Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Presented by: Lance Haines, SE Power System Engineering
Scott Higgins – Distributed Energy and Microgrids
Inverters and Energy Storage – Key to providing utility
and customer services in the new energy economy
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Microgrid Forms –Prosumer Owned Assets “behind the meter”
Control Driver – Economic Optimization, Reliability
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Microgrid Forms – Independent Power Producer owned Assets
Control Drivers – Selling Power and Services, ROI on Assets
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Microgrid Forms – Utility Owned/Controlled Assets
Control Driver - Stability, Reliability, Resiliency for All Customers
- Overview of BESS, Inverters value streams to consumer and grid
- Inverter Technology Evolution
- BESS Technology Evolution
- Key Case Studies
Page 6Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Agenda
Page 7Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Energy Storage Value Proposition as a Non Wires Alternativea
From individual consumer, to grid services, to stacking the benefits
Gas Peaker
Substitution
Substation Upgrade
Investment Alternative
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Storage Media Evolution> Power Control Systems works with different types of battery technologies. Each energy storage application has a
unique set of requirements such as power density, energy density, daily cycling, temperature and other. This is why we
make sure to work with the best battery technologies for each application and tailor a solution for each project
requirements.
Page 9Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Inverters: Switching – the key to Power ElectronicsHow do we convert from DC to AC anyhow? What is Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)?
DER Plant Controller – Solution Range
PPC Evolution: Dedicated to PV plants with storage
• Power factor - response time in the order of seconds
& automatically processed set points
• Reactive power - response time in the order of seconds
& automatically processed set points
• Voltage control - response time in the order of seconds
& automatically processed set points
• Frequency control - response time in the order of seconds
based on detected over/under frequency
• Ramp Rate control - response time in the order of seconds
due to rapid decrease/increase in irradiation or
curtailment or release of curtailment from the utility
• Control of capacitor banks, shunt reactor and STATCOM
Page 11Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Inverters are quite digital in their power conversion (i.e. no rotational inertia)
Switching frequencies range from a few kHz to MHz (when really small matters)
Everything depends on how the control system operates:
• Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) - the control loops are trying to maintain ideal voltage and frequency, no
matter what the current
‒ if current is too high, typical behavior is to trip off
– thermal time constants of IGBT's make issuing and heeding warnings very challenging
‒ if two different voltage sources are connected to the same node, a control system must be in place that
prevents them "fighting" (because they'll never be perfectly matched)
• Current Source Inverter (CSI) - the control loops accept the voltage as-is, then regulate real
power/current and reactive power/current
An islanded system must have at least one voltage source (aka “anchor” resource)
Types of InvertersWhat’s a VSI? What’s a CSI? What’s an “anchor” resource?
Page 12Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
New modes attempt to add more value by harnessing the power of digital control
• Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM) - mathematically simulates rotational inertia, potentially allowing
inverters to "play nice" with a grid dominated by rotating synchronous machines
• Non-linear modes harness inverters’ speed to do things that rotating machines can’t
Inverters Creating New ValueEvolving rapidly in capabilities that enhance distribution systems
- Overview of BESS, Inverters value streams to consumer and grid
- Inverter Technology Evolution
- BESS Technology Evolution
- Key Case Studies
Page 16Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Agenda
Page 17Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Different methods & options enable installation in all geographies
and environmental conditions…
ES box ST+• 540kVA to 2.04MVA
Grid
Battery container
Inve
rte
r
EN
CL
OS
UR
E
ESControl
LV/MVPadmount
Transformer
LV/MVTransformer(Optional)
Filter Box(Optional)
MVSwitchgear
AuxiliaryPower
Battery Combiner
Inve
rte
r
Inve
rte
r
Page 18Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Conext Smartgen…next generation inverter platform
Designed for 30 years service life– Corrosion proof aluminum construction
– SEALED electronic compartment
– Ruggedized liquid cooling system
eliminates heat production at the source
– Very user friendly design optimized for
easy serviceability
• Only one major mid-life maintenance
over the complete life
Electrical characteristics• 1500VDC platform
• Different size options
– 1.3MVA up to 2MVA
• VSC mode
– Grid forming controls for
commissioning without genset
– Islanding functionality for off grid
applications
- Overview of BESS, Inverters value streams to consumer and grid
- Inverter Technology Evolution
- BESS Technology Evolution
- Key Case Studies
Page 20Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Agenda
The EcoBlade™ Products
Page 21
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Residential Systems
Rack Systems Pod Systems
Containerized Systems
Battery Modules
Power Conversion Modules
EcoBlade Inverter
Strategy
Power Conversion sized
and built into the battery
system allows Grid
Forming or Following
Power Conversion
Module (PCU)
Pre-Fab
Pod
Inverter Rack
The AC Rack
Or for Battery modules to
be paired up with external
Grid Connection Skid
EcoBlade™ Rack Solutions
The EcoBlade™ AC Rack
Page 23
Applications:
- Time of Use management
- Demand Charge management
- Small scale renewable integration
- Back up power
- Small microgrids
Includes rack mounted battery modules, PCU and BMS
The EcoBlade™ DC Rack
Specifications:
- Energy: > 100 kWh
- Weight: <1500 Kg
- Dimensions: OCP IT Rack
- ≈2U height per blade
Includes rack mounted battery modules and BMS
Applications:
- Bulk storage
- Investment deferral
- Large scale renewable integration
- Ancillary services
- Large microgrids
Control System Topology
XML
System Level Controller
DNP3
MODBUS
IEC61850
Transformer TemperatureBreaker Positions
EPO
Control Systems Interface(to customer controls)
General I/O
POD Control
PLC #1
EcoBlade Rack # 20 BMS
EcoBlade Rack # 19 BMS
EcoBlade Rack # 2 BMS
EcoBlade Rack # 1 BMS
POD Control
PLC #2
EcoBlade Rack # 20 BMS
EcoBlade Rack # 19 BMS
EcoBlade Rack # 2 BMS
EcoBlade Rack # 1 BMS
POD Control
PLC #3
EcoBlade Rack # 20 BMS
EcoBlade Rack # 19 BMS
EcoBlade Rack # 2 BMS
EcoBlade Rack # 1 BMS
POD Control
PLC #N
EcoBlade Rack # 20 BMS
EcoBlade Rack # 19 BMS
EcoBlade Rack # 2 BMS
EcoBlade Rack # 1 BMS
SSL
Inv. Control
PCU Rack # 10 BMS
PCU Rack # 9 BMS
PCU Rack # 2 BMS
PCU Rack # 1 BMS
Fiber/Copper Switch
- Overview of BESS, Inverters value streams to consumer and grid
- Inverter Technology Evolution
- BESS Technology Evolution
- Key Case Studies
Page 25Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Agenda
• Utility: PREPA
• ~5GW of utility generation capability, but generation is not ideally located vs. loads
• Leads to voltage, frequency issues
• Can be considered to operate as a very large-scale microgrid
Microgrid Services - VAR
Management in Puerto
Rico
●Many solar developers have acquired land in PR
● 300MW+ of PV interconnection applications
● PREPA has Minimum Technical Requirements that solar plant must meet in order to maintain system stability
● Voltage Regulation
● Frequency regulation
● Ramp rate regulation
● Typically requires energy storage and capacitor bank and/or STATCOM/DSTATCOM
PREPA Minimum Technical Requirements (MTR) must be met for PV Facility (PVF) interconnection
●Voltage Ride Through
●Reactive Power for Voltage Regulation
●+/- 0.9 PF dynamic capability
●+/- 0.85 PF steady-state
●Response time less than 1 second
●De facto requirement that dynamically
controllable source of reactive power needed for +/- 0.85 PF
● PVF must attempt to regulate POI voltage to PREPA setpoint (not run at constant PF)
PREPA MTR (continued)
●Frequency Response – up to
+/-10% rated power from PVF
●Frequency Ride Through
●Ramp rate control – smoothing comes from Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)
Currently under construction
• COD 4Q2016
• Schneider PV inverters, BESS
inverters, SCADA, and PPC
• Saft Li-ion battery containers
Fonroche Humacao PV plant
Page 29Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Currently under construction
• COD 1H2016
• Schneider PV inverters, BESS
inverters, SCADA, and PPC
• Saft Li-ion battery containers
“Immune" to intermittent renewable
resources
Corsica “Dispatchable” PV plants
Page 30Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
• Shifting the electrical consumption
from on peak hour to off peak hour,
while ensuring the comfort of the
occupant
• Example 1: charging an energy storage
system during off peak period and
discharging it during on peak period
• Example 2: consuming electricity with a
HVAC during off peak period (pre heating
or pre cooling) and reducing its electrical
consumption during peak period
Page 31Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Energy bill optimization
Tariff management – Load shifting
• Optimizing DER Start/Stop based
on electricity tariff and building
occupancy
• Example 1: starting and stopping an
HVAC system at the right time
during the day for ensuring the
comfort of the building occupant and
avoiding wasting energy
Tariff management –
optimum start/stop
Page 32Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Energy savings and energy bill
optimization
• Shaving the consumption peak in order to
reduce demand charge or to avoid paying
penalties
• Example 1: shedding an HVAC during a
peak consumption period, while ensuring the
comfort of the building occupant
• Example 2: discharging an energy storage
system or turning on a distributed generation
asset during a peak consumption period
Demand charge – peak
shaving
Page 33Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Energy bill optimization
Power Limit
• Consume energy produced
locally first, import energy
second
• Example 1: charging an energy
storage system with the extra
amount of electricity produced
by a PV system and consuming
it later during the day
Self consumption
Page 34Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Being greener and energy bill
optimization
• Performing load curtailment following a
Demand Response request
• Can be performed as demo “manually”
or via OPEN ADR with a utility /
commercial aggregator who can bid on
the energy market
• Example 1: answering and performing
automatically Demand Response
requests (for instance load curtailment
with a HVAC or an energy storage
system) sent by a commercial aggregator
through OPEN ADR
Demand Response – Load
curtailment
Page 35Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Energy bill optimization and
contributing to the grid reliability