Investigation of Utilization of Plastic Bottles in...

“Investigation of Utilization of Plastic Bottles in Constructions”

Sangale Gayatri V.1#, Dr. Pramod kolase2#

, chaudhari saurabh3#.

Sangale Gayatri Vitthal, Civil Engineering Dep., Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pravara Rural Engineering College Loni Tal:

Rahata, Dist.: Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India. Mo: 7888121659, Email: [email protected]

Dr. p. k. kolase, asst. prof., Civil Engineering Dep., Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pravara Rural Engineering College Loni

Tal: Rahata, Dist.: Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India. Mo: 9730955305, Email: [email protected]

Chaudhari Saurabh sampat, Civil Engineering Dep., Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pravara Rural Engineering College Loni

Tal: Rahata, Dist.: Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India. Mo: 9096823683, Email: [email protected]

1) Abstract:

Waste plastic bottles is a major problem of solid waste disposal & experimentally its proved. The plastic bottles can increase

strength of masonry unit and decrease plastic waste pollution of environment. In composite unit plastic bottles are filled

with fly ash for increasing ultimate strength of concrete unit. The utilized plastic bottles to be placed inside concrete and

analysed the compressive strength of concrete block. The used bottles are place in horizontal direction with applying

“Araldite” (A) solution which gives good result. The experimental results be obtained by conducting test under different

condition of placement of bottles. There is no. of test such as compressive test, flexural test, split tensile test. This test

conducted for finding out ultimate strength of concrete unit and further advantage of use of plastic. waste plastic bottles &

recycling fly ash as waste product in construction and it has been proven giving better results. This is Economical method

which is affordable future construction work.

Keywords: Bottles, Compressive Strength, Fly Ash, Araldite, Construction.

2) Introduction:

The problem of disposing and managing solid waste materials in all countries has become one of the major environmental, economic

and social issues. a complete waste management system including source reduction, reduce, recycling, land-filling and incineration

needs to be implemented to control the increasing waste disposal problems. the use of biodegradable plastic is increasing having

property which is creating a lot of problems in the environment. In India approximately 40 million tons of solid waste is creating a lot

of problems in the environment, which is being annually. This is increasing at a rate of 1.5% to 2% every year. plastics constitute

12.3% of total waste produced most of which is from discarded water bottles. the plastic waste cannot be disposed of by dumping or

burning, as it produces uncontrolled fire or contaminate the soil and vegetation. presently, different type of waste materials and

industrial by-products such as fly ash, etc..., are being used with ordinary Portland cement (OPC). it has been shown that the

properties of these materials are suitable to produce new concrete up to a certain limit. globally, the use of plastics had seen an

astronomical increase since 1920, when it was first developed for industrial use. The many advantages of plastics have caused the

Journal of Interdisciplinary Cycle Research

Volume XII, Issue VII, July/2020

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Page No:376

mailto:[email protected]



increase in its production by plastic industries. compared to other materials, such as plastics, fly ash have lower cost, a higher

strength to weight ratio, are more durable (resistant to deterioration), easy to work and shape, and has a low density.

To reduce the weight of construction and increase the strength of material, we can use plastic bottles with improving strength

purpose such as araldite chemical. Hence in the present study attempt is use of plastic bottle in constructions.

3) Procedure:

3.1 Materials Required:

Cement

Coarse Aggregate

Fine Aggregate

Plastic Bottles

3.2 Material Properties:

3.2.1 Cement:

Cement consists of four major compounds, viz. Tricalcium Silicate (C3S), Dicalcium Silicate (C2S), Tricalcium Aluminates (C3A) &

Tetra calcium Alumino ferrite (C4AF). C3S readily reacts with water and produces more heat of hydration. It is responsible for early

strength of concrete. C2S hydrates rather slowly, produces less heat of hydration. It is responsible for later strength concrete. The C3A

portion of cement hydrates more rapidly, thereby reducing the workability of fresh concrete., Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) of 53

grades cement is used for this experimental investigation throughout.

Table No. 3.1: Properties of Cement: -

Sr. No. Description of Test Result

1 Fineness of cement 2.73%

2 Standard consistency of cement 32%

3 Setting time of cement: (IS 12269-1987)

a) Initial setting time 40 min

b) Final setting time 584 min

4 Soundness test of cement (with Le-Chatelier’s mould) 8 mm

5 Compressive Strength of Cement

3 days 21 N/mm2

7 days 37 N/mm2

3.2.2 Fine Aggregate (Sand): -

Concrete is an assemblage of individual pieces of aggregate bound together by cementing material, its properties are based primarily

on the quality of cement paste. This strength is dependant also on the bond between the cement paste & aggregate.



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Table 3.2: Properties of F.A.


1. Fineness Modulus 4.6

2. Silt content 8%

3. Specific Gravity 2.60

4. Surface moisture 1. 34%

Table 3.3 IS Limits for fine aggregates for zone I and zone II

I.S. Sieve

Designation

% passing by weight for

Grading zone I Grading zone II

10mm 100 100

4.75mm 90-100 90-100

2.36mm 60-95 75-100

1.18mm 30-70 55-90

600 μ 15-34 35-59

300 μ 5-20 8-30

150 μ 0-10 0-10

Table 3.4: Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregate

Sr. No. Sieve size Weight retained

(gm)

Cumulative wt.

retained

Cumulative %

retained

% Wt. passing

1. 10mm 0 0 0 100

2. 4.75mm 150 15 15 85

3. 2.36mm 60 6 21 79

4. 1.18 mm 360 36 57 43

5. 600μ 218 21.8 78.8 21.2

6. 300μ 134 13.4 92.2 7.8

7. 150μ 60 6 98.2 1.8

8. Pan 18 1.8 100 -

Fineness modulus = sum of cumulative % of mass retained on the sieve / 100

= 462.2/ 100

= 4.6

Fine aggregate confirms to grading zone I (IS 383-1970).

3.2.3 Coarse Aggregate: The nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate should as large as possible within the specified limits.



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stones with size varying from 12.5 mm to 20 mm aggregates are used.

Table 3.5: Properties of C.A


1. Fineness Modulus of coarse aggregates 4.28

2. Specific Gravity 2.62

3. Surface moisture 2.02%

Table 3.6: Sieve Analysis of Coarse Aggregate

Sr. No. Sieve size Weight retained

(grams)

Cumulative wt.

retained (

Cumulative %

retained

1. 20.0 2484 49.68 49.68

2. 16.0 1584 31.68 81.36

3. 12.5 826 16.52 97.88

4. 10.0 102 2.04 99.99

5. 6.3 004 0.08 100

6. 4.75 0 0 0

7. Residue 0 0 0

Fineness modulus = sum of cumulative % of mass retained on the sieve / 100

=428.91/ 100

= 4.28

Results: 20.0 mm size aggregate is Very Coarse.

3.2.4 Plastic bottles: -

Full form of PET and molecular formula is C10H8O4 Structure Composition is Polyester of Terephthalate acid and ethylene

glycol. PET is used for high impact resistant container for packaging of soda, edible oils and Peanut butter. Also used for cereal

box liners, Microwave food trays, and in medicine for plastic vessels and for Implantation. Plastic is heat resistant and chemically

stable. PET is resistant to acid, base, some solvents, oils, fats.

Fig. No. 3.1 PLASTIC BOTTLES



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Properties: -

Chemical formula (C10H8O4) n

Density 1.38 g/cm3, (20 °C),

Melting point > 250 °C, 260 °C

Boiling point > 350 °C(decomposes)

Solubility in water Practically insoluble

3.4 TEST TO BE PERFORM: -

Compressive Test

Split Tensile Test

Flexural Test

3.3 Mix Design for M25 Grade of Concrete: -

There are various methods of mix design. In the present work, Indian Standard method (IS 10262 – 1982; IS 10262-2009) is used for

mix design. Mix design for M25 grade concrete will be calculated based on the results obtained from the material testing.

THE MIX PROPORTION THEN BECOMES - 1: 1.45: 2.50

Table 3.7 Quantity of Materials Per Cubic Meter of Concrete Grade M25

MATERIAL PROPORTION BY WEIGHT WEIGHT IN

KG/M3

CEMENT 1.00 437.77

FA 1.45 638.76

CA 2.50 1095.99

W/C 0.45 197.00

4) Result and Discussion:

4.1 Basic Material Test: -For concrete mix design there are no. of test are conducted on cement sand and Aggregates. Test such as

standard consistency of cement, final and initial setting time of cement, soundness of cement, specific gravity of Fine and coarse

aggregate, fineness modules, silt content and moisture content of fine and coarse aggregates.

4.1.1 Test for Cement:

Table No. 4.1 Properties of Cement


1. Fineness of cement 2.73%

2. Standard consistency of cement 32%

3. Setting time of cement: (IS 12269-1987)

a) Initial setting time 40 min

b) Final setting time 584 min

4. Soundness test of cement (with Le-Chatelier’s mould) 8 mm



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4.1.2 Test for Fine Aggregate:

Table No.4.2 Properties of F.A.


1. Fineness Modulus 4.6%

2. Silt content 8%

3. Specific Gravity 2.60%


4.1.3 Test for Coarse Aggregate: -

Table No.4.3 Properties of C.A.


1. Fineness Modulus of coarse aggregates 4.28%

2. Specific Gravity 2.62%


4.2 Test on Fresh Concrete: -

Slump cone Test: -

For finding out w/c ratio the slump test was conducted. By the addition of water workability of concrete can be increased. For

three proportion workability to be checked 0.45, 0.48 and 0.5 respectively. And 0.48 slump adopted for further concrete mix

design.

Fig. No. 4.1 Slum Cone Test

4.3 Basic Parameters for Placing Plastic Bottles: -

a) Infill Material: -

For increasing strength of specimen infill, material play an important role, therefore properties of no. of material can be checked. By

material weight and density, strength can be increase. Material like natural sand, gravel, artificial sand, plastic bags, fly ash etc.



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Table 4.4 Weight and Density of Material

Sr. No. Material Weight in bottle (kg) Density (kg / m3)

1. Natural Sand 0.175 1999

2. Gravel 0.162 1346

3. Article Sand 0.152 1602

4. Plastic Bag 0.020 910-925

5 Fly Ash 0.101 1200-1500

4.4 Compression Test:

4.4.1 Orientation of Bottles: -

Table No. 4.5 Compression Test After 7 Days & 28 days

. Sr. No. Blocks Compressive Strength (MPa)

After 7 days

Compressive Strength (MPa)

After 28 days

1. NCB 15.74 24.89

2. 4BH 9.235 19.00

3. 4 BV 8.46 15.52

4. 2 BH 11.49 19.72

5 2BV 10.43 17.2

Fig. No. 4.2 Compressive Strength of Concrete at Specimen Orientation

Description: -

The above graph which shows us about specimen orientation v/s compressive strength of concrete. This compressive strength of

concrete conducted on 7 days & 28 days having normal concrete block which contain 15.74 MPa strength & 28 days 24.89 MPa

strength the 4th block of concrete placed at 2 bottles in horizontal orientation give 11.49 MPa & 28 days gives 19.72 MPa strength



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of concrete, which is less strength as compared to NCB but more strength as compared 2BH blocks but it is economical &

affordable as compared to NCB.

Fig. No. 4.3 BOTTLE HORIZONTAL ORIENTATION

4.5 Compression Test:

Table No. 4.7 use of chemical after 7 days and 28 days

Fig. No. 4.5 Compressive strength of concrete using no. of chemicals

Description: -

The above graph which shows that about no. of chemicals v/s compressive strength of concrete. This test conducted at 7days

and 28 days which gives good results. This test having no. of chemicals used such as A, BZN, BZE5%, BZE7%. The normal block

(N) of concrete giving strength after 7 days & 28 days 24.89 MPa. The 2nd block used “A” chemical which gives strength after 7

Sr. No. Chemicals Compressive Strength (MPa)

After 7 days

Compressive strength (MPa)

After 28 days

1 N 24.89 24.89

2 A 15.81 24.24

3 BZN 10.4 15.52

4 BZE5% 13.19 17.20

5 BZE7% 14.92 19.72



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days 15.81 MPa strength & after 28 days it gives 24.24 MPa strength which gives good result as compared to others chemicals.

Above discussion shows that the “A” chemical which gives good, satisfactory results and economically its preferred.

4.6 Split Tensile Strength:

Fig. No. 4.6 Split Tensile Strength Test

Table No. 4.8 Use of chemicals in split tensile test

Fig. No. 4.6 split tensile test at no. of chemical

Sr. No. Blocks

Compressive strength (MPa)

1. NCB 22.0

2. A 11.0

3. BZN 19.0

4. BZE5% 12.35

5. BZE7% 23.56



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Description:

This test conducted at 28 days which gives good results. This test having no. of chemicals used such as NCB, A, BZN, BZE5%,

BZE7%. The no. of chemicals used to have “NCB” block of concrete giving strength after 28 days getting 22.0 MPa strength. The

5th no. of block used BZE7% chemical which gives after 28 days 23.56 MPa strength. Overall discussion shows that the BZE7%

chemical which gives good, satisfactory results and economically its preferred.

5) CONCLUSION:

Waste plastic bottles is major problem of solid waste disposal & it’s proved. The plastic bottles can be used as main

component in construction of concrete structural elements. The plastic bottles were increased in strength of masonry unit and can

be found decreased in plastic waste pollution of environment. In composite unit, plastic bottles are filled with fly ash for

increasing ultimate strength of concrete unit. The utilized plastic bottles placed inside concrete and analysed the compressive

strength of concrete block. This overall explanation shows that, having used 2 bottles place at horizontal direction gives result at

11.49 MPa compressive strength of concrete which is more as compared to others such as no. of bottles & orientation of bottles.

No. of chemical used for research work having “A” chemical which gives good result as compared to others chemical such as after

7 days 15.81 MPa strength & after 28 days it gives 24.24 MPa strength. The split test conducted having no. of chemical used such

as BZE7% after 28 days it gives 23.59 MPa strength which is better as compared to others chemicals getting satisfactory results.

The experimental results be obtained by conducting test under different condition of placement of bottles. There is no. of test such

as compressive test, flexural test, split tensile test. This test conducting for finding out ultimate strength of concrete unit and

further advantage of use of plastic.

Studied whole scenario denoted clearly an effective way of using waste plastic bottles & recycling fly ash as

waste product in construction and it has been proven giving better results. This is Economical- method which is affordable in future

construction work. If we start adhering the modern techniques in our country, we can build a Nation afresh in cheapest way with

solid concrete constructions.

6) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

We would like to express our special thanks of gratitude to our HOD Prof. R. P. Amale as well as our Principal Dr. S. M.

Gulhane and our coordinator Dr. P. K. Kolase who have shown tremendous interest, encouragement, support, valuable guidance and

guided us a lot., and also work-harder and Lab Assistant Bapusaheb Maske for getting me the test results for checking the concrete

cube samples. We offer obligations to our colleagues in developing the project and people who have willingly helped us out with their

abilities.

We are really thankful to them.

7) LITERATURE SURVEY:

In the research paper of an Experimental Study of Waste plastic bottles in horizontal orientation and use of araldite solution which

use in Concrete. In this experiment araldite applied on bottles which gives better strength as compared to normal concrete having

less weight, economical and affordable method.



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Previously No one had worked on in such experiment, but we have referred such relative’s literature.

2.2.1 Arulmalar et al. (2009): “use of PET bottles in construction”.

this research paper studied that perception on the use of PET bottles in construction is changing day by day. Paradigm which

emerged by PET bottle bricks in the construction of load bearing wall with steel truss and prefabricated metal sheet is present

witness flat roofs.

2.2.2 Sina Safina et al (2016) [1] experimentally studied the possibility of using plastic bottles in concrete blocks. The plastic was

used to concrete voids at equal distance them in the masonry units. Concrete are places around each bottle to encase it in the

masonry units. The study utilization 500ml plastic bottles placed inside concrete masonry unit and analyzed the compressive

strength. The testing for compressive strength was determined according to the ASTM CI40 standard. Experimentally shows 57%

different in strength by using plastic compared to local concrete block. They were proved that the necessity for further research

regarding concrete mix design, amount of cement and properties of local concrete block as well as other technical and non-technical

aspect.

2.2.3 Sushovan Dutta et (2013) [2] This paper expresses to concern on such industrial waste, used plastic water bottle and fly ash.

Two different type plastic bottles, having different diameter and tensile stiffness, were chosen to prepared perforated cell of different

heights wrapped with jute geo-textile from inner side so that fine infill material cannot escape from the perforation. The

compression test was carried out on rigid base and filled with fly ash or stone aggregates. Result showed significant load carrying

capacity of the composite cell with fly ash as infill material. This studied that plastic bottles with suitable infill material can act as an

ideal compression member.

2.2.4 Ahamad K. Jassim et al (2016) [4] experimentally finding alternative method of disposing waste by using friendly method. In

this research polypropylene waste was mixed with Portland cement to investigate the possibility to produce plastic cement. It done

by using the waste plastic polypropylene package includes bottles and food create in rang of 10%to 80% by Volume short

reinforcement structure. In addition, their density was decreased, ductility increase, and the workability improved, which lead to

produce lightweight material.

2.2.5 Z Muyen et al (2016) [5] The plastic brick was one such invention. Waste polypropylene terephthalate (PET) bottles packed

with other dry solid waste or sand and Earth has been successfully used in number of countries around the world. This Experiment

looked into the strength properties of waste bottles fill with sand. Five different size (250, 500, 1250, 1500, and 2000 ml) of waste

PET bottle brick we’re tested for compressive strength. Bottle brick filled cube with 9and 12 bottle we’re prepared and tested.9

bottle brick fill cube got compressive strength 35Mpa and 12 bottle brick filled cube got a compressive strength of 33.7Mpa.

2.2.7 Awham Mohammed Hammeed et al (2018) [10] these researchers studied on recycling of plastic aggregate concrete (RPAC)

is now known as a highly promising that can contribute to resource efficient in construction industry. In effect of RPA content on the

compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength and hardened density of each batch was studied. Result showed that

the use of PET at 1% lead to increase the compressive strength in 58% compared to reference batch. The density value clearly

decreases with increase the percentage of PET content.

2.2.8 SS Asadi et al (2017) [19] The goal of this paper to decide ideal quality and impact of utilization of reused PET as fractional

substitution of fine total in common Portland bond. Studied on Concrete with 0%, 5%.10%, 15% and 20% PET containers waste for

fine total were delivered and contrasted against blend and no substitution or 0% substitution. In light of the examination a



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relationship for the forecast of compressive quality and flexural quality of cement containing waste PET as fine total substitution.

8) REFERENCE:

1) Sina Safinia, Amani Alkalbani “Use of recycled plastic water bottles in concrete blocks

Creative Construction Conference 2016, PP 214-221.

2) Sushovan Dutta, M. B. Nadaf. J. N. Mandal “An overview on the use of waste plastic Bottles and fly ash in civil

engineering application” Procedia Environmental Sciences 35 (2016); PP,680-691.

3) Ahmad k. jassim “Recycling of polyethylene waste in produce plastic cement” Procedia manufacturing (2016):

PP-635-642.

4) Z Muyen. TN Barna. MN Hoque “strength properties of plastic bottle bricks and their suitability as construction materials

in Bangladesh” progressive agriculture (2017); PP-362-368

5) Prof. A. M. Kharwade sagar E. Wagh. Bhagyashri V. Ban. Dipali H. Wade “Application of plastic bottle brick in green

building construction” PP-427-430.

6) A.S.Sajane, sachin E Again. Rakshita R. Patil. Aakanksha A. Shirgave, Sagar Y. Pituk “CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSES

USING PLASTIC BOTTLES”; LIETSR (2013); PP-99-104

7) Mardiha Mokhtar, Nor Baizura Harmid, Masiri Kaamin, Muhammad Nur, Aiman Adnan, Muhammad Amzar Othman

“investigating the utilization of plastic bottle as aggregate replacement for concrete block”; international post graduate

conference on applied science and physics 2017; PP-1-5.

8) Lilies Widojoke, Eliza Parnamasarib “study the use of cement and plastic bottle waste as ingredient added to the

Asphaltic concretely weaning course” social and Behavioral Sciences (2012) PP-832-841.

9) Awham Mohammed Hameeda rilal Abdul-Fatah Ahmedh – “Employment the plastic waste to produce the light weight

concrete” Energy Procedia (2017) PP-30-38.

10) Simanshu P. Pandey, Sakshi Gotmare, Prof. S.A.Wamkhade “Waste plastic bottle as construction material” :

1ARJSET(2017): PP-1-6.



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