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IPC 9.BRelate the concentration of ions in
a solution to physical and chemical properties such as pH,
electrolytic behavior, and reactivity.
• In the example above, the salt (NaCl) separates into ions which become dissolved in the water.
• The polar nature of water molecules allows them to easily pull ions into solution.
Ions in solution can change the properties of the solution.
Electrolyte – with ions
Conducts electricity
Non-electrolyte – without ions
Does not conduct electricity
A BASE is any chemical substance that produces and
donates a hydroxide ion (OH-)
into the solution
An ACID is any chemical substance that produces and donates hydrogen ions (H+) into the
solution
Sometimes a Basic
substance is said to be alkaline.
pH measures H+ ions in solution
High H+ Concentration
Low OH- Concentration
Low H+ Concentration
High OH- Concentration
Equal H+ and OH-
Measuring pH
• pH can be measured with several different tools:– Litmus paper (red or blue)– pH paper– pH meter– Indicators
IPC 9.DDemonstrate how various factors
influence solubility including temperature, pressure, and nature of
the solute and solvent
Solubility = Dissolvability
• To increase the amount of a solid, like sugar, that can be dissolved in a liquid– Crush the solid into smaller particles– Heat the liquid– Stir the liquid
All of these can affect the rate at which a solid dissolves in water except —
A decreasing air pressure
B stirring the water
C increasing the temperature of the water
D using larger crystals of the solid
A 0.2 g crystal of gypsum dissolves very slowly in 100 mL of water while the water is stirred. Which of these would cause the gypsum to dissolve faster?
F Decreasing the water temperature
G Stopping the stirring
H Lowering the air pressure
J Crushing the crystal
What are the 3 ways to increase the rate at
which a solid dissolves?
Heat it!
Crush it!
Stir it!
ANSWER?
J
How much solute will dissolve?
• A solubility curve shows the amount of each solute that will dissolve in 100g H20 at each temperature.
• Saturated is on the line. • Unsaturated is below the
line. • Supersaturated is above the
line.
At which temperature do KBr and KNO3 have the same solubility?
A 27°C
B 48°C
C 65°C
D 80°C
Pressure and Solubility of Gasses
• The higher the pressure above a liquid, the more gas can be dissolved in the liquid.
Try this one!
49 According to the graph, about how muchhemoglobin would be saturated at an O2pressure of 7.3 kPa?A 32%B 67%C 89%D 92%
You can dissolve
more gas in a cold liquid than a hot
liquid!