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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice Culture, a Heritage of Asian History
July 5~7, 2007Bangkok ,Thailand
Dr .Yoo Man HUHVice President, ICID Rep. of KOREA
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Structure of the presentation
1 Paddy Farming
2 Economic Aspects
3 Cultural & Social Aspects
4 Multi-functionality of Paddy Farming
5 Conclusions
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Paddy farming is…
In Wikipedia
“a flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice and other semi aquatic crops.
Paddy fields are a typical feature of rice-growing countries of east and southeast Asia
including Malaysia, China, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Taiwan, Indonesia, India, and the Philippines.”
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Population
Arable land
Trend of population & Arable land
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Paddy farming
Hay stacks on stilts in paddy field ,Karnataka(L.Shyamal, 2006)
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Scarecrow: A paddy field in Japan (Wikipedia, 2007)
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Paddy farming
Rice terraces, Longji, Guangxi Province, China(Doron, May 2000)
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Paddy farming
Terrace rice fields in Yunnan Province, China(Jialiang Gao, 2003)
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Paddy farming
The photo of paddy field in India.(Nvineeth, 2006)
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Origin of Rice
Widespread in Asian(East and Southeast) Origin of “Rice” : from Ancient India Sanskrit
Vrihi, Ni, Nuan Similar Korean “Non” for paddy field Malaysia, the Philippines-”Badi”, “Bindi” for rice
in Korean “Beo”- meaning rice grain
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Origin of Rice
Rice (genus Oryza) is tolerant to hot, humid, flooded conditions and grows in saline, alkaline and acidic soils.
Of 23 Oryza species, two are cultivated: Oryza sativa , which originated in the humid tropics of Asia, and O. glaberrima, from West Africa.
Asian cultivated rice has evolved into three eco-geographic races - indica, japonica and javanica
(Source:International year of rice 2004,IRRI).
Source: http://www.fao.org/rice2004/en/rice-us.htm
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Paddy farming in Asia
Cultural & Social
Aspects
Economic Aspects
Environmental Aspects
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice in Asia
IRRI :
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice in Korea
BC 300 – AD 670
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Cliiper Russel(Eco-economist)
Paddy field with golden wave and scarecrow with white garment in fall is the one of the attractive scenery in the world
Paddy Fields Landscape
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Economic aspects of rice
Rice production
China India Indo Bang JP USA Kr
50
100
150
200
Million ton1
2
34
9
11.3
12
7.49.6
11
2
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
2 Economic aspects of rice
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
2 Economic aspects of rice
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice price outlook
Source: USDA, Rice Outlook
Dollar/tonMedium grain
Long grain
2 Economic aspects of rice
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
•International rice supply and outlook
Class2004/0
52005/06(Estimat
e)
2006/07(outlook) Change(%)
2006.12 2007.1Previous year
Previous
monthProduction
400.5 415.5 416.4 415.0 -0.1 -0.3
Supply 485.6 493.7 496.8 495.5 0.4 -0.3
Consume 407.7 413.2 418.2 417.7 1.1 -0.1
Trade 28.4 27.8 28.2 28.9 4.0 2.7Stock
In previous yr%
78.2 80.4 78.6 77.7 -3.4 -1.1
19.2 19.5 18.8 18.6
Source: USDA, World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates, January 12, 2007.
(Unit: million ton)
2 Economic aspects of rice
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Cultural & Social Aspects of rice3
Paddy Fields turn yellow in Autumn, KOREA
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
In the Mythology of GoChosun
Mother of Ju-mong, “Gog Mo Sin”, Goddess to manage the agriculture
Tradition to lay kernels of rice on the mat in the palanquin
One of the important role of mother is to manage the rice kernel for their family survival
To serve their ancestor shrine by pure rice
Rice, in the middle of Korean history
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Meaning of Rice in Chinese Character
88 times hand care until harvest.
Rice day? August 18米
How many processes needed for rice?
Shape of rice head?
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Life Cycle of Rice
Plant: intensive labor Harvest: Alcohol drink,
Rice cake, soft drink, sweets, snack, etc. more than hundreds
Post harvest: Thatch-Mat”멍석” , shoes ”집쌔기”
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice and Culture in Korea
“ 성주대감” Sung Ju Dae Gam, Pot to keep rice at home, treat as a sanctuary.
“Sung ju”: a household guardian, tutelary deity
Function of the pot: to make household blessed and comfortable
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Feet is twisted when stepping rice kernels.
Spoiling rice makes abort.
Rice storage represents generosity of the
household.
Rice in the Proverbs
Tradition to respect rice, and It goes with history of Korea rooted in the life
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice in the Korean Culture (Poem)
나는 듣고 있네 내 안에 들어와 피가 되고 살이 되고 뼈가 되는 한 톨의 쌀의 노래 그가 춤추는 소리를 쌀의 고운 웃음 가득히 흔들리는 우리의 겸허한 들판은 꿈에서도 잊을 수 없네 하얀 쌀을 씻어 밥을 안치는 엄마의 마음으로 날마다 새롭게 희망을 안쳐야지
적은 양의 쌀이 불어 많은 양의 밥이 되듯 적은 분량의 사랑으로도 나눌수록 넘쳐나는 사랑의 기쁨 갈수록 살기 힘들어도 절망하지 말아야지 밥을 뜸들이는 기다림으로 모락모락 피어 오르는 희망으로 내일의 식탁을 준비해야지 .
- 이해인 -
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice in the Music and Dancing
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice and Culture in Asia
Paddy solved housing, food and fuel in traditional farm village
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice in Asia
Source: M. A. Bell et. Al., 2000, Research for development: IRRI’s in country roles p9-10
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice in Asia
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice area in the world
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice in Asia
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice is • The main source of employment, income
and nutrition in many poor, food insecure regions of the world
• Calories source of 530 million people less than US $1 a day, about 60-70 % of total food intake.
• Principal activity and source of income for about 100 million households in Asia and Africa
Source: M. A. Bell et. Al., 2000, Research for development: IRRI’s in country roles p9-10
Rice in Asia
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice is a major daily life in Asian countries
Rice is a central part of many cultures and some countries even credit rice cultivation with the development of their civilization. It is remarkable that almost every culture has its own way of harvesting, processing and eating rice and these different traditions are, in fact, part of the world's cultural heritage(FAO, 2004).
Source: http://www.fao.org/rice2004/en/rice-us.htm
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice has been a life for long times
Thousands of years ago, people from East to South Asia settled throughout river deltas and domesticated wild rice.
The productivity of wetland rice crops led to population growth and to the development of society and civilization.
Source: http://www.fao.org/rice2004/en/rice-us.htm
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice versus culture
Rice cultivation, the intense labour needed Social habits and landscape shaped Community structures and a corresponding
culture of rice created Inspired songs, paintings, stories, festivals
Rice culture created Asian’s culture, custom, Tradition and life style.
Source: M. A. Bell et. Al., 2000, Research for development: IRRI’s in country roles p9-10
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Multi-functionality of paddy farming
Food security
Flood control
Groundwater recharge
Reduction of soil loss
Air purification
Enhancement of biodiversity
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Conclusions
Not just economic approach because it is a matter of identity: not just a matter of food
and cost
-Asia, central part of culture
-Principal source of income for 100 mill house a matter of life
-expensive, not give a birth?
-why you invest for emergency, food?
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Peculiarity of Asian monsoon region
- Climate conditions and regional characteristics are totally different from non paddy areas
- climate change and diverse functions of paddy farming should be taken into account
Social and traditional components should be considered for policy making in the paddy farming in Asia ,especially in monsoon and tropical region.
5 Conclusions
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007 Bangkok ,Thailand
Paddy Straw roofing old house in winter, Korea
Thank you for your listening