Ipaddressing 3rd Lecture

7/31/2019 Ipaddressing 3rd Lecture

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1 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

CCNA 1 v3.0 Module 9TCP/IP Protocol Suite and IP

Addressing




Purpose of This PowerPoint

• This PowerPoint primarily consists of the TargetIndicators (TIs) of this module in CCNA version3.0.

• It was created to give instructors a PowerPoint to

take and modify as their own.• This PowerPoint is:

NOT a study guide for the module final assessment.

NOT a study guide for the CCNA certification exam.

• Please report any mistakes you find in thisPowerPoint by using the Academy ConnectionHelp link.




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Objectives

•

Introduction to TCP/IP• Internet addresses

• Obtaining an IP address




Introduction to TCP/IP




History and Future of TCP/IP

• The U.S. Department ofDefense (DoD) createdthe TCP/IP reference

model because itwanted a network thatcould survive anyconditions.

•

Some of the layers inthe TCP/IP model havethe same name aslayers in the OSI model.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ipaddressing-3rd-lecture 7/33777 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Application Layer

• Handles high-level protocols, issues ofrepresentation, encoding, and dialog

control.• The TCP/IP protocol suite combines all

application related issues into one layerand ensures this data is properly

packaged before passing it on to the nextlayer.



Application Layer Examples





Transport Layer Protocols



Internet Layer

The purpose of the Internet layer is to sendpackets from a network node and have themarrive at the destination node independent of thepath taken.



Network Access Layer

•

The network access layer is concerned with all ofthe issues that an IP packet requires to actuallymake a physical link to the network media.

• It includes the LAN and WAN technology details,

and all the details contained in the OSI physicaland data link layers.



Comparing the OSI Model and TCP/IP Model



Similarities of the OSI and TCP/IP Models

• Both have layers.

• Both have application layers, though theyinclude very different services.

• Both have comparable transport andnetwork layers.

• Packet-switched, not circuit-switched,

technology is assumed.

• Networking professionals need to knowboth models.



Differences of the OSI and TCP/IP Models

• TCP/IP combines the presentation andsession layer into its application layer.

• TCP/IP combines the OSI data link and

physical layers into one layer.

• TCP/IP appears simpler because it hasfewer layers.

• TCP/IP transport layer using UDP does notalways guarantee reliable delivery ofpackets as the transport layer in the OSImodel does.



Internet Architecture

• Two computers, anywhere in the world,following certain hardware, software,

protocol specifications, can communicate,reliably even when not directly connected.

• LANs are no longer scalable beyond a

certain number of stations or geographicseparation.



Internet Addresses



IP Addressing

• An IP address is a 32-bit sequence of 1s and 0s.

• To make the IP address easier to use, theaddress is usually written as four decimal

numbers separated by periods.

• This way of writing the address is called thedotted decimal format.



Decimal and Binary Conversion




IPv4 Addressing




Class A, B, C, D, and E IP Addresses




Reserved IP Addresses

• Certain host addressesare reserved and cannotbe assigned to devices ona network.

• An IP address that hasbinary 0s in all host bitpositions is reserved forthe network address.

• An IP address that hasbinary 1s in all host bitpositions is reserved forthe network address.




Public and Private IP Addresses

• No two machines that connect to a public network canhave the same IP address because public IP addressesare global and standardized.

• However, private networks that are not connected to theInternet may use any host addresses, as long as eachhost within the private network is unique.

• RFC 1918 sets aside three blocks of IP addresses forprivate, internal use.

• Connecting a network using private addresses to theInternet requires translation of the private addresses topublic addresses using Network Address Translation(NAT).




Introduction to Subnetting

• To create a subnet address, a networkadministrator borrows bits from the hostfield and designates them as the subnetfield.




IPv4 versus IPv6

• IP version 6 (IPv6)has been defined anddeveloped.

• IPv6 uses 128 bitsrather than the 32 bitscurrently used in IPv4.

• IPv6 uses

hexadecimal numbersto represent the 128bits.

IPv4




Obtaining an IP Address




Obtaining an Internet Address

• Static addressing

Each individual device must be configured with anIP address.

• Dynamic addressing

Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)

Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

DHCP initialization sequence

Function of the Address Resolution Protocol

ARP operation within a subnet




Static Assignment of IP Addresses

•

Each individualdevice must beconfigured with anIP address.

Reverse Address Resolution Protocol




Reverse Address Resolution Protocol(RARP)

MAC HEADER IP HEADERRARP REQUEST

MESSAGE

Destination

FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF

Source

FE:ED:FD:23:44:EF

Destination

255.255.255.255

Source

????????

What is my IPaddress?




BOOTP IP

• The Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) operatesin a client/server environment and onlyrequires a single packet exchange toobtain IP information.

• BOOTP packets can include the IPaddress, as well as the address of a

router, the address of a server, andvendor-specific information.




Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

• Allows a host to obtain an IP address

using a defined range of IP addresses on aDHCP server.

• As hosts come online, contact the DHCP

server, and request an address.




Problems in Address Resolution

•

In TCP/IP communications, a datagram on a local-area network must contain both a destination MACaddress and a destination IP address.

• There needs to be a way to automatically map IP to

MAC addresses.• The TCP/IP suite has a protocol, called Address

Resolution Protocol (ARP), which canautomatically obtain MAC addresses for localtransmission.

• TCP/IP has a variation on ARP called Proxy ARPthat will provide the MAC address of anintermediate device for transmission outside theLAN to another network segment.



Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

•Each device on a networkmaintains its own ARP table.

• A device that requires an IP andMAC address pair broadcasts anARP request.

•If one of the local devices matchesthe IP address of the request, itsends back an ARP reply thatcontains its IP-MAC pair.

• If the request is for a different IPnetwork, a router performs a proxy

ARP.• The router sends an ARP

response with the MAC address ofthe interface on which the requestwas received, to the requestinghost.

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Ipaddressing 3rd Lecture

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