InventionsintheIslamicworld.docx

7/23/2019 InventionsintheIslamicworld.docx

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Inventions in the Islamic world

A significant number ofinventionsoccurred in the Islamic world, a geopoliticalregion that hasat various times extended fromal- Andalusand Africain the west to the IndiansubcontinentandMalay Archipelagoin the east.[1Many of these inventions had direct implications

for !i"hrelated issues.

According to #ernard $ewisin What Went Wrong? Western Impact and Middle Eastern Response%

&In 'nglish we use the word (Islam) with two distinct meanings, and the distinctionis often blurred and lost and gives rise to considerable confusion. In the one sense,Islam is the counterpart of *hristianity+ that is to say, a religionin the strict senseof the word% a system of belief and worship. In the other sense, Islam is thecounterpart of*hristendom+ that is to say, a civiliationshaped and defined by areligion, but containing many elements apart from and even hostile to thatreligion, yet arising within that civiliation.&[

Contents

1 Astronomical instruments 1.1 Analog computers 1. /lobes 1.0 Mural instruments 1. 2ther instruments

Aviation technology .1 3arachute . *ontrolled flight .0 Artificially - powered manned roc4et

0 *amera technology 0.1 3inhole camera 0. *amera obscura

*hemical technology .1 *hemical processes . $aboratory apparatus .0 *hemical industries . 5rin4ing industry .6 /lass industry .7 8ygiene industries .9 3erfumery industry

6 *ivil engineering 6.1 #ridge dam 6. 5iversion dam 6.0 :treet lighting and litter collection facilities 6. :urveying instruments

7 *loc4 technology 7.1 Astronomical cloc4s
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7. 5ials 7.0 'lephant cloc4 with automaton , regulator and closed loop 7. Mechanical cloc4s

9 Industrial milling 9.1 #ridge mill 9. !actory milling installation 9.0 /eared and wind - powered gristmills with trip hammers 9. Milling dam 9.6 3aper mill 9.7 :piral scoop - wheel 9.9 :ugar refinery 9.; Military technology 1>.1 3urified potassium nitrate

1>. 'xplosive gunpowder 1>.0 8and cannon , handgun , portable firearm 1>. /unpowder cartridge 1>.6 :iege cannon 1>.7 #allistic war machine 1>.9 Borpedo 1>.; :upergun
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1>.= Autocannon and multi- barrel gun 1>.1> Iron roc4et artillery

11 Cavigational technology 11.1 #aculus 11. *aravel 11.0 *artographic instruments 11. *ompass rose

1 2ther inventions 1.1 /raph paper and orthogonal grids 1. Institutions

10 *ontested inventions 10.1 Astrolabes 10. Aviation technology

10..1 8ang glider 10.. Artificial wings

10.0 *hemical technology 10.0.1 *hemical processes 10.0. *hemical substances 10.0.0 /lass industry 10.0. 8ygiene industries 10.0.6 $aboratory Apparatus

10. *ivil engineering 10..1 *obwor4 10.. 8igh - rise s4yscrapers and vertical construction

urban planning

10..0 3refabricated homes and movable structures 10.6 Industrial milling 10.6.1 Industrial mills 10.6. :hipmill 10.6.0 Bide mill and tidal- powered machine

10.7 Mechanical technology 10.7.1 Automatic gate 10.7. /ears 10.7.0 8odometer 10.7. Con - wooden bloc4 printing 10.7.6 :team turbine 10.7.7 :tri4ing cloc4

10.9 Medical technology 10.9.1 Medical treatments 10.9. :urgical instruments

10.; Military technology 10.;.1 !irearms 10.;. !ireproof clothing and dissolved talc
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