INVESTIGATION ON VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF 4-STROKE 2-CYLINDER IC ENGINE USING BLENDS Anoop Johny, B.Anil Kumar Reddy, T.Lakshmi Lokesh Department of Mechanical Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha University, Chennai, India. [email protected]. ABSTACT Now-a-days energy is need in every life to survive. At present Renewable energy sources has great attention in day today lives due to inadequacy of natural resources. Rapid increase of usage of fossil fuel in 21 st century because of rapid increase of population in India. At present in order to the energy crisis and pollution we introduce the biodiesel in that Hemp is more interested plant in producing non-edible oils. So biodiesel is introduced as fuel in diesel engine of diesel which is equal energized as diesel and emits less pollution and noise. Vibration is an important aspect in improving engine efficiency the present study carried on vibration analysis on B50 biodiesel blends. To analysis the experimental work is done on B50 at different loads conditions having comparatively less vibrations compared to the engine filled with diesel. Keywords: vibration, hemp oil, transestirification, simpson engine. 1.INTRODUCTION The term “biodiesel” ordinarily refers to carboxylic acid alkyl group or ethyl radical esters made up of vegetable oils or animal fats, whose properties are adequate to be utilized in diesel engines. several studies are performed with the aim to research the results of biodiesel on International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 12 2018, 15841-15853 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu Special Issue ijpam.eu 15841
Transcript
INVESTIGATION ON VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF 4-STROKE 2-CYLINDER IC
ENGINE USING BLENDS
Anoop Johny, B.Anil Kumar Reddy, T.Lakshmi Lokesh
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
The term “biodiesel” ordinarily refers to carboxylic acid alkyl group or ethyl radical
esters made up of vegetable oils or animal fats, whose properties are adequate to be utilized in
diesel engines. several studies are performed with the aim to research the results of biodiesel on
International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 119 No. 12 2018, 15841-15853ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu
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the injection method, spray formation, combustion, engine performance, vibration, noise and
pollutants emissions[1].In respect to the increasing oil costs and air contamination caused by pic
chemistric smog and gas made by emission gases of combustion engines, studies on various fuels
are actively being conducted[2-4]. Despite this, vibrations discharged throughout the combustion
method of diesel engines directly affect the operator.
To solve this downside, numerous ways of reducing the vibration by diesel engines
square measure being studied, focusing on pretreatments toscale back vibration by dynamic the
properties of the fuels before combustion. thus the diesel is blended with numerous biodiesels to
change the properties of the fuel[5-7]. The properties like cetane range, self ignition temperature,
density, fuel volatility, density viscousness, color behavior, and sulfur content can changes. The
piston impact on the cylinder liner is thought as piston slap[8-11]. This piston slap causes the
vibrations in lateral direction. Lateral vibrations results in larger wear of piston rings and liner
surface and structural failure and the wear because of this can be additional as compared to axial
vibrations [12-13]. Throughout abnormal combustion, multipurpose ignition happens. This
ignition causes rise in in-cylinder pressure in a very short period of crank angle. the increase in
in-cylinder pressure forces on piston, and as a result of this parting force some high frequency
vibrations are generated in longitudinal direction.
2. MATERIAL AND METHOD
2.1 Transesterification method:
The transformation of Hemp oil into its methyl gather ester is
expert by the trans esterification technique. Tran’s natural compoundification includes response
of the triglycerides of Hemp oil with methyl liquor inside the nearness of an impetus scathing
pop (NaOH) to give glycerine and unsaturated fat ester. The creation of biodiesel by trans
esterification of the oil regularly happens utilizing the ensuing advances .this is extracted from
the Hemp plant. All plants in the Cannabis genus can produce the oil, but usually only industrial
hemp is used to make hemp oil plant as.tend to produce the best hemp oil, although the whole
plant can be pressed for oil. Cold pressed oil which has not been refined has a rich, nutty flavor
and a green tint. After refining, hemp oil becomes colorless, and the flavor is fairly minimal.
There are a number of uses for it, and a variety of packaging formats as a result.For this process,
a nominal quantity of 450 ml methanol and 10 gr sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was mixed in a
spherical bottom flask as shown in the figure 1
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Fig 1: Tranesterification method
The alcohol/catalyst combine is then charged into a closed reaction vessel and 1000 ml
hemp oil is added. Excess alcohol is generally used to ensure total conversion of the fat or oil to
its esters. Once the response is finished, two noteworthy item exist: glycerine and biodiesel. the
measure of delivered glycerin differs concurring the oil utilized, the strategy utilized, the
measure of overabundance liquor utilized. both the glycerin and biodiesel items have a lot of the
surplus liquor that was utilized as a part of the response. The responded blend is typically killed
at this progression if required. As shown in figure 2
Fig 2: Separated glycerin and biodiesel
The glycerin result contains unused impetus and cleansers that are killed with a corrosive
and sent to capacity as unrefined glycerin. At times the salt formed all through this stage is
recuperated for use as manure. By large the salt is left inside the glycerin.the most important
aspects of biodiesel production to make sure trouble free operation in diesel engines are complete
reaction, removal of glycerin, removal of catalyst, removal of alcohol and absence of free fatty
acids.
3. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
In this project Simpson’s tractor diesel engine is selecting for analysis of vibration level
in normal condition and with turbocharger using. Simpsons became the first to recognize the
potential of diesel as a fuel, and self started the diesel era in the country in 1951. And in 1955,
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Simpsons became the first Indian Company to indigenously manufacture diesel engines for
surface transport vehicles as shown in Table 1.
Fig 3: Simpson tractor engine
MODEL S 217
Capacity 21 kW (28 bhp @
2000 rpm)
Type /
Configuration
Vertical in-line Diesel
Engine
Bore 91.44 mm
Stroke 127 mm
No. of Cylinders 2
Displacement 1670 cc
Compression ratio 18.5:1
Cycle 4 Stroke
Rotation Clockwise (viewed
from front)
Aspiration Natural
Combustion System Direct Injection
Fuel Pump MICO Bosch In-line
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Pump
Governing Mechanical
Engine Starting
System
Electrical
Cooling System Water
Electrical System 12 Volts
(Dynamo/Alternator)
Flywheel Housing SAE 1 or SAE 3
Flywheel Can be made to suit
application
Weight (Bare
Engine)
200 kg
Length x Width x
Height
489 x 536 x 756nmm
Fan Centre from
Crank Centre
282.6 mm
Table 1 simpson tractor engine specifications
A dynamometer can also be used to determine the torque and power required to operate a
driven machine such as a pump. In that case, motoring or driving dynamometer is used. A
dynamometer that is designed to be driven is called an absorption or passive dynamometer. A
dynamometer that can either drive or absorb is called a universal or active dynamometer as
shown in Table 2
Fig 4: Dynamometer
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Table 2 Dynamometer specifications
Piezoelectric accelerometers depend on the piezoelectric impact of quartz or artistic
precious stones to produce an electrical yield that is relative to connected speeding up. The
piezoelectric impact delivers a restricted aggregation of charged particles on the precious stone.
This charge is relative to connected power or stress. A power connected to a quartz precious
stone cross section structure adjusts arrangement of positive and negative particles, which brings
about an aggregation of these charged particles on restricted surfaces. These charged particles
collect on a cathode that is eventually adapted by transistor microelectronics’ assortment of
mechanical designs are accessible to play out the transduction standards of a piezoelectric
accelerometer shown in figure 5
Fig 5: Piezoelectric accelerometer
A load cell is a transducer that is utilized to make an electrical flag whose size is
straightforwardly corresponding to the power being estimated. The different sorts of load cells
incorporate water powered load cells, pneumatic load cells and strain check stack cells.
EDDY CURRENT DYNAMOMETER
MODEL E 50
Maximum
Power
100 bhp (75Kw) @
3000 to 6000 rpm
Maximum
Torque
234 Nm @ 1500 to
3000 rpm
Accuracy of
Torque
Indication
+ 0.25% of Max.
Dyno Torque
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4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this section, the main points of experiments conducted in varied modes of operation
are conferred. All the tests were conducted at the rated speed of 1200 rpm. All readings were
taken solely when the engine earned stable operation. The gas analyzers were switched on before
beginning the experiments to stabilize them before beginning the measurements. All the
instruments were sporadically mark. The injector gap pressure and injection temporal order were
unbroken constant at the rated worth throughout the experiments.
The injection timing is unbroken constants altogether the experiments. The dynamic
injection timing was wont to calculate the ignition delay. The engine output was varied from no
load to full load in steps of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% within the traditional operation of the
engine. At every load the fuel rate, air rate, exhaust gas temperature, emissions of CO, organic
compound and oxides of element and smoke readings were recorded. The pressures crank angle
history of fifty cycles was additionally recorded by mistreatment the info acquisition system and
also the laptop computer. the info was processed to urge the common pressure crank angle
variation.
4.1 VIBRATION ANALYSIS
Figure 6: 25% LOAD OF HEMP OIL BLEND AT 1200rpm
At Load condition 25%,The Figure 6 is Plotted to time and Acceleration we can observe
that Diesel has more vibration frequency when compared to hemp oil shown in table 3
Idling 25%(g)
Diesel oil 35.1522
Hemp oil 20.4346
Table 3 :25% load
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Figure 7: 50% LOAD OF HEMP OIL BLEND AT 1200rpm
At Load condition 50%,The Figure7 is Plotted to time and Acceleration we can observe that
Diesel has more vibration frequency when compared to hemp oil is shown in table 4
Idling 50%(g)
Diesel oil 28.67
Hemp oil 19.0903
Table 4: 50% load
Figure 8 : 75% LOAD OF HEMP OIL BLEND AT 1200rpm
At Load condition 75%,The Figure 8 is Plotted to time and Acceleration we can observe that
Diesel has more vibration frequency when compared to hemp oil is shown in table 5
Idling 75%(g)
Diesel oil 33.7356
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Hemp oil 18.551
Table 5: 75% load
Figure 9: 100% LOAD OF HEMP OIL BLEND AT 1200rpm
At Load condition 100%,The Figure 9 is Plotted to time and Acceleration we can observe that
Diesel has more vibration frequency when compared to hemp oil is shown in table 6
Idling 100%(g)
Diesel oil 41.6852
Hemp oil 21.545
Table 6: 100% load
4.2 VIBRATION EMISSIONS
Figure 10 (HC EMISSION)
This Figure 10 shows the variation of HC emission with increased load. The HC emission
is increased at 50 & 25% load condition. The HC emission is stable at 50% load condition. The
emission is slightly decreased due to proper combustion at 100% load condition.
0
10
20
100 75 50 25
HC
Load %
Hc Hemp
Hc Diesel
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Figure 11 (NOX EMISSION)
This Figure 11 shows the variation of HC emission with increased load. The HC emission
is increased high at 100 & 50% load condition. The HC emission is stable load condition. The
emission is slightly decreased due to proper combustion load condition.
Figure 12 (CO EMISSION)
This Figure 12 shows the variation of CO emission with increased load. The CO emission is
decreased at 100% load condition. On decreasing the load the Co emission is slightly increased
due to incomplete combustion
5. CONCLUSION
In this project vibration level is measured and analyzing the with and without Hemp biodiesel
fuel in diesel engine. Finally vibration level is reduced by proper air fuel mixture in diesel engine
compared than with diesel fuel.
So efficiency is more and power output is high. Intensive research was performed on the
reduction of Noise or vibrations of diesel the exhaust gas is used to rotate the turbine and then it
is further worked with turbocharger.
0
1000
2000
100 75 50 25
Nox
Load %
Nox Hemp
Nox Diesel
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
100 75 50 25
CO
Load %
Co hemp
Co Diesel
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Now days it is good with applications of new technology regard to economic considerations
and engine efficiency. Engine vibration testing and measurement techniques used and the various
sensors mountings used to reduce the vibration. A vibration analysis system has been
successfully developed with the help of virtual instrumentation. The chosen measurement
technique was based on vibration signature analysis.
The results presented in this paper are for engine working without load under steady engine
speed and also under various load and speed conditions. But this technique works for a variety of
engines speeds and loads, under steady operation conditions or under varying operation
conditions
6.REFRENCES
[1] Combustion and Vibration Analysis of Idi- Diesel Engine Fuelled With Neat Preheated
Jatropha Methyl Ester,Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications,Y.Ashok Kumar
Reddy, B. V. Appa Rao,2014, 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 3, pp.780-790
[2] Performance, vibration and emission analysis of diesel engine fuelled with fish oil bio diesel
