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Ionic Compounds (p. 176 – 180, 203 – 211)
Ionic Compounds Most of the rocks and minerals that make up
Earth’s crust consist of positive and negative ions held together by ionic bonding.
An ionic compound is composed of positive and negative ions that are
combined so that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal.
Most ionic compounds exist as crystalline solids
Ionic Compounds The chemical formula of an ionic
compound merely represents the simplest ratio of the compound’s combined ions that gives electrical neutrality.
A formula unit is the simplest collection of atoms from which an ionic
compound’s formula can be established.
Crystal structure of NaCl
Ratio is 6:6 or 1:1
Crystal structure of CaF2
Dot Diagrams
show transfer of e-
Dot Diagramsshow transfer of e-
Electron Dots For Cations
Ca
Electron Dots For Cations
Ca
Electron Dots For Cations
Ca+2
Electron Dots For Anions
P P-3
Ionic Bonding
Ca+2 P -3
Ca+2P
-3
Ca+2
Ionic Bonding
Ca3P2
Calcium phosphide
Common Ion Charges
1+
2+ 3+NA 3- 2- 1-
0
Ionic Nomenclature
varies
Binary Ionic compoundsMade of two different elements
that have formed ionsEnd in -ide
Monatomic ions – p. 205 Ions formed from a single atom Metals from positive monatomic
ions Nonmetals form negative
monatomic ions ( nonmetal ions end in –ide, ex. Chlorine becomes the chloride ion)
Variable oxidation #’s Some elements have more than
one oxidation number. Groups 3 - 12, tin, lead. The stock
system of nomenclature uses roman numerals to indicate the oxidation number.
(p.205)
Al 3+ O 2-
Al 2 O 3
(6 +) + (6-) = 0
Formula is Al2O3
Write the formulas for these Lithium sulfide tin (II) oxide tin (IV) oxide Magnesium fluoride Silver chloride Iron (III) phosphide Iron (III) sulfide Potassium iodide
Write the formulas for these Sodium sulfide Aluminum sulfide Aluminum nitride Copper (II) bromide Iron (II) oxide Lead (II) chloride Mercury (II) sulfide
Compounds with polyatomic ions
Review the list on page 210 All are negative except the ammonium
ion Most are oxyanions (contain oxygen) When more than one polyatomic ion is
in a compound, parentheses must be placed around the polyatomic ion.
Compounds with polyatomic ions Copper (II) sulfate calcium nitrate barium nitrate Ammonium chloride ammonium sulfide Lithium nitrate Sodium carbonate Potassium perchlorate
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
Write the name of the cation firstWrite the root of the anion, end
in -ideNaCl = sodium chlorideMgBr2 = magnesium bromideKI = potassium iodideBaO = barium oxide
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
The problem comes with the variable transition metals.
You must determine the roman numeral.
CuOCoCl3 Cu2SFe2O3
SnCl2CrNSc3P2
PbOPbO2
Ionic Compounds with polyatomic ionsthe ending of the polyatomic ion doesn’t change
NaNO3
CaSO4
CuSO3
(NH4)2O
LiCN
Fe(OH)3
(NH4)2CO3
NiPO4
FeCrO4
Pb3(PO4)2
See Sample Problems 7-1,7-2,7-3(p.207,209,211) h.w. p. 236 # 27, 41,Handout p.2