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M & E of IDD programs
‘Uncle Basil’s bicycle’
Mixing and testing salt
UNICEF Region Number of Countries in Region
Regional Average for Percent of Households Consuming
Adequately Iodized Salt in Reporting
Countries* (1995-1998)
Number of Reporting
Countries in Region
(n)
South Asia
7 65.1% (6)
East Asia & Pacific
12 75.3% (9)
Latin America & Caribbean
21 88.6% (19)
East & Southern Africa
20 51.6% (19)
West & Central Africa
21 73.6% (16)
Middle East & North Africa
18 48.9% (12)
Central & Eastern Europe/ Newly Independent States
27 28.2% (10)
Total 126 67.8% (81)
Iodized salt coverage, 1995-8
0 20 40 60 80 100
C & E Europe/NIS
M East/N Africa
W & C Africa
E & S Africa
L America & Carib
E Asia & Pacific
S Asia
Households getting adequately iodized salt (% >= 15 ppm) by region, 1995-98
Trends in prevalences of IDDs (TGR) by country groups, school aged children, from averages of
national survey data, for 1980-89 and 1990-date
REGION
L Am/CaAsiaAfrica & MEast
40
30
20
10
0
Period
1980-1989
>=1990
Table 2. TGR of all countries disaggregated before and after 1990, categorized by HH consumption of iodized salt.
Years 1990 (YRCAT=1) Years > 1990 (YRCAT=2)
Hhisalt <25%
(HHICAT1=1)
Hhisalt 25-50%
(HHICAT1=2)
Hhisalt >50%
(HHICAT1=3)
Mean
Hhisalt <25%
(HHICAT1=1)
Hhisalt 25-50%
(HHICAT1=2)
Hhisalt >50%
(HHICAT1=3)
Mean
TGR of all countries (TGR)
29.7 (48) 22.7 (15) 9.8 (5) 26.7 (68)
34.9 (26) 20.0 (13) 14.2 (51) 21.0 (90)
Countries Pre-iod TGR>40% (PTGRCAT=3)
53.8 (12) 43.5 (5) [24.6 (1)] 49.3 (18)
54.3 (10) [63.0 (1)] 22.9 (12) 38.3 (23)
Goal, 1990-2000: ‘virtual elimination of IDDs’ -- World Summit for Children; ICN.
TGR vs % HHs w ith iodized salt Trends
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
TGR
<25% HHs with iodized
salt
25-50% HHs with Iodized
Salt
25-50% hhs with Iodized
Salt, later
>50% HHs with Iodized
Salt
>50% HHs with iodized
Salt, later
>40% Endem ic TGR
20-40% Endem ic TGR
<20% Endem ic TGR
Table 1. Goiter in relation to iodized salt, by underlying endemic goiter rate
F ig u r e 2 . R e la t io n o f i o d iz e d s a l t a n d io d iz e d o i l c a p s u le s in p r e g n a n c y w i t h b i r t h w e ig h t .
I o d i n e i n s a l t a n d c a p s u l e s
3 0 0 0
3 0 5 0
3 1 0 0
3 1 5 0
3 2 0 0
3 2 5 0
3 3 0 0
I 0 I 7 I 1 5 I 3 0 I 7 5
I o d i n e p p m
Birth
weig
ht, g
ram
s N o c a p s
C a p s
R e g r e s s i o n r e s u l t s : d e p e n d e n t v a r i a b l e = b i r t h w e i g h t ( g ) ; c o e f f i c i e n t s : s a l t ( 0 - 7 - 1 5 - 3 0 -7 5 p p m ) , B = 2 . 4 0 6 ( t = 2 . 4 7 7 , p = 0 . 0 1 3 ) ; i o d i n e c a p s u l e s , B = 4 0 . 2 6 1 ( t = 1 . 6 6 3 , p = 0 . 0 9 6 ) ; i n t e r a c t i o n , s a l t * c a p s u l e s , B = - 3 . 2 0 0 ( t = - 2 . 7 5 9 , p = 0 . 0 0 6 ) ; c o n t r o l l i n g f o r u r b a n / r u r a l , e d u c a t i o n , e l e c t r i c i t y i n h o u s e ; c o n s t a n t = 3 1 3 3 . 5 , n = 3 8 5 3 , a d j R s q u = 0 . 0 0 4 .
Prevalence of underweight children in relation to iodized salt, controlling for maternal BMI
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Salt=0 Salt>=30
Iodine, ppm
Pre
va
len
ce
un
de
rwe
igh
t
Nepal, BMI<18.5
Nepal, BMI>18.5
India, BMI<18.5
India, BMI>18.5