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IOT
POLY ENGINEERING3-6
Power Plants – EnginesTypes of Engines – Aircraft Engines
5. In-line engine a. Early aircraft, including Wright Brothers’.b. Advantage: narrow frontal area for low dragc. Disadvantage: Poor power-to-weight ratio (heavy
crankcase and crankshaft)In ALL engines, we want a high power-to-weight ratio.
POWER-TO-WEIGHT RATIO:amount of power you get out of the engine compared to the
weight of the engine itself
P Wt
IOT
POLY ENGINEERING3-6
Power Plants – EnginesTypes of Engines – Aircraft Engines
6. Rotary engine i.c.e.a. Early WWI b. Cylinders around crankcase, crankshaft bolted to airframec. Entire engine rotates with the propellerd. Advantages: Lightweight, powerful, cheap, easy to
manufacturee. Disadvantage: Difficult to fly, spread oil over plane
IOT
POLY ENGINEERING3-6
Power Plants – EnginesTypes of Engines – Aircraft Engines
7. Radial engine i.c.e.a. Post WWIb. Cylinders around crankcase, bolted to airframec. Propeller rotates with crankshaftd. Advantages: Good P/W ratio, cools evenly, runs smoothlye. Disadvantage: blunt and aerodynamically inefficient profile
IOT
POLY ENGINEERING3-6
Power Plants – Engines
Types of Engines – Gas Turbine
8. Gas Turbine1934: first “free-piston engine”
IOT
POLY ENGINEERING3-6
Power Plants – Engines
Types of Engines – Gas Turbine1) Compressor
Compresses incoming air to high pressure (up to 30 times)
2) Combustion AreaBurns fuel and produces high pressure, high velocity gas
3) TurbineExtracts energy from combustion
IOT
POLY ENGINEERING3-6
Power Plants – EnginesTypes of Engines – Gas Turbine
8. Gas Turbine (cont.)a. Advantages:
1) High power-to-weight ratio2) Smaller than reciprocating engines of same power
b. Disadvantages:1) Expensive2) High speeds and temperatures – materials3) More fuel while “idling”
IOT
POLY ENGINEERING3-6
Power Plants – EnginesTypes of Engines – Gas Turbine
8. Gas Turbine (cont.)c. Uses:
1) Jet Engines2) Electrical Generation3) Other Vehicles
1) Tanks2) Naval Vessels3) Automobiles
Power Plants – EnginesTypes of Engines – Gas Turbine
8. Gas Turbine (cont.)4) Turbine Jet Engine THRUST
Power Plants – EnginesTypes of Engines – Gas Turbine
8. Gas Turbine (continued)4) Turbofan
THRUST
IOT
POLY ENGINEERING3-6
Power Plants – EnginesTypes of Engines – Other Types
8. Other types of engines1) Bourke2) Wankel3) Sterling4) Carnot Heat Engine5) Controlled Combustion6) IRIS Engine7) Five-stroke8) Six-stroke
IOT
POLY ENGINEERING3-2
Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
PetroleumDistillation