IPCC Good Practice Guidance

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INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES PROGRAMME

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IPCC Good Practice Guidance

Simon Eggleston

Technical Support Unit

National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Programme

IPCC

Technical Support Unit, National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Programme, IPCC

National Systems

Should be designed and operated to enable Parties included in Annex 1 to consistently estimate anthropogenic emission by all sources and removals by all sinks of all GHGs, as covered by the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and IPCC good practice guidance, in accordance with relevant decisions of the COP and/or COP/MOP

– FCCC/CP/2001/13/Add13, Decision 20.CP.7 Annex 1 Art 9


What are the IPCC Guidelines?

Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (3 Volumes)

Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National greenhouse Gas Inventories (2000)

Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (2003)


What is Good Practice?

Assists countries in producing inventories that are accurate in the sense of being neither over nor underestimates so far as can be judged, and in which uncertainties are reduced as far as possible

Gives a way to manage uncertainties


Good Practice…

Supports the development of inventories that are: Transparent Documented Consistent over time Complete Comparable Assessed for uncertainties Subject to quality control and assurance Efficient in the use of resources available to

inventory agencies In which uncertainties are gradually reduced as

better information becomes available

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Key Source Analysis & Methodological Choice

What is it and why is it important?


Key Source Analysis

Identifies sources with significant impact on total emissions or trend

The largest accounting for 95% of emissions are “KEY SOURCES” Not include LULUCF

Additional qualitative criteria as well

Assessment of trend as well

Can also include uncertainty information

Suggested aggregation of sectors in guidance

Expect this to identify 10-20 sources


Key Source Analysis

Outcomes Higher tier methodologies should be used for Key

Sectors Additional attention to QA/QC of key sources Resources are focused on sources with significant

impact on total emission estimate Best use of available resources Reduce uncertainties as much as practical

Key Category analysis for LULUCF Similar to Key Sector including LULUCF Do as well as Key Source


Methodological Choice

Guided by Key source analysis

Decision trees in GPG 2000 and 2003

Tier 1 are simple methods with default values

Tier 2 are similar but with country specific emission factors and other data

Tier 3 are more complex approaches, possibly models. However should be compatible with lower tiers.

START

Fuel S tatisticsby Locm otive

type?

Is this a KeySource?

CalculateEm ission using Eq

3.4.2

CalcultateEm ission using Eq

3.4.1

Box 2: Tier 2

Box 1: Tier 1

Yes

No

No

Estim ate FuelCousum ption byLocom otive type

Yes

CountrySpecific 1 Data

Available

CalculateEm ission usingdetailled m odel

and factors

Box 1: Tier 3

Yes

No


Data Needs

Again GPG 2000 and 2003 give guidance on

activity data needed for different tiers

QA/QC of data

Checking

Documentation requirements

Aim should be data that is representative, reliable and consistent over time

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Uncertainty Evaluations

Causes of uncertainty and how to deal with it


Uncertainty Evaluation

An essential part of an inventory Helps prioritise efforts to improve accuracy Guide decisions on methodological choice Most inventories and sources are reasonably

reliable HOWEVER some sources may be order of

magnitude estimates Difficult or impossible to quantify and completely

characterise all inventory uncertainties Pragmatic approach - Use best available data and

expert judgement


Uncertainties

Need uncertainties in all parameters used, preferably need pdf as well (activity data AND emission factors) Use 95% confidence interval

These need to be documented, reviewed and used to estimate total inventory uncertainty

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Sources of Uncertainty Estimates

Measurement errors Uncertainties in factors Use of Statistics Application of emission factors Representivity (or lack of it!) Expert Judgement – expert elicitation Models – applicability

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Recalculations

What to do if consistent time series methodology not

possible


Recalculations

Why?

Available data changed

Previous method not good practice

A source category has become key

Cannot transparently reflect mitigation

Inventory capacity increased

New methods become available

New sources identified

Errors corrected


Recalculations

Good practice to use same method and consistent data for all years

If not possible:

Try new methods to get data

Splicing Overlap (best)

Surrogate

Interpolation

Trend Extrapolation

Documentation!

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QA/QC

What, Why and How?


Quality Control

is a system of routine technical activities, to measure and control the quality of the inventory as it is being developed. The QC system is designed to:

Provide routine and consistent checks to ensure data integrity, correctness, and completeness;

Identify and address errors and omissions;

Document and archive inventory material and record all QC activities.


Quality Assurance

Quality Assurance (QA) activities include a planned system of review procedures conducted by personnel not directly involved in the inventory compilation/ development process.

Reviews, preferably by independent third parties, should be performed upon a finalised inventory following the implementation of QC procedures.


QA/QC – Major Elements

An inventory agency responsible for coordinating QA/QC activities;

A QA/QC plan;

General QC procedures (Tier 1);

Source category-specific QC procedures (Tier 2);

QA review procedures;

Reporting, documentation, and archiving procedures.


Quality Control (Tier 1)

Check assumptions and selection of data are documented

Check for transcription errors and references Check units and conversion factors Check integrity of database files Check data consistency between sources Check movement of data between steps correct Check uncertainties are estimated correctly Undertake review of documentation Check recalculations Make completeness checks Compare estimates to previous ones


Quality Control (Tier 2)

Focus on key sources

Where used check if IPCC defaults appropriate

QA/QC of country specific factors

QA/QC of direct emissions

Emission comparisons Order of magnitude checks

Reference calculations

QA/QC of national data from secondary sources

QC of uncertainty estimates

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Review and Documentation

Critical Steps


Review (not UNFCCC!)

Expert peer review By relevant technical experts

Not and Audit

Can be supplemented by stakeholder review and public review mechanisms

Document review and inventory response

Audits Check compliance with minimum QC specifications

and QC plan

Check both Inventory QC and source specific QC

Can occur at various stages in inventory development


Documentation

Assumptions and criteria for selection of activity data and emission factors;

Emission factors used, including references; Activity data or sufficient information to it to be traced to the

referenced source; Information on the uncertainty associated with activity data and

emission factors; Rationale for choice of methods; Methods used, including those used to estimate uncertainty; Changes in data inputs or methods from previous years; Individuals providing expert judgement for uncertainty estimates; Databases or software used and any information required for their

use; Worksheets and interim calculations for source category estimates

and aggregated estimates and any recalculations of previous estimates;

Final inventory report and any analysis of trends from previous years;

QA/QC plans and outcomes of QA/QC procedures.


Conclusions

IPCC Good Practice Guidance

Key Source analysis and Methodological Choice

Uncertainty evaluations

Recalculations

Quality Control and Assurance

Review

Documentation

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IPCC Good Practice Guidance

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