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Investing in agri-biotechnology:Research for Entrepreneurship
Professor Paul PS Teng, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
Chair, ISAAA
APAARI, BKK8 Dec 2015
Scope
A. What do countries include in their basket of agri-biotechnology products?
B. What needs in the marketplace are being met? (Why invest in agri-biotechnology?)
C. “Research for Entrepreneurship” – the paradigm and process
D. Success Enablers
A. What do countries include in their basket of agri-biotechnology products?
Conventional agri-biotechnologyMushroom cultureFermentation-based products, e.g. alcohol, vinegarTissue culture; Technology-enabled farming
Novel, modern agri-biotechnologyMarker-aided selected crop varietiesGMOs Bio fermentation, bio diagnostics, vaccines Emergent technologies: CRISPr, TALENs, Synthetic food
High Impact AgBiotech Investment Opportunities in Malaysia’s Bioeconomy . 2013.
Production of Stevia-based natural high intensity sweeteners
Extraction and commercialisation of mangosteen
Production and commercialisation of indigenous hybrid paddyseed
Production of biofertilizers through integrated waste treatment plants
Production and commercialisation of bio-feed for livestock industry
Production and commercialisation of high value mushroom varieties
From: www.biotechcorp.com.my
Transgenic Phalaenopsis
Orchid virus detection kit
Animal cloning technology
Transgenic Eucalyptus
Pink fluorescent angelfish
Courtesy of: Dr. Ying Yeh, COA, Taiwan
Taiwan yew for anticancer drug production
Agri-biotechnology products in Taiwan
Technology-enabled farming
AEROGREEN Aeroponics
SKYGREEN Vertical stacked rotating trays. Source: ChannelNews Asia
LED light forIndoor farming -- PANASONIC
Examples of Biotech crop products: Released and under development
B.t. corn, Drought tolerant corn USA
Insect resistant eggplantIndia, Philippines, Bangladesh
Insect resistant rice China, Iran
Biofortified rice Philippines, India, Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Indonesia
Courtesy: R. Hautea, ISAAA
Year ValueUS$ Million
Year ValueUS$ Million
1996 93 2007 7,7731997 591 2008 9,0451998 1,560 2009 10,6071999 2,354 2010 11,7802000 2,429 2011 13,2512001 2,928 2012 14,8402002 3,470 2013 15,6102003 4,046 2014 15,700
(35% of global seed market)
2004 5,090 2015 ?2005 5,7142006 6,670
The global value of the Biotech seed marketFrom: James, 2015
Biotechnology is a global industry
Courtesy: Yali Friedman, Scientific American Worldview, 2015
2014 Global biotechnology market value - $318.4 BFrom: S. Chaturvedi & K.R. Srinivas, 2014
B. What needs in the marketplace are being met?Why invest in agri-biotechnology?
Meeting the challenges facing AsiaStrategic Market Drivers•Demand-side changes
– Demographics: Population growth, urbanization, increased income
– Diet changes (more diverse and high protein food)•Supply-side factors
– Demographics: declining & ageing farmer population– Declining performance of agriculture– Environmental degradation (loss of land and water
resources)– Climate change
Actual Yield
Water & Nutrient- limited
Yield
PotentialYield
TheoreticalYield
Reducing factors (Loss)•Biotics
• Weeds• Insect pests• Diseases
•Abiotics
Limiting factors•Water•Nutrients
Defining factors•CO2•Radiation•Temperature•Crop features
Genetically modified factors?
Crop yield levels -- Concepts
Derived from “production ecology” of C.T. de Wit, Wageningen, Netherlands
Need to raise yield levels in both food surplus and food deficit countries
RBI: Farm level yields are important contributor to food security
012345678
1950 1975 2000 2020
WorldPopulationArable Land(billion ha.)Farmland perperson(ha)
Source : United Nation
"This will require a combination of conserving and managing existing resources more effectively, tapping science to grow food from less land, and drawing in investment to meet growing food demand,"
-- Mahfuz Ahmed, Asian Development Bank (ADB) Technical Adviser for Rural Development and Food Security.Asian Development Bank5 Oct 2015”
C. “Research for Entrepreneurship” -- the paradigm and process
Purpose of agricultural biotechnology R & D• Discovery of new knowledge• Discovery and/or development of new products
Public sector: Social goal oriented, increasingly market-
supportive
Private sector: Profit and market-driven, but increasingly conscious of social responsibility
“Lab to market” key steps for biotech seeds
Private• “Proof of Concept”• Product Development• Approval (Regulatory,
Commercialization)• “Freedom to- Operate”• Marketing & Sales• Product stewardship
Public• R & D• Technology Development• IP audits & management• Approvals (Biosafety,
Food & Feed use)• Seed multiplication• Distribution• Outreach &
communication• Extension
Technology Push
Market shareSocio-economic impact
Market shareValue created
Scoping/Technical Research
Proof of concept
Businessplan
Gate 2
Gate 1
Gate 3Product
Development
Gate 4
RegulatoryApproval/ Field tests
LAUNCH
Discoveryor Ideation
Stage
IdeasScreen
SecondScreen
Go toDevelopment
Go toTesting
Go toLaunch
Private Company: Biotech Seed stage-gating
Gate 5 Gate 7
Marketing,Sales
Public acceptance
Gate 6Seed bulk up,distributionsystems
Gate 8
ProductStewardship
1
2 3
4
5 6
7
8
D. Key Enablers for success
THE ENABLING ENVIRONMENT•Innovation Strategy•Policy support•Investment funding •Infrastructure •Human resources (right mix) •Regulatory framework (FTO)•Supportive or neutral public
Country Status Country StatusAustralia Nat. biotech strategy, 2000 Bangladesh Nat. Biotech. Policy, 2006
China First policy in 1990, “863” plan
India 1st policy in 1983; Nat. biotech strategy in 2007
Indonesia Nat. policy in 2004 Japan Bio-Strategy in 2002
Korea Nat. Bio Industry Action Plan, 2004
Malaysia Nat. Biotech Policy, 2005
Nepal Nat. Biotech Policy, 2006 New Zealand Nat. Biotech Strategy, 2003
Pakistan No comprehensive national strategy
Philippines No comprehensive national strategy
Sri Lanka
Thailand
Policy finalized in 2011
National strategy in 2003
Singapore
Vietnam
No specific biotech policy
No national strategy
Evolution of biotechnology policy in Asia-Pacific
From: S. Chaturvedi & K.R. Srinivas, 2014
Malaysia Recognises Biotechnology as a Strategic Industry to Drive Growth
MALAYSIA -- NATIONAL BIOTECH POLICY
Comprehensive Strategy & Ecosystem Setup
From: www.biotechcorp.com.my
Vastly improved R&D capacity in Asia for agri-biotechnology
Biotechnology Research Institute, CAAS, China
The National Center for GM crops. RDA, Korea
Institute of Agricultural Genetics, Hanoi, Viet nam
Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD), Bogor
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand
RIS 2014.www.ris.org.in
E.g. Taiwan’s investments
• 8 R&D targets: plant seedling biotech, aquaculture biotech, livestock biotech, food biotech, biofertilizers, biopesticides, animal vaccines, and tests and diagnosis.
• As of 2011, there were 92 companies in the agricultural biotechnology industry, together producing total revenue of approximately USD213 million (TWD6.39 billion).
• Two significant developments that have contributed to promoting the industry are the implementation of the Development Program for Industrialization of Agricultural Biotechnology (DPIAB), and the establishment of the Pingtung Agricultural Biotechnology Park (PABP).
Ying Yeh, 2015
FTO =
STRATEGICTactical
APPROVALS for planting and food
“FEEL-GOOD” WORK &OPERATING ENVIRONMENT
SUPPORTIVE POLICIESAND REGULATIONS
SUPPORTIVE/NEUTRAL MEDIASTRONG THIRD PARTY
SUPPORT
TimeSpace
Indigenous capacity & products
http://www.apo-tokyo.org/publications/ebooks/agricultural-biotechnology-and-global-competitiveness/
Science + Technology + Entrepreneurship = Surplus food plus cash for livelihood
Linking productivity to poverty reduction: Livelihood creation
Micro-technologiesMicro-FinanceMicro-Insurance
Farmers need to be entrepreneurs to get out of the poverty trap by using modern science andtechnology to produce surpluses and add value to their produce
Thank you - 谢谢 - Terima Kasih - धन्यवाद - ありがとう – Maraming
selamat - Merci - Gracias - 너를 감사하십시요 - Thank you