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MITIGATING THE HUMAN-
ELEPHANT CONFLICTProposing a Intrusion Prevention System
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AGENDA
What is Human-Elephant Conflict ?
Cause of the Conflict
Statistical Data
Area of StudyTraditional Methods of Mitigating the Conflict
Intrusion Prevention System: Situational
Awareness
Proposed SolutionConcluding Remarks
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WHAT IS HUMAN-ELEPHANT
CONFLICT?
Human–elephant conflict is defined by theWorld Wide
Fund for Nature (WWF) as "any interaction between
humans and elephants that results in negative impacts on
human social, economic or cultural life, on the conservation
of elephant population, or on the environment.”
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CAUSE OF THE CONFLICT
The enormous increase in human population in
India propelled by agricultural and industrial
growth has led to the conversion of forest lands
into human settlements.
Elephant face acute shortage of resources such as
water and food, forcing them to often move into
human habitats.
The elephants are also subject to attack by
humans resulting in danger to the life of
elephants.
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WHY DO ELEPHANTS INTRUDE?
Fences and trenches compromised by people who
need access to forests.
Farm lands may funnel them to unprotected
adjacent villages.
Badly planned barriers that do not take elephant
behavior into consideration.
Denying elephant access to a critical water
source or foraging area.
Human activities create abundant secondary
vegetation that brings elephants closer to human
settlements.
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STATISTICAL DATA Every year, almost 300 humans and 40-50 elephants are killed
during crop raiding in India.-WWF
In Assam, more than 1,150 humans and 30 elephants died as a
result o! human-elephant con!lict "et#een 1$%0 and &003. -The
Rhino Foundation For Nature, NE India
Elephants are kno#n to destroy crops #orth up to '()&*3 million
annually- S.S. Bist
Asian elephant populations have declined !rom 100,000 to "et#een
35,000 and 50,000. +a"itat loss and con!lict #ith people are among
the "iggest threats to their continued survival.-WWF
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STATISTICAL DATA (CONTINUED)
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AREA OF STUDY: BANDIPUR
NATIONAL PARK
Survey was conducted on elephant deaths in the
year 2007- 2012 as a part of study on human
elephant conflict.
Two national highways connecting Mysore - Ooty
and Mysore - Calicut passes through the park.
As a result of conflict between elephant and man,
at an average rate of 6.5 deaths per year, thirty
nine elephant’s deaths have occurred in the park
during 2007-2012.Data on elephant deaths due to conflict related
cases shows more death of females and their age
classes ranged from 2 to 30 years.
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AREA OF STUDY: BANDIPUR
NATIONAL PARK (CONTINUED)
Loss of adult and sub-adult females (24) compare
to their counterpart (10) in a park may cause
significant effect on sex ratio.
Increased mortality of elephants especially
females decreases their gene pool.
If it happens even in the future it is very difficult
to maintain healthy sex rate in the park and
female population will be more vulnerable to
death.
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AREA OF STUDY: BANDIPUR
NATIONAL PARK (CONTINUED)
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Traditional methods devised by local
communities.
Using satellite technology as an early warningsystem -> Radio collars
Electric fences
Thermal detection
CURRENT METHODS OF MITIGATING
THE CONFLICT
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INTRUSION PREVENTION SYSTEM
Situational awareness has been
commercialized, and is now
available for wildlife security.
Personnel can now have the
benefit of automated surveillance,and see a live view of the entire
airfield on a workstation, laptop,
tablet, or their smart phone.
Systems may use RF, ultrasonic,
laser, optical techniques, to seeeverything that moves, from
planes and vehicles to people and
wildlife.
It then uses software to evaluate
whether the movements arenormal activity or a potential
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INTRUSION PREVENTION SYSTEM
(CONTINUED)
How long does it take to deploy a system ?
A single unit can be delivered and up and running on thesame day. Systems that require multiple units may takemultiple days or weeks to deploy and configure.
What level of servicing is required ?
Qualified engineers can log in remotely, to verify that thesystem is operating properly, and troubleshoot any problems that may arise.
At what ranges is the system effective for wildlife ?
The detection range for animals depends on the size of theanimal. umans are detected out to a range of !"#$ feet,elephants out to %!"$ feet, and large birds out to &$$$ feet.
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INTRUSION PREVENTION SYSTEM
(EXAMPLE)
If a deer is on the field at
night, for instance, the
system can be configured
to follow it with a
thermal camera, wait 10seconds, and then trigger
a remote wildlife
mitigation device to scare
it away. If the problem
persists, it can send atext message to a
security officer to look at
the live image from his
smart phone.
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PROPOSED SOLUTION
• Elephant herds steer clear from animals like tigers, lions
and also African bees.• The perimeter of the farm consists of infrared intrusion
detectors kept at a height of 11 feet which is average
elephant height.• When a intrusion of an elephant is detected the pre-
recorded noises of above mentioned animal are played.
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INFRARED BASED INTRUSION
DETECTOR
The detector triggers the speakers when there is a
simultaneous interruption of the two infrared beams.
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SPEAKERS AND AUDIO DATABASE
Once an elephant intrusion is detected, the
prerecorded animal sounds are played in the
speaker.
Tiger growls can be heard clearly from
approximately 1km away, hence at least a 1KW
speaker has to be used.
The pre recorded animal sounds are stored in a
database.
The animal sounds to be played are picked
randomly.
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THE BRAIN-BEAGLE BONE
The beagle bone has the following
specs• 1GHz ARM Cortex A8•
512MB DDR3 RAM• 4GB 8-bit eMMC on-board flash
storage• Can run Ubuntu• USB client for power &
communications• Ethernet• 2x 46 pin headers• Can alert remote observation
center
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POWER SUPPLY
• Power is fed from the farmer’s house.• Powers a battery attached to inverter.• Requires 3 adapters to power speaker, sensors and
beagle bone.
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CONCLUDING REMARKS
There is a need minimize elephant conflicts in order to protect human
health and safety, maintain biodiversity and reduce property damage.
While prevention is always the best approach, a more forceful
response is sometimes used when there is a significant risk to human
health.
The aim of proposed solution to reduce the potential for human-
elephant conflicts in order to protect life and limb, safety and security
of animal populations, habitat and general biodiversity, and also to
minimize damage to property.
The preference is always for passive, non-intrusive prevention
measures but often active intervention is required to be carried out in
conjunction.