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Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
Iowa Environmental MesonetIowa Environmental MesonetPast, Present, & FuturePast, Present, & Future
Dr Dennis TodeyDaryl Herzmann
Department of AgronomyIowa State University
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
Seminar Outline
● IEM Past– Background information– Building the IEM
● IEM Present– Current impacts in the state and the nation– Status of project areas
● IEM Future– Potential partnerships– Augmenting networks
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
THE PAST!!!
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
ASOS Network
● Larger Airports● 15 sites● Flagship network● 1+ obs per hour
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
AWOS Network
● 37 Sites● 4 of them just recently
added VTI,MPZ,PEA,IIB
● FOD and CWI are really ASOSish
● 3 obs per hour
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
NWS COOP
● ~160 sites in Iowa.● Report 1x or 2x per
day● 'Official' observations
of climate
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
DCP / USGS
● > 150 stations● Mostly river gauges,
some have atmos● Report every 15-60
minutes, but delayed.
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
ISU Ag Climate Network
● 12 sites located at ISU Exp farms
● Report hourly, but delayed by one day
● Additional soil sensors will be added soon.
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
DOT RWIS
● 50 (48) sites located along roadways
● 4 obs per hour● Pavement and bridge
deck sensors
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
Soil Climate Analysis Network
● 2 sites in Iowa● Shagbark Hills was
recently added.● 1 ob per hour● 5 soil levels● (High-end ISUAG
stations)
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
KCCI SchoolNet
● Currently, 44 sites.● ~400 obs per hour● Instantaneous winds● Very cool
applications.
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
KELO SchoolNet
● Currently, 14 sites● Recently added on 12
Sept 2002● ~400 obs per hour● 5 sites without
humidity sensors
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
Add them all up...
REALTIME DATA HISTORICAL ARCHIVEStationsObs/Station Obs / Day Obs/Station Obs / Day
ASOS 15 24 360 24 360AWOS 37 72 2,664 1440 53,280DCP 150 75 11,250 75 11,250RWIS 50 72 3,600 96 4,800ISU AG 12 24 288 24 288SCAN 2 24 48 24 48COOP 100 1 100 1 100SchoolNet 45 72 3,240 1440 64,800
411 21,550 134,926
23 Sept 2002 Total: 19761
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
Recent Conferences
● NCAR: 'GIS in Weather, Climate and Impacts'– 12-14 August 2002 -- Boulder, Colorado– Presented on the IEM's GIS efforts and sat on a
discussion panel.
● Barons RADAR Training Conference– 23-25 August 2002 -- Huntsville, Alabama– Presented on IEM work with KCCI's SchoolNet.– Overwelming response.
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
THE PRESENT!!!
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
IEM & GIS
● Firstly, what is GIS?– 'Geographic Information Systems'
● What is it though?– GIS is not ESRI, but ESRI is a GIS.– My definition, 'Intelligent Spatial System'
● While most people can't agree on a definition, they can look at a system and deem it as a GIS.
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
IEM GIS Efforts
● Web Applications– Built on MapServer– Backend data accessed via PostGIS database
● GIS Datasets– Current school network conditions– NEXRAD imagery shapefiles, geo-referenced images– NWS COOP Climate data
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
Ex 1. Where's it raining?
● Current NEXRAD base reflectivity
● 15 minute schoolNet precip totals shown
● GIS Layers– Counties / States– NEXRAD image– SchoolSites (Spatial
DB)
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
Ex 2: Spatial Precip Viewer
● Qualitative comparison of NEXRAD precip and observations.
● Incorperates many GIS layers.
● Provides links at the bottom to GIS datasets.
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
3-4 June 2002: Heavy Rainfall
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
Ex 3: NEXRAD imagery with warnings
● Real-time ingestion of warnings into Spatial DB.
● Plots both county based and polygon based warnings.
● Zoomable and Queriable.
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
Ex 4: Iowa Tornado Database
● Historical tornado reports are mined in the database.
● The dataset is querible and visualized with the help of GIS!
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
Ex 5: Pretty Plots
● With the help of PHP Mapscript, plots such as this one are a breeze!
● This plot was dynamicallly generated based on stations of the users choice.
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
IEM Laundry List
(Things that give me headaches and make me lose sleep at night.)
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
Averaging the schoolNet winds
Wind data sampled every minute
Wind data averagedevery minute.(roughly 10 obs)
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
AWOS Precipitation
Time Counter08:45:00 1.0108:46:00 1.0208:47:00 1.0308:48:00 1.1008:49:00 1.1208:50:00 1.1208:51:00 1.1508:52:00 1.1608:53:00 1.1708:54:00 1.1708:55:00 1.1708:56:00 0.0108:57:00 0.01
The observation at :45 after is sent inthe METAR report. The actual total at:55 after is never reported.
The result is that precip data from 10 minutes out of every hour is not reported. This is roughly a 17%under-estimation.
Clarinda's (ICL) precip counter resetsat :45 after, so METAR precip from the site is not missing data.
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
AWOS Precip ComparisonM ay 2002 Iowa AWOS Precip Report1 Minute Data Archive 20 Minute CLH Feed
station Total Hours Missing Total Hours Missing DifferenceADU 3.66 2 2.73 28 -0.93AIO 3.91 2 3.1 33 -0.81AWG 5.85 10 4.59 40 -1.26AXA 2.06 0 1.6 29 -0.46BNW 4.02 38 2.88 66 -1.14CAV 2.29 3 2.08 29 -0.21CBF 2.88 1 2.19 38 -0.69CCY 3.08 0 2.21 29 -0.87CIN 3.61 3 2.76 39 -0.85CNC 4.53 3 3.6 41 -0.93CSQ 3.89 4 3.23 30 -0.66DEH 2.14 149 1.21 167 -0.93DNS 2.77 0 2.06 33 -0.71EBS 3.27 21 2.88 45 -0.39EOK 0.53 76 0.51 103 -0.02FFL 7.18 1 5.98 27 -1.2FSW 6.4 0 4.99 34 -1.41HNR 4.88 22 3.69 47 -1.19ICL 0.63 83 0.65 115 0.02IKV 2.95 0 2.44 27 -0.51LRJ 2.75 1 1.91 28 -0.84
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
Missing AWOS Data
● Around midnight, the DOT's mainframe goes offline for backups.
● So does the AWOS data feed.
● This data is never recovered in the METAR feed.
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
NWS Coding standards
● 'More than 50% of NWS severe weather Watch, Warning, and Adisory products contain coding or formatting errors' - A. Marvin McInnis
● Some ASOS Daily Summary Messages (DSM) are not given a correct WMO header, thus the products are dropped at the NWS Gateway.
● NWS COOP reporting is done on a per-WFO basis. The reported SHEF data is sent with much different meanings.
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
COOP RTP Data Reports
● Des Moines, LaCrosse– DH07/TX/TN/PP
● Sioux Falls– RTP product is not SHEF encoded. RR1-3 come in
with meaningful timestamps
● Davenport– DH07/TAIRZX/TAIRZN/PPDRZZ/SFDRZZ/SDIRZZ
● Omaha– DH07/TAIRZX/TAIRZN/PPD/SF/SD
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
IEM Tracker
● Built on Portfolio.● Tracks meta-data about IEM sites.● Tracks trouble tickets for site repairs and offline
status alerts.● Integrated with the mesonet via the database.
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
IEM Tracker / Offline Status
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
Example IEM Tracker Alert
Date: Mon, 16 Sep 2002 07:21:12 -0500From: Iowa Environ Mesonet <[email protected]>To: [email protected]: [IEM] Council Bluffs (I-80) Online
############################################# Iowa Environmental Mesonet ## - RWIS Network Station Status ############################################# Council Bluffs (I-80) is back Online! Great! Last Observation was received at: 2002-09-16 12:07:04.00 GMT Trouble Ticket ID: 1255 has been cleared.
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
IEM Tracker Impacts
● In 3 months, IEM Tracker has generated ~1200 trouble tickets!!!
● ~2,400 emails sent to network admins and site contacts.
● ~2,800 pieces of meta-data entered into the database.
● Provides excellent proof of site problems.● Observing network reliability has increased for
every network using IEM Tracker.
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
Visual Look at IEM Tracker
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
Interactive Plotting Fun.
● The IEM utilizes a dynamic PHP plotting package called JpGraph to generate most of its interactive plots.
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
THE FUTURE!!!
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
WAP IEM
● Building mechanisms to place IEM data on cell-phones, PDAs, GPS units.
● Focus of providing just-in-time data for decision support.
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
Future/Continuing Efforts
● IEM-DataVision– All in one, data viewing/dl/comparing application
● QUALITY CONTROL– Visually on plots and flags in datasets
● Web-site streamlining● IEM-Freeze
– Multi-sensor, GIS based, freezing rain identification
● GIS, GIS, GIS
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
Future Conferences.
● 21-24 October 2002– National Weather Association Conference– Will receive the 'Larry R Johnson' award for
significant contributions to operational Meteorology.
● 9-13 February 2003– American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting– Will present at the first GIS focused session of the
IIPS conference
Iowa Environmental Mesonet http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu
Questions?
Daryl Herzmann
3015 Agronomy Hall
515.294.5978