy

Mushtaq

, ,

040-23230236, Mobile : 800 800 4600E-mail : [email protected] Website: www.technoisystems.com

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Intruder Alarm Contents

1. Where we required intruder alarm2. Introduction3. Types of systems4. Closed circuit and Open Circuit

5. Central Control Unit6. Arming and Disarming7. Magnetic Door Contact8. Passive Infrared Sensors (PIR)

. ass rea e ec r - v ra ype10. Zones11. Information Input12. Outputs13. Automatic Telephone Dialler (Auto dialler)14. Panic Alarms15. Security / Automatic Lights16. Power Back-up17. Intruder Alarm Practical Lab

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Jewelers Shops

Where we Required This Systems?

an sMoney Exchanges

Residential Apartments

HomesSafe Places

Offices

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If you're miles awayat school, at work, or even in another country on holidaywhatcan you do to stop thieves swiping everything you own? That's what intruder alarms arefor. These simple electrical circuits are designed to raise the alarm the moment theydetect anything out of the ordinary. When thieves strike, intruder alarms can makethem panic and flee empty-handed.

Intruder alarmsBurglar (or intrusion), Fire, and safety alarms are electronic alarms designed toalert the user to a specific danger

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Types of Intruder alarmsWireless SystemWired and wireless

Central Control Panels can use wired, wireless, or a combinationof wired and wireless devices to communicate with sensors oralarms. The type you use depends upon many factors such asease of wiring, building construction, and cost.

Wireless systems have a much higher equipment cost and requirebattery changing frequently, but can be installed very quickly.

Wireless option, as the name suggests, does not require wiresrunning all over the house. Wireless is also good when you wantto have detectors installed in unattached garages or sheds. If youdecide to use wireless make sure that the system supervises everytransmitter for low battery transmitter health check. It is critical

to check the wireless system for a few days to verify that it worksproperly and there is no interference for other electronic items.Wireless systems normally have special checks built-in to savefrom false alarms.

Wired systems are more cost effective and reliable, as long as youcan bear the inconvenience of wiring.

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An electric circuit providing an uninterrupted,endless path for the flow of current.A closed circuit is a kind of electric circuit in which

the path that the electrons follow forms a completecircuit.

Closed circuit

the difference of electrical potential betweentwo terminals of a device when there is noexternal load connected

Open circuit

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Central Control UnitThe control panels available in the market range from small compact type which incorporates a hootter / sirenand can accommodate a few different types of Sensors (detectors) to a more advanced type which can performmore complex functions like, automatic dialling to a phone, cellular phone and convey a pre-recorded messageinforming about intrusion, in addition to or in place of, local audio visual alarm.

The advance versions also have the capability of functioning with user codes for arming and disarming and ofswitching over to built-in power supply in case of power failure. Many control units also use a remote (infra-redor Radio Frequency based) for arming or disarming of the control unit.

For larger installations that have more sensors, there is provision of Zones. Each Zone is associated with one ormore sensors e.g. one oor cou e con ro e y one one. e a van age o eren ypes o ones s a

when the alarm goes off (alarm sounds), the control panel gives an indication as to which Zone has beencompromised. This way one has to only check the sensors linked to that particular zone to see where theproblem is.

Please note that many times the sensor, control unit & alarms unit may be combined in a single housing forreducing cost or to provide easy localized, protection. However, larger systems involving multiple sensors will

invariably have a separate control unit.

Alarm control panel is the brain of your security system. It is typically placed in an area that is out of the waylike a basement, attic, closer or office. The motherboard and additional components such as radio receivers,backup power supply and zone expanders are inside this metal box which is often locked. You will have little orno interface with the alarm control. Your alarm technician will need to access this unit to program it and wire it

to general standards, or your custom standards

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1. Remote Keypad / Simple Set connections (up to 4)2. Fully programmable 8 zones over 3 programs3. Up to 2.1AH battery compartment4. Multiple cable entry points

5. Bell / Strobe outputs6. On-board keypad with Backlighting (Optima Variantsonly)7. On board sounder to assist local alerts / service

warning (Optima panels only)

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Arming / disarming system

Arming in a loose sense is switching on the system and disarming is disabling (switching off) the system.These functions can be performed using a simple switch or by using a keypad in which the user is supposed toenter a password.

In advanced systems, this may be done by an (Radio Frequency) RF remote or an Infrared remote. In cost

effective systems, this is done using a traditional key that operates an electric switch. Such key-based systemsare convenient for use by all age groups and offer more flexibility in terms of increasing number of authorizedusers. Some of the systems also have a keypad in which the owner is supposed to enter the correct password todo any arming/disarming.

The infrared remote re uires that the o erator of remote be in visual line of si ht of the receiver that is on the

control panel, where as the Radio Frequency remote can operate the control panel from anywhere (as long asthe receiver is in the range) In addition to arming/disarming the control can support many other functionswhich may not be available (or even desired) in every control panel.

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Magnetic switches are the most common sensing devices for sensing opening and closing of doors and windows.They are cheap and reliable.

Such sensors consist of two parts - A contact switch that is installed on the door / window frame and anActivating magnet that is mounted on the door. The magnetic switch is held in no-alarm contact position whendoor / window is kept closed. These are installed on a door or window in such a way that opening the door or

window causes the magnet to move away from the contact switch which activates the alarm. They have proved tobe a tried and tested method of monitoring any of the operable openings in the houses / apartments. Thesecontacts are available in variety of finishes & materials. Heavy duty versions are also available for heavy doors,shutters and gates. The magnetic switches normally have both 'Normally open' & 'Normally Closed' contacts foreasier integration with existing systems. While installing care should be taken that alarm should go off when the

Magnetic switch

door just opens. If the sensor is wrongly placed then it is feasible that a person may be able to squeeze in without

activating the sensor. A series of such sensors can cover the whole house including every door / window /ventilator. The Magnetic switches need to be connected to Control unit , which senses the change in the positionof door and activates an alarm.

In Wireless Systems , the principle is the same except no wires are required to connect the sensor to the ControlUnit.

In cases a window has to be left a little open for ventilation, it is made possible by using 2 magnets and 1 switch. Inthis configuration the first magnet is mounted in the window closed position and the second is mounted in alocation where it will align with the switch when the window is open a few inches, typically 3 or 4 inches. Thisallows for ventilation but will sound the alarm if the window is fully opened. Window or wall mounted airconditioners and Coolers may also require protection if they can be easily removed from the opening. The

standard method used to protect these units is to install a sensor on the unit.

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Advanced version

For more sensitive control of the door, there is an advanced version

called Balanced Magnetic Switch, in which the electrical contact ofthe switch is held in no-alarm condition by two magnets - one isfixed to the door frame and the other magnet is fixed to thecorresponding position on to the door. As long as the magnetic fieldremains balanced with the door firmly closed, the contacts within theswitch would be in no-alarm condition. Even with a slight movement

of the door from the door frame the magnetic field gets unbalancedcausing the Control Unit to sound an alarm. The balanced magneticswitch is more tamper-resistant than a simple Magnetic switch butrequires higher skill and time for installation.

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Passive Infrared (PIR) Motion Sensors protect space by 'looking' for changes in infrared (heat) energy levelscaused by movement of an intruder. The passive infrared detectors are passive devices. i.e., they do not

transmit any form of energy. When a person enters and moves within the detecting zone, his body which isat its normal temperature of 98.6 degree F., radiates more (or less) thermal energy than the surroundingsand such minute difference in thermal energy is detected by the PIR. In simple words, PIR keeps a picture ofthe heat levels in its view and keeps on comparing the new view with the stored one. In case there is anychange then they activate the alarm.

PIR's come with a wide variety of detection patterns to meet various needs of indoor movement sensing.Depending upon the type of protection needed and the size of the protection area / volume, the specificparameters of angular and area coverage can be chosen from the vast array of PIR types available. Thestandard PIR has wide angle coverage with a typical range of 20 to 30 feet. The Narrow angle PIR is for longrange covering a long and narrow corridor. The Extra wide angle PIR is for sensing movements through anan le of 1 0 de rees. Then there are certain s ecialized PIR:

Roof counted PIR to detect movement in a circular space in the room.Curtain type vertical pattern to detect access through windows, doors and other entry points and also to giveprotection to objects hung on a wallCurtain type horizontal pattern to detect access through ceilings or skylights

When installed outside the entrance, this may be used to warn of any one approaching the entrance. Lightingalso can be coupled to come ON automatically along with the chiming / alarming on sensing movements.

PIR's can be used as a stand-alone system (when connected with an output device) or it can also form part ofan integrated system along with other types of security devices. If PIR is used as a sensor in a larger Securitysystem which is controlled by a Control Unit , then the Control Unit decides about the action to be taken.

Some PIR's units have a built in key pad to enter the password for activation and deactivation. Some comewith a remote control to activate and deactivate. Such PIRs usually have a built in alarm also, which keeps on

till it is deactivated.

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Avoiding false alarms with PIRPIR must not point towards a heat producing source like Refrigerator, AC, heater etc. Also, while installing itshould be so positioned that the intruder cannot approach the PIR without coming in view of the PIR else hecan point the PIR elsewhere or deactivate the same without sounding the alarm. Precaution is required ifthere are pets in the house. PIR's are sensitive enough to detect dogs and cats. There are special lens available

(or a tape can be put on lower part of the existing lens) so as to avoid detection close to the ground. At thesame time, it should be kept in mind that the intruder can also crawl and avoid detection. So placement andsubsequent testing of PIR's is a must to avoid false alarms.

If PIR is being installed outdoors then one must keep in mind that the large birds and even pigeons canactivate the alarm. So, it must be placed at such a location that PIR does not aims at the flight path of thebirds. Due to such restrictions it is not always possible to use a PIR outdoors but it is one of the most usedsecurity device.

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Glass break detector - vibration type

Glass Break Acoustic detectors "listen" for the specific sound pattern generated when glass breaks, whileVibration type sensors "feel" for the vibration of breaking glass. The vibration type of glass break detector isfixed on to the glass surface and is designed to respond to the specific higher frequency energies generated inbreaking glass and not to the low-frequency vibrations produced while hitting the wall.

Such sensors have lesser range of detection.

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Vibration detector

Most of the sensors detect opening of a door, window or breakage of glass or movement of human beings. Butit is equally important to detect if there is a break-in attempted through walls, ceiling or floors. This can bedetected with the help of vibration Detectors.

The detector operates on the principle of resonance of frequency. When the external impulse frequency due tohammering or chiselling matches with the resonance frequency of the sensing element, the alarm is triggeredoff. False alarms are avoided with proper setting of the intensity controller. The vibration detector can be fittedto windows, door frames, walls, ceilings etc. A typical vibration detector is effective up to 2.5 meters dependingupon its location and the material to which it is fixed. Each detector can set to its own optimum level ofsensitivity. There should be a sensor for every 20 ft of wall accessible to the intruder. Sensitivity should be

adjusted to suit local vibration requirement.

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ZonesZone, in general terms represent an area or collection of sensors that protect an area. Zones allow to pinpoint thearea from where the alarm got initiated, otherwise one has to use guess-work & check all doors & windows forintrusion. In large premises, such a feature is very desirable, though it increases the cost. Make sure that yourCentral Control Panel can be expanded (or has built-in flexibility) to meet your future needs or you may be faced

with replacing the control Panel when you want to add devices.

Lets look at a typical zone layout for a control panel so that you can understand the way it is wired andprogrammed works.

1 : is zone is w ere t e oors rom w ic most o ten enter an exit are. en you turn

your alarm on, the exit delay will start a timer (programmed to your specifications, if requested) allowing youtime to get out. Once the exit time has expired, (usually about 30-60 seconds.) the alarm will be in the on orarmed condition.

When you return to your home or business and enter through the delay doors, an entry timer begins. Thistimer is usually set at about 15-30 seconds. You do not want to have a long entry time as a burglar enteringthrough a delay zone has the same amount of time in your protected area before the alarm goes off. During

this time you would go to the nearest keypad and enter your code to turn your alarm off.In the Know!The doors have chime feature that can easily be turned on or off. Most people elect to leave this feature on allthis time, so that they can hear a tone when the alarm is off and someone enters.

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ZONE 2 (INSTANT PERIMETER): This zone would be for other than delay doors. The back yard door andthe master bedroom to deck doors and good examples of these types of doors. There is no delay time timer onthese doors and when the alarm is on and entry is made the alarm will go off instantly.

ZONE 3 (INTERIOR): This zone is for your motion detector on the main floor. When you enter through adelay door the motion will delay also, giving you the ability to get to the keypad turn off or disarm your

system. If you do not enter through a delay door first and the motion sees you it will go into an alarm conditioninstantly. When you are staying home or arming your business system without leaving, you can arm yourinterior zone or zones allowing you to move around without restrictions while still having your perimetersecured.

those who are asking selectively arm or disarm certain doors / windows to protect the particular zonespecifically.

Types of Zones

Zones fall in various categories depending upon kind of response desired e.g. medical, burglary, and panic.Each type of device could have a specific activation, alarm and response procedure. Some examples of zone

are: Hold-up zones can be audible or silent but are always active. You may choose either or both. Audiblehold-up can be used to "scare' away prowlers but care must always be exercised when activating hold-updevices since there is no way of predicting the action an intruder may take when he hears the alarm or whenthe police arrive. By connecting to an Auto Dialer the control panel can 'silently' call for help.Burglary devices fall into various categories, 24 hour (always active), main entry door, and interior (motiondetectors) etc. While going away, you will like to monitor the premises on 24 hours basis. Whereas, if you are

at home, you might like to arm (activate) the external doors & windows but not PIR's which monitor theinterior. You may also want to selectively arm or disarm certain doors / windows.

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Information Input

Advanced control panels have displays that may be LCD (liquid crystaldisplay) based or simple LED lights. They can prompt you for the requireddata, such as Enter Code when the system is activated and provide a clear

visual indication of the system status. Some systems also give audiblebeeps depending upon if the input has been accepted by the system or

not.

Most of the systems have built-in checks to verify the authenticity of theperson entering inputs. The key-pad based system requires the user toenter correct password to perform any function. By giving the password tonear ear ones, e nee o ave mu p e eys s no ese. so, ey

protection & control could be a problem in case there are manyauthorized 'individuals'.

Outputs

All central control panels have some form of output or another. Most of them activate an internal and/orexternal hooter. Some can also be equipped with relays that can be controlled from the Control Panel itself.These relays can allow you to perform many functions such as AC/Heater control or as a means ofinterfacing with a home automation system.

The output of control panel may be given to a Help intimation device such as an Telephone Auto Dialer.

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Automatic Telephone Dialler (Auto dialler)The Automatic telephone dialler is an instrument that can automatically dial a fixed number of telephonenumbers and deliver a message at each of the telephone numbers, without the help of any operator. Thetelephone numbers and the message can be stored by the user (in his own voice) and can be modified wheneverrequired. When this instrument is activated, it starts dialling the telephone numbers in sequence and delivers

the recorded message on each of the stored numbers. The system can re-dial to take care of busy numbers. Thesystem works on normal telephone line. It does not need a dedicated telephone line. There are two types ofAuto diallers in the market - One that uses electronic chip to record and play the voice message and the otherone uses the usual Cassette for this purpose.The electronic chip is the preferred one on account of following:There is no fear of ammin of the ta e/No deteriorating of performance with time because of rubber belts getting weak/Requires very low current to operate since there are no mechanical parts nor are there any motors that requireheavier current./Always the same quality of voice as the playing speed is not dependent of the voltage of batteries./

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Salient Features of an Auto dialer

An Auto dialer has small microcomputer that controls all functions. The emergency dialer takes priority overall incoming phones and faxes. This implies that the dialer cannot be disabled by keeping the line busy on

which the dialer is installed. The salient features of popular Auto dialers are:EPROM retains memory permanentlyCan be activated by NO/NC contactsPassword protection to guard against unauthorized use

Test dialling facilityCan re-dial up to 3 timesCan work on Tone and Pulse telephone linesProvision to activate external alarm if tampered (alarm system not included)Special protection against lightning effects on telephone line

not use wired to connect to the Control unit. It is to be noted that in both cases the connection to thetelephone wires is by physical wires.

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Panic Alarms

Panic devices are manually activated units that you can activate if you need immediate assistance. These units caneither be silent or activate loud alarms. If you desire the silent version then you must have your system monitored.

You should bear in mind that activating these units (especially those raise an alarm) may alert the intruder toyour actions, so care must be exercised in their use.

Panic devices can be fixed buttons, portable wireless buttons, or a special combination with a keypad. A variationon the panic device is Medical Alert. When the Panic Alarm is activated, then it can trigger off the alarm that can

.

Telephone Dialer also which can call up predefined numbers & convey pre-recorded message in your voice (tofriends or police).

Such systems are ideal to face emergency situations e.g. confrontation with intruder at night, holdups inoffice/banks/homes, confrontation with a visitor at door etc. The Wireless system consists of a small hand heldtransmitter unit which can optionally be worn as a pendant with a neck chain or worn as a wristwatch or simplykept in the pocket and a receiver unit which is mounted on the ceiling/wall. At the time of an emergency, thecompact hand held units are simply operated by pressing the button or pulling off the neck chain. The signaltransmitted is picked up by the receiver unit which in turn sends it to the security personnel or any otherdesignated device/person.

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Alternatively, the receiver could be interfaced with an Auto dialer which can dial automatically any desirednumber or the Receiver may simply activate an audible alarm. Larger version of the system provides for a multi-channel receiver which can handle multiple transmitting signals from one or more individual transmittingunits. Each transmitter is individually coded which makes it possible to identify the initiator of the alarm andhence the location where the incident has taken place at the receiving end. Such systems are useful for nursinghomes, apartment complexes etc. With a single multi-channel receiver, the system can be extended to covermost of the apartments in the same / adjacent block falling within the operating range of the system. Effectivefunctioning of the system will give the much needed peace of mind and reassurance to all the families coveredby the system, especially to house wives and elderly couples, who live alone in unpredictable circumstances.

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Security / Automatic Lights

Security lights get switched on whenever it detects an intruder within its field of view. Such systems may bebased on PIR or Photosensitive sensors. A PIR may be connected to normal lights to make security lights(requires technical knowledge). Security lights are very useful to scare the intruders especially if these lightsare employed in the compound or on the roof tops. When the lights are switched ON, the intruder feels thathe has been detected and the owner is trying to confirm this. Normally this will deter the intruder for makingany further attempt.

For safety and security of homes and offices specially when there is no one in the house automatic/timer basedlights are very helpful. Such lights are automatically switched on after a predefined time. Normally, it isfeasible to program these lights to switch ON or OFF at any particular time. However, if the house is going to

be alone for a long time then a thief can see that the lights are switched on or off at the time same time everyday (provided he is keeping a vigil over days). This may arise his suspicion and such a light may not be useful insuch situations.

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Cabling for Intruder Alarm

ex e ca es norma y use or e w r ng o urg ar a arm an o er ow vo age c rcu s.

Conductor: Tinned Annealed Copper Conductors.

Insulation: PVC.

Sheath:White PVC

Core Colours- Red, Yellow, Blue, Black

22 Gauge

Maximum Distance 500M

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Power Back-up

All controls should be equipped with sufficient battery standby to operate the system for the maximumduration of outages you are likely to experience in your area. Do remember that the chargeable batterydeteriorates with time. The life of a chargeable battery is normally half after one year of usage and requires

replacement after 18 months. The amount of batteries needed depends upon the type and amount ofdevices used and how long you want the system to function without normal electrical power.

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Intruder Alarm Practical Lab

1. Checking Connection for Panel2. Connection Zone One3. Connection Zone two

4. Connection Zone Three5. Connection for Panic button6. Testing of PIR7. Testing of Glass/Vibration Sensor

8. Testing of Panic Button9. Programming time Delay for Zone one10. Checking output sounder

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Thank you

A Block 1st Floor 108, Suryalok Complex, Abids Hyderabad040-23230236, Mobile : 8008004600

E-mail : [email protected] Website: www.technoisystems.com

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