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Ionic Liquids as Engineering Fluids Ionic Liquids as Engineering Fluids
Ionic Liquids as Engineering Fluids Ionic Liquids as Engineering Fluids
Ionic Liquids as Engineering Fluids
What do IL‘s offer as Engineering Fluids ?
non-flammable liquid with broad liquid range
high thermal, mechanical & chemical stability
low solubility for gases
very low compressibilty
attractive tribological properties (lubrication)
„being solids and liquids at the same time!“
Ionic Liquids as Engineering Fluids
BASF‘s IL-Portfolio for Engineering Liquids
these products are regularily produced @ BASF
in high quality and 100 kg‘s to tons quantities
EMIM Triflate
EMIM Tetrafluoroborate
EMIM Ethylsulfate
EMIM Methanesulfonate
EMIM Acetate
EMIM Diethylphosphate
EMIM TFSI *)
high thermal & chemical stability
low melting point, low viscosity
low viscosity, high thermal & chemical stability
very low melting point, low viscosity
low viscosity, hydrophobic
low melting point, low viscosity
high thermal stability
*) TFSI = bis(trifluormethanesulfonyl)imide; not availabale in the US
Ionic Liquids as Engineering Fluids
Example 1: Hydraulic Liquid „Ionic Compressor“
Gas Inlet Gas Outlet
PLCH2, CNG
key properties IL:
• no vapour pressure
• very low gas solubility
• broad liquid range
WO 2006/034.748 (LINDE)
„liquid piston“
Ionic Liquids as Engineering Fluids
Example 2: Oxygen Compression (LINDE)
O2 compression today labyrinth piston compressor
• dry running compressor without any lubrication
• high maintenance efforts and overall high costs
rotary screw compressor
Badmisch: 2 Stufiger Schraubenverdichter mit Verzweigungsgetriebe
• lubricating fluid absolutely neccessary !• challenge: stability against O2 under
increased pressure & temperature
Ionic Liquids as Engineering Fluids
Example 2: Oxygen Compression (LINDE)
key properties IL:• very low O2 solubility• chemical stability against O2 !!!• tribological behaviour (lubrication)WO 2008/027.008 (LINDE)
Ionic Liquid as Lubricant in O2 screw compressors:
development of LINDE together with University of Erlangen (Prof. Schlücker et.al. & Prof. Wasserscheid et.al.)
Imidazolium bis(trifluormethanesulfonyl)imides
N
N
R
R+
N
N
R
R++
R (F3CSO2)2N -
Ionic Liquids as Engineering Fluids
Example 3: Specialty Lubricants
What are the main challenges ?• high wear resistancies• material compatability / corrosion• „viscosity index“
application-specific IL formulations
visc
osity
temperature
conventional lubricantstandard IL
IL plus additive
What can IL‘s offer ?• high thermal, chemical and mechanical stability (esp. shear stability)• broad liquid range & minimal volatility• low friction coefficients
lubrication ...
... important wherever
motion counts
Ionic Liquids as Engineering Fluids
Example 4: Specialty Hydraulic Liquids
Hyd
raul
icR
amE
asto
n &
Am
os 1
851
oldest hydraulic liquid:water
still existing challenges - with Ionic Liquids offering solutions:non-flammable fluids !very low compressibilityvery low gas solubilities
new opportunity:Ionic Liquids
„best-of-both“
today mainly used:oil-based formulations
Ionic Liquids as Engineering Fluids
Example 5: Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps
volu
me
stre
am(m
3 /h)
pressure (mbar)
water
EMIM Ethylsulfat
WO 2006/029.884 (BASF)
BASIONICSTM
target: higher volume @ lower pressure
benchmark: water
EMIM Ethylsufate:positive results, but cavitation (H2O solubility !)BASIONICSTM:BASF-IL formulation with overall positive resultstrials together with Univ. of Erlangen & GARDENER DENVER
Ionic Liquids as Engineering Fluids
BASIONICSTM : Customized Products
experience: no single IL meets all criteria
requested for Engineering Fluids
range of products specifically adopted to
customer needs
optimization of performance properties(esp. viscosity / viscosity index, lubrication properties)
material compatibility (e.g. corrosion behaviour)
environmental aspects (e.g. toxicity, biodegradability)
Ionic Liquids as Engineering Fluids
How to get to the right BASIONICSTM IL ???
chemical composition („design“)cationanionadditive I (e.g. corrosion)additive II (e.g. lubrication)
compatibilitye.g. melting point / liquid range
thermal stabilitycorrosivity (metal, sealings) gas solubility
product safetye.g. LD 50 (oral / dermal)
biodegradabilityecotoxicologyflammabilty
performancee.g. lubrication properties
viscosity / viscosity indexelectric conductivityheat capacity
Ionic Liquids as Engineering Fluids
Conclusion
IL‘s are very valuable alternatives in developingengineering fluids and open new opportunities
„being solids and liquids at the same time“
the properties of IL‘s are a strong function of the ions
„design of properties by structural variation“
most of already evaluated applications: required property profile cannot be met by a single IL„customized IL formulations need to be developed“
Ionic Liquid
Design
Additives
