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ipea Brazil: The State of a Nation Project OverviewIpea Christian Vonbun and Paulo TafnerPresentation prepared for the visit to IDB on October, 2006.Instituto de Pesquisa Econmica AplicadaInstitute for Applied Economic Research
ipea Motivation and objectives;Dimensions of the analysis;Methodology;Previous Editions overview:2005 Edition;2006 Edition2007 Edition project;Brazil: The State of a Nation 2006 in focus.Instituto de Pesquisa Econmica AplicadaInstitute for Applied Economic ResearchBrazil: The State of a Nation Yearbook
ipea Motivation: To address the lack of relevant technical information concerning Brazilian developments reality and challenges, in order to enlighten its debate.Projects Objectives:- to supply a simple and discerning diagnosis about the economic, social and institutional status in Brazil.- to stimulate the debate on the sources of our fundamental problems and on the reflections about the possible solutions.Instituto de Pesquisa Econmica AplicadaInstitute for Applied Economic ResearchBrazil: The State of a Nation Yearbook
ipea Dimensions of the analysis:Economic growth;Productive complexity;Equality of opportunities;Institutional maturity;Public sector efficiency.Instituto de Pesquisa Econmica AplicadaInstitute for Applied Economic ResearchBrazil: The State of a Nation Yearbook
ipea Target readers:
Non-specialized educated public;- Researchers and Research Institutions; Civil society organizations, Lawmakers, Policy makers, Opinion makers. Instituto de Pesquisa Econmica AplicadaInstitute for Applied Economic ResearchBrazil: The State of a Nation Yearbook
ipea Instituto de Pesquisa Econmica AplicadaInstitute for Applied Economic ResearchBrazil: The State of a Nation YearbookMethodology: Choosing the theme
Coordinator/editor
President of IpeaResearchers and consultantsBoard of DirectorsTheme proposalsPre-selected themesFinal theme + avaluable contributionsPossible contributions to the themeExternal consultantsContracting after board approvalPossible contributions to the theme
ipea Instituto de Pesquisa Econmica AplicadaInstitute for Applied Economic ResearchBrazil: The State of a Nation YearbookMethodology: Chapters Base text
Coordinator/editor
Open seminarResearchers, consultantsand support staffNew versionsExternal debatersChapters Final versionsChapter coordinatorsSupport papersPrimary versionsdiscussionDiscussionNew inputsInternal seminar
ipea Instituto de Pesquisa Econmica AplicadaInstitute for Applied Economic ResearchBrazil: The State of a Nation YearbookMethodology: Final text
Coordinator/editor
2nd Internal seminarResearchers, consultantsAnd support staffExternal debatersNew InputsChapter coordinatorsSupport papersdiscussiondiscussionPreliminaryConsolidated versionNew inputsInternal seminarProposal of the Final textPresident of Ipea and BoardFinal Approval
ipea The 2005 Edition: Instituto de Pesquisa Econmica AplicadaInstitute for Applied Economic ResearchTheme: Development and social inclusion, highlighting the perspectives for Brazilian youth.
ipea Instituto de Pesquisa Econmica AplicadaEditors: Fernando Rezende and Paulo Tafner Chapters and Coordinators:1. Stability and Growth Rgis Bonelli2. Inovation and Competitiveness Eduardo Viotti, Mario Salerno and Joo Alberto De Negri 3. Poverty and Social Exclusion Hamilton Tolosa 4. Citizenship and Participation Wanderley Guilherme dos Santos and Argelina Cheibub Figueiredo 5. Territory and Nation Clelio Campolina Diniz 6. Amazon: development and sovereignity Bertha Becker 7. The State and the Federation Fabrcio Oliveira and Fernando Rezende8. Youth in Brazil Ricardo Paes de Barros, Mirela de Carvalho, Samuel Franco and Paulo Tafner The 2005 Edition
ipea Instituto de Pesquisa Econmica AplicadaInstitute for Applied Economic ResearchThe 2006 EditionTheme: Labor market, employment and informality.
ipea Instituto de Pesquisa Econmica AplicadaThe 2006 EditionEditor: Paulo Tafner Chapters and coordinators:The monetary effort and stability Roberto IglesiasDemography: recent demographic performance and perspectives Ana Amlia Camarano Education and formation of Brazilian labor force Cludio Moura CastroInstitutions, labor market and reform Edward AmadeoLabor market performance 1991-2005 Lauro RamosLabor Market, Technology and Innovation Fernanda De Negri Public Policies for Employment and Income Jos Celso Cardoso Brazilian Social Security System Milko Matijascic
ipea Instituto de Pesquisa Econmica AplicadaInstitute for Applied Economic ResearchThe 2007 Edition:Editor: Paulo TafnerTheme: The efficiency of the Brazilian Government- What must be accomplished to make Brazilian Government more efficient and more effective in providing public goods and services?Motivation: Brazil has one of the worlds highest tax burdens and a high public debt, but despite having improved a lot in the last decade, the provision of public services is insufficient and inadequate, specially for the poorest.
ipea Instituto de Pesquisa Econmica AplicadaInstitute for Applied Economic ResearchThe 2007 Edition:Main Objectives:- To supply a simple but discerning diagnosis of service delivery in Brazil; - To stimulate the debate about the governments inefficiency, effectiveness, and cost-cutting;- To draw a set of incentives, seeking to enhance services delivery in Brazil, and- To indicate institutional improvements, in order to increase the governments performance and to reinforce relationships of accountability among policymakers, providers and citizens.
ipea Instituto de Pesquisa Econmica AplicadaInstitute for Applied Economic ResearchThe State of a Nations main focal research axis:- Public service delivery efficiency:This axis focuses on aspects of services delivery such as: types of public service supply (direct, indirect or partnership), controlling and monitoring processes (centralized or decentralized) and the ways for social participation enlargement on determining and controlling delivery service;- Legal, judiciary and regulatory efficiencies:Focuses on institutions, like laws, regulations and the judicial system, as well as the enforcement capacity of the government;The 2007 Edition
ipea Instituto de Pesquisa Econmica AplicadaInstitute for Applied Economic ResearchThe State of a Nations main focal points (cont.):- Managerial and Administrative efficiency: Concerns the way the government allocates its resources. Special attention must be paid to the legal mechanisms that regulate the governments activities, mainly those related to the processes of goods and services acquisitions and to the administration of human resources;- Fiscal efficiency: Involves the quality of budget administration, the fiscal balance and how to improve the use of budgeting process in a strategic way for increasing quality and performance of the government. It also concerns the quality of taxes and its impact upon the economy.The 2007 Edition
ipea Institute for Applied Economic ResearchBRAZIL THE STATE OF A NATIONLabor Market, Employment and Informality 2006Christian Vonbun and Paulo TafnerOct, 2006Instituto de Pesquisa Econmica Aplicada
Between 1992 and 2004 the unemployment rate rose from 7.2% to 9.7%. The worst year was 1999: 10.4%. From 2001 to 2004 it stabilized, around 10%.In all regions but the South, the number of unemployed increased 80% (Brazil: 78.4%). In South it rose 50%. Largest expansions were in metropolitan regions (95,2%). Non-metropolitan regions experienced a 66.4% expansion. IntroductionBRAZIL THE STATE OF A NATIONLabor Market, Employment and Informality
Women were particularly affected by unemployment. Among them, it has grown 107.7%, reflecting an increase in their participation rate (42.4% in 1992 to 48,2% in 2004). In 2004, female unemployment was 13.5%, versus 7.9% for men.In that period, employed population grew by 28.5% to 78.7m. This is a net creation of 17.5m jobs.The increase in employed population was more concentrated in metropolitan areas than in non-metropolitan areas. IntroductionBRAZIL THE STATE OF A NATIONLabor Market, Employment and Informality
Industrial employment growth was shy, between 1992 and 2004, and moved to small and mid-sized cities.More then half the workforce is in the informal sector. Metropolitan informality rose from 38.3% to 44.1% (1992-2004) and non-metropolitan informality fell from 58.5% to 54.6%. So, the total degree of informality was mostly unchanged in this interval.In that 12 year period, informality hardly changed across the contrys five regions. It fell in C-W and grew in the SW. IntroductionBRAZIL THE STATE OF A NATIONLabor Market, Employment and Informality
IntroductionBRAZIL THE STATE OF A NATIONLabor Market, Employment and Informality
F1
Figura 1
Resultados do mercado de trabalhoSistema Educacional
Macroeconomia (demanda de bens e servios)Desempenho do mercado de trabalhoQualidade e quantidade da fora de trabalho
Funcionamento do mercado de trabalhoPadro Demogrfico
Instituies do mercado de trabalho, regulamentaes, intervenes
F2
Figura 2
PIA
PNEA
PEA
PEA Marginal
PEA Efetiva
Auto-consumo
Construo Prpria
OcupaoDesocupao
No-remunerado
Composio por:Composio por:
-Sexo-Sexo
-Idade-Idade
-Escolaridade-Escolaridade
-Posio na ocupao-Posio no Domiclio
-Setor de Atividade-Recorte Espacial
-Posio no Domiclio
-Recorte Espacial
F3
Figura 3
Populao
178,604,594
PIA
147,204,0660.8241896958
PEAPNEA
91,035,16456,168,9020.50970225320.6184283252
0.31448744260.3815716748
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE
F4
Figura 4
PEA IBGE
91,035,164
PEA Marginal
3,869,780
PEA Efetiva
87,165,384Auto Consumo
3,008,969
OcupadosDesocupadosConst. Prpria
78,693,9788,471,40666,021
No Remunerado
794,790
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE
F5
Figura 5
por Escolaridade
0-3 anos15,482,4660.197329587315,528,6500.197329587378,459,932
4-7 anos21,132,6160.269342777421,195,6550.2693427774234,046
8-10 anos13,645,7580.173920084513,686,4630.1739200845
11+ anos28,199,0920.359407550928,283,2100.3594075509
78,459,932178,693,978
por Posio no Domiclio
Chefe36,833,977
No Chefe41,860,001
Ocupadospor Posio na Ocupao
Total78,693,978Protegidos32,754,239
Homens46625902Sem carteira19,928,6740.5924964424
Mulheres32068076Conta Prpria18,015,3850.4075035576
N-Remunerado4,562,824
Empregadores3,430,993
por rea
Metropolitana24,844,4870.3157101424
N-Metrop.53,849,4910.6842898576
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE
F6
Figura 6
por Escolaridade
0-3 anos1080942.06.5
4-7 anos2288282.09.8
8-10 anos2270911.014.3
11+ anos2785093.09.0
Desempregadospor Faixa Etria
Total8,471,40610-14 anos184,944
Homens3,719,7417.415-24 anos4,084,720
Mulheres4,751,66512.925-49 anos3,666,111
50+ anos535,631
0.4390936994
0.5609063006
por Posio no Domiclio
Chefe1,728,8596.5
No Chefe6,742,54711.1
por rea
Metropolitana3,865,0059.50.4562412662
N-Metrop.4,606,4019.90.5437587338
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE
F7
Figura 7
por Posio na Ocupao
Protegidos818.4
Sem carteira367.9
Conta Prpria579.2
Empregadores2243.8
Rendimento dos Ocupados
Total662.1
Homens765.3
Mulheres512.4
por Escolaridade
0-3 anos284.76
4-7 anos419.80
8-10 anos496.16
11+ anos1,139.73
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE
F8
Figura 8
Dimenso do Mercado de Trabalho Brasileiro em 2004
PIA
Total147,204,068
Homens70,795,918
Mulheres78,408,148
PNEA
Total56,168,904
Homens19,142,412PEA (definio IBGE)
Mulheres39,026,490N absolutosTx. Participao
Total91,035,16461.8%
Homens51,653,50673.0%
Mulheres39,381,65851.5%
PEA Marginal
Total3,869,780
PEA EfetivaHomens1,307,863
N absolutosTx. ParticipaoMulheres2,561,917
Total87,165,38459.2%
Homens50,345,64371.1%
Mulheres36,819,74148.2%Auto-consumo3,008,969
Construo prpria66,021
OcupadosDesempregados
Total78,693,978N absolutosTx. DesempregoNo-remunerado794,790
Homens48,625,902Total8,471,4069.7%
Mulheres32,068,076Homens3,719,7417.4%
Mulheres4,751,66512.9%
Posio na OcupaoFaixa EtriaFaixa Etria
Protegidos32,754,23910-14 anos1,092,844N absolutosTx. Desemprego
ESC19,928,67415-24 anos17,059,58210-14 anos184,94414.5%
Conta Prpria18,015,38525-49 anos47,305,61515-24 anos4,084,72019.3%
No-remunerados4,562,82450 anos ou +13,232,05825-49 anos3,666,1117.2%
Empregadores3,430,99350 anos ou +535,6313.9%
Escolaridade - anos completos
Setor de Atividade0-3 anos15,482,466Escolaridade - anos completos
Agricultura12,791,7894-7 anos21,132,616N absolutosTx. Desemprego
Indstria12,228,9088-10 anos13,645,7580-3 anos1,080,9426.5%
Construo5,193,80111 ou + anos28,199,0924-7 anos2,288,2829.8%
Comrcio14,403,4108-10 anos2,270,91114.3%
Servios17,164,108Posio no Domiclio11 ou + anos2,785,0939.0%
Adm. Pblica4,172,773Chefe36,833,977
Outras Atividades8,657,782No-chefe41,860,001Posio no Domiclio
N absolutosTx. Desemprego
Recorte EspacialChefe1,728,8594.5%
Metropolitana24,844,487No-chefe6,742,54713.9%
No-metropolitana53,849,491
Recorte Espacial
N absolutosTx. Desemprego
Metropolitana3,865,00513.5%
No-metropolitana4,606,4017.9%
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE
D1
Grfico 1: Evoluo da taxa de desemprego
AnoBrasil
19927.2
19936.8
1994
19956.7
19967.6
19978.5
19989.7
2000
199910.4
200110.1
20029.9
200310.5
20049.7
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE 1992 a 2994
G1
7.1960771537
6.8026581264
1994
6.6644889637
7.593453871
8.4566591915
9.7491344743
2000
10.4373104023
10.051471135
9.8680650618
10.4790711531
9.7187732231
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE 1992 a 2004
Brasil
(%)
Grfico 1: Evoluo da Taxa de Desemprego
F9
Figura 9
F10
Figura 10
Estados do Mercado de Trabalho segundo dados de Pnads
AnoTaxa de ParticipaoTaxa de Desemprego
199261.56.5
199361.16.2
199561.36.1
199659.27.0
199760.17.8
199860.29.0
199961.09.6
200160.59.4
200261.39.2
200361.49.7
200461.89.0
T1
Tabela 1: Pessoas em Idade Ativa (PIA) e Pessoas Economicamente Ativas (PEA)
PIA1992199920012004Cresc. (% aa) 1992-1999Cresc. (% aa) 2001-200420022003
Brasil113,295,184133,172,799138,859,293147,204,0662.32.0141,760,950144,640,650
Metropolitano35,922,30942,305,67245,009,65947,690,9272.41.945,951,64146,907,360
Metropolitano "PME"30,418,33835,499,09237,015,64238,936,6622.21.737,688,49738,408,348
No-Metropolitano77,372,87590,867,12793,849,63499,513,1392.32.095,809,30997,733,290
Urbano54,439,38166,242,23673,592,36978,931,5382.82.475,438,70977,195,950
Rural22,933,49424,624,89120,257,26520,581,6011.00.520,370,60020,537,340
Grandes Regies
Norte4,829,9486,480,8377,631,1998,591,1234.34.07,891,6598,223,340
Nordeste32,093,30737,405,25538,461,23340,505,2102.21.739,199,86939,872,473
Sudeste51,061,58659,794,78861,817,88765,148,7632.31.863,005,81464,266,953
Sul17,799,21020,253,34721,226,91622,486,7621.91.921,666,20922,044,873
Centro-Oeste7,511,1339,238,5729,722,05810,472,2083.02.59,997,39910,233,011
PEA1992199920012004Cresc. (% aa) 1992-1999Cresc. (% aa) 2001-200420022003
Brasil65,977,19777,243,16680,346,97587,165,3842.32.883,050,25384,730,086
Metropolitano20,313,15224,460,82826,385,28028,709,4922.72.927,479,35427,709,505
Metropolitano "PME"17,099,16120,461,57221,660,30223,437,6652.62.722,536,74722,709,681
No-Metropolitano45,664,04552,782,33853,961,69558,455,8922.12.755,570,89957,020,581
Urbano31,168,36637,794,92742,058,27146,351,8602.83.343,506,36145,054,643
Rural14,495,67914,987,41111,903,42412,104,0320.50.612,064,53811,965,938
Grandes Regies
Norte2,719,5083,664,1764,203,2314,914,2594.45.34,474,7384,723,251
Nordeste18,314,01021,173,41321,088,85922,815,0272.12.721,849,94022,148,428
Sudeste29,146,29534,262,00636,057,69138,824,5232.32.537,221,12137,950,133
Sul11,226,81412,561,60813,084,12714,168,8771.62.713,429,53413,737,834
Centro-Oeste4,570,5705,581,9635,913,0676,442,6982.92.96,074,9206,170,440
Fonte: Pnads/IBGE 1992, 1999, 2001 e 2004.
* As seis regies metropolitanas pesquisadas pela PME so: So Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, Recife e Salvador. As demais que constam da PNAD so: Curitiba, Fortaleza, Belm e Braslia.
D2
Taxa de Participao por Sexo (%)
AnoFemininoMasculinoTotal
199242.3886384874.9752939758.23477633
199342.2440508874.4201553357.88149076
1994
199543.4388145773.6210050458.0890132
199642.2074970771.5130905056.39876432
199743.1154054672.2974072457.2701552
199843.6864126571.9065575657.3732071
199944.8726310571.9796244458.0022096
2000
200145.5718523571.0441224157.86215187
200246.6503510171.3981546858.58471815
200347.6718091970.8904826758.57971877
200448.1882390371.1137653459.21397851
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE, de 1992 a 2004.
G2
58.2347763374.9752939742.38863848
57.8814907674.4201553342.24405088
199419941994
58.089013273.6210050443.43881457
56.3987643271.513090542.20749707
57.270155272.2974072443.11540546
57.373207171.9065575643.68641265
58.002209671.9796244444.87263105
200020002000
57.8621518771.0441224145.57185235
58.5847181571.3981546846.65035101
58.5797187770.8904826747.67180919
59.2139785171.1137653448.18823903
Masculina
Total
Feminina
33 p.p.
23 p.p.
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE 1992 a 2004
Total
Masculina
Feminina
Grfico 2: Taxa de Participao por Sexo
D3
Grfico 5: Taxa de Participao e Frequncia Escolar dos Jovens de 15 a 24 anos (%)
AnoTaxa de ParticipaoFrequencia Escolar
199265.2034.90
199364.3137.36
1994
199563.1340.90
199660.8642.61
199761.2244.59
199861.1147.26
199961.4248.67
2000
200160.0648.59
200261.2248.65
200360.8048.97
200461.9747.72
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE, de 1992 a 2004.
G3
65.20134.9
64.30737.36
19941994
63.13140.9
60.85842.61
61.22144.59
61.11447.26
61.41748.67
20002000
60.05848.59
61.21648.65
60.79948.97
61.9747.72
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004.
Frequncia Escolar
Taxa de Participao
Taxa de Participao
Frequencia Escolar
(%)
Grfico 3: Taxa de Participao e Frequncia Escolar dos Jovens de 15 a 24 anos
D4
Taxa de Participao por Sexo (%)
AnoBrasilMetropolitanoNo Metropolitano
199261.2318.3342.90
199362.3918.7343.66
1994
199565.3920.1445.24
199664.3019.9044.40
199765.5820.0445.54
199866.1420.2245.92
199969.1820.9548.23
2000
200172.2722.9549.32
200274.8523.7851.07
200375.8523.8052.05
200478.6924.8453.85
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004.
Taxa de Participao por Sexo (%)
AnoBrasilMetropolitanoNo Metropolitano
199261,229,42718,333,31342,896,114
199362,390,58418,727,81343,662,771
1994
199565,386,63020,144,69445,241,936
199664,299,68519,895,95544,403,730
199765,576,71720,035,36145,541,356
199866,139,77120,222,83545,916,936
199969,181,05720,947,45848,233,599
2000
200172,270,92222,952,64449,318,278
200274,854,80023,782,74951,072,051
200375,851,16023,797,64352,053,517
200478,693,97824,844,48753,849,491
Fonte: IBGE, PNAD de 1992 a 2004.
G4
61.22942718.33331342.896114
62.39058418.72781343.662771
199419941994
65.3866320.14469445.241936
64.29968519.89595544.40373
65.57671720.03536145.541356
66.13977120.22283545.916936
69.18105720.94745848.233599
200020002000
72.27092222.95264449.318278
74.854823.78274951.072051
75.8511623.79764352.053517
78.69397824.84448753.849491
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004.
Brasil
Metropolitano
No Metropolitano
Milhes
Grfico 4: Nvel de Ocupao (em milhes)Total, Metropolitano e No-Metropolitano - Pnad
T2
Tabela 2: Pessoas de 10 anos e mais de idade - Ocupadas
Ocupadas1992199920012004Cresc. (%aa) 1992-1999Cresc. (%aa) 2001-2004
Brasil61,229,42769,181,05772,270,92278,693,9781.802.90
Metropolitano18,333,31320,947,45822,952,64424,844,4871.902.70
Metropolitano"PME"15,414,07317,489,76618,819,14320,197,6881.802.40
No-Metropolitano42,896,11448,233,59949,318,27853,849,4911.703.00
Fonte: Pnads 1992, 1999, 2001 e 2004
* As seis regies metropolitanas pesquisadas pela PME so: So Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, Recife e Salvador. As demais que constam da Pnad so: Curitiba, Fortaleza, Belm e Braslia
T3
Tabela 3: Pessoas de 10 anos e mais de Idade Ocupadas e Desocupadas - Variaes Espaciais
Ocupados199220022004Dif. Absoluta (1992 - 2002)Cresc. (%) (1992 - 2002)Cresc. na Part.(pp) (1992 - 2002)Dif. Absoluta (1992 - 2004)Cresc. (%) (1992 - 2004)Cresc. na Part.(pp) (1992 - 2004)
Brasil61,229,42774,110,70978,693,97812,881,28221.0-17,464,55128.5-
Metropolitano18,333,31323,518,09424,844,4875,184,78128.31.796,511,17435.51.63
Metropolitano PME *15,414,07319,266,83620,197,6883,852,76325.00.824,783,61531.00.49
No-Metropolitano42,896,11450,592,61553,849,4917,696,50117.9-1.7910,953,37725.5-1.63
Urbano28,671,84338,949,78242,119,42010,277,93935.85.7313,447,57746.96.70
Rural14,224,27111,642,83311,730,0712,581,438-18.1-7.522,494,200-17.5-8.33
Grandes Regies
Norte2,478,8433,931,9384,461,4081,453,09558.61.261,982,56580.01.62
Nordeste17,052,16719,675,50820,512,5832,623,34115.4-1.303,460,41620.3-1.78
Sudeste26,803,74232,667,70034,558,3105,863,95821.90.307,754,56828.90.14
Sul10,631,17712,361,10213,271,1861,729,92516.3-0.682,640,00924.8-0.50
Centro-Oeste4,263,4985,474,4615,890,4911,210,96328.40.421,626,99338.20.52
Fonte: PNADs 1992, 2004.
* As seis regies metropolitanas pesquisadas pela PME so: So Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, Recife e Salvador. As demais que constam da PNAD so: Curitiba, Fortaleza, Belm e Braslia.
T4
Tabela 4: Pessoas Ocupadas com 10 a 14 anos de idade
Ocupados:10 a 14 anosde idade199220012004Reduo mdia 1992-2001Reduo mdia 2001-2004
Brasil2,922,6661,471,7911,092,844161,208.3126,315.7
Metropolitano303,310163,603126,25215,523.012,450.3
Metropolitano "PME"228,206119,58992,54712,068.69,014.0
No-Metropolitano2,619,3561,308,188966,592145,685.3113,865.3
Urbano1,078,946606,711465,70852,470.647,001.0
Rural1,540,410701,477500,88493,214.866,864.3
Grandes Regies
Norte126,47376,71366,4375,528.93,425.3
Nordeste1,333,336770,552537,99562,531.677,519.0
Sudeste774,665327,845231,30449,646.732,180.3
Sul485,009205,031188,99631,108.75,345.0
Centro-Oeste203,18391,65068,11212,392.67,846.0
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE 1992, 2001 e 2004.
* As seis regies metropolitanas pesquisadas pela PME so: So Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, Recife e Salvador. As demais que constam da PNAD so: Curitiba, Fortaleza, Belm e Braslia.
T5
Tabela 5: Ocupao na Indstria
Ocupados: Indstria1992199920012004Cresc. (% aa) 1992-1999Cresc. (% aa) 2001-200420022003
Brasil10,155,84910,151,49511,070,59312,228,908-0.03.411,175,44911,454,699
Metropolitano4,012,8343,530,4703,828,9984,042,348-1.81.83,844,8983,782,755
Metropolitano PME3,530,5133,010,2933,229,3403,357,949-2.31.33,239,8403,164,022
No-Metropolitano6,143,0156,621,0257,241,5958,186,5601.14.27,330,5517,671,944
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE 1992, 1999, 2001 e 2004.
* As seis regies metropolitanas pesquisadas pela PME so: So Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre,Recife e Salvador. As demais que constam da PNAD so: Curitiba, Fortaleza, Belm e Braslia.
T6
Tabela 6 - Ocupao na IndstriaPNADs de 1992 e 2004
Ocupados na Indstria199220022004Dif. Absoluta (1992 - 2002)Cresc. (%) (1992 - 2002)Cresc. na Part.(pp) (1992 - 2002)Dif. Absoluta (1992 - 2004)Cresc. (%) (1992 - 2004)Cresc. na Part.(pp) (1992 - 2004)
Brasil10,155,84911,061,33012,228,908905,4818.9-2,073,05920.4-
Metropolitano4,012,8343,802,0544,042,348-210,780-5.3-5.1429,5140.7-6.46
Metropolitano PME3,530,5133,206,6773,357,949-323,836-9.2-5.77172,564-4.9-7.30
No-Metropolitano6,143,0157,259,2768,186,5601,116,26118.25.142,043,54533.36.46
Urbano5,182,1856,542,9837,409,4651,360,79826.38.132,227,28043.09.56
Rural960,830716,293777,095-244,537-25.5-2.99183,735-19.1-3.11
RM de So Paulo1,901,4261,648,0971,679,202-253,329-13.3-3.82222,224-11.7-4.99
SP no-metropolitano1,499,2811,762,7872,109,591263,50617.61.17610,31040.72.49
Grandes Regies
Norte337,447511,184607,338173,73751.51.30269,89180.01.64
Nordeste1,826,0081,885,5822,075,62859,5743.3-0.93249,62013.7-1.01
Sudeste5,549,1665,749,9526,280,557200,7863.6-2.66731,39113.2-3.28
Sul1,978,6672,304,2792,609,410325,61216.51.35630,74331.91.86
Centro-Oeste464,561610,333655,975145,77231.40.94191,41441.20.79
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE 1992, 2004.
D5
Composio da Ocupao por Escolaridade (%)
Anode 0 a 3 anos11 ou mais anosCom interrupo
199235.619.5
199334.020.1Participao de ocupados por anos de estudo no total da ocupao
1994
199531.921.5
199629.523.1
199729.324.1
199828.025.5
199927.026.3
2000
200123.930.3
200222.432.3
200321.034.2
200419.935.9
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004
Anode 0 a 3 anos11 ou mais anosSem interrupo
199235.619.5Participao de ocupados por anos de estudo no total da ocupao
199334.020.1
199531.921.5
199629.523.1
199729.324.1
199828.025.5
199927.026.3
200123.930.3
200222.432.3
200321.034.2
200419.935.9
Fonte: Elaboarao prpria a partir da PNAD de 1992 a 2994
D5
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
0 a 3 anos
11 ou mais anos
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004
0 a 3 anos
11 anos ou mais
%
Grfico 5: Composio da Ocupao por Escolaridade (%)
G5
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
0 a 3 anos
11 ou mais anos
em %
0 a 3 anos
11 anos ou mais
D6
35.611267101519.4504635451
34.027339089620.1029741158
19941994
31.861288728921.5021145074
29.504290513823.1348697292
29.261231915924.1182204686
28.020753198225.5009837193
27.003745352626.3067666717
20002000
23.947293787130.2946583125
22.415202870532.2777330198
20.971768941734.2345031782
19.935.940755085
0 a 3 anos
11 ou mais anos
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004
0 a 3 anos
11 anos ou mais
Grfico 5: Composio da Ocupao por Escolaridade (%)
G6
Grfico 6: Taxa de Desemprego (%)Total, Metropolitano e No-Metropolitano
AnosMetropolitanoNo MetropolitanoBrasil
19929.756.067.20
19939.555.576.80
1994
19958.325.916.66
19969.846.557.59
199711.587.018.46
199813.567.969.75
199914.368.6210.47
2000
200113.018.6110.05
200213.458.109.87
200314.128.7110.48
200413.467.889.72
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004
T7
9.7465876.0615117.196077
9.5492085.572826.802658
199419941994
8.3244325.9058746.664489
9.8374396.5513477.593454
11.581117.0110488.456659
13.564167.9599759.749134
14.363258.61791910.4731
200020002000
13.009668.60502410.05147
13.45238.0956919.868065
14.11748.71100210.47907
13.462467.8801319.718773
Metropolitano
No Metropolitano
Brasil
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004
Metropolitano
No Metropolitano
Brasil
(%)
Grfico 6: Taxa de Desemprego (%) Total, Metropolitano e No-Metropolitano
D7
Tabela 7: Composio dos Desempregados
Desempregados199220022004Dif. Absoluta (1992 - 2002)Cresc. (%) (1992 - 2002)Cresc. na Part.(pp) (1992 - 2002)Dif. Absoluta (1992 - 2004)Cresc. (%) (1992 - 2004)
Brasil4,747,7708,110,7658,471,4063,362,99570.8-3,723,63678.4
Metropolitano1,979,8393,655,5873,865,0051,675,74884.63.371,885,16695.2
Metropolitano PME1,685,0883,043,2973,239,9771,358,20980.62.031,554,88992.3
No-Metropolitano2,767,9314,455,1784,606,4011,687,24761.0-3.371,838,47066.4
Grandes Regies
Norte240,665471,748452,851231,08396.00.75212,18688.2
Nordeste1,261,8431,995,2892,302,444733,44658.1-1.981,040,60182.5
Sudeste2,342,5534,179,6234,266,2131,837,07078.42.191,923,66082.1
Sul595,637948,440897,691352,80359.2-0.85302,05450.7
Centro-Oeste307,072515,665552,207208,59367.9-0.11245,13579.8
Mulheres2,288,2644,330,5234,751,6652,042,25989.25-2,463,401107.7
Metropolitano954,3111,972,9202,153,7151,018,609106.743.851,199,404125.7
Metropolitano "PME"810,6351,647,5151,804,375836,880103.242.62993,740122.6
No-Metropolitano1,333,9532,357,6032,597,9501,023,65076.74-3.851,263,99794.8
Chefes de Domiclio973,8641,713,4301,728,859739,56675.94-754,99577.5
Metropolitano409,288806,515808,131397,22797.055.04398,84397.4
Metropolitano "PME"350,602679,702651,450329,10093.873.67300,84885.8
No-Metropolitano564,576906,915920,728342,33960.64-5.04356,15263.1
Fonte: IBGE/Pnad
G7
Grfico 7: Taxa de Informalidade (%)Total, Metropolitano e No-Metropolitano
AnosMetropolitanNon MetropolitanBrazil
199238.2558.5351.94
199339.3059.2052.71
1994
199540.7058.6052.65
199641.3658.1352.55
199741.6158.0652.67
199841.8458.4153.00
199943.7358.2553.53
2000
200144.5556.4352.45
200245.0256.3752.57
200344.0855.4451.69
200444.1354.6851.19
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004
T8
38.2541157158.5317092551.93833584
39.3007332259.2032611952.71230991
199419941994
40.6989278658.6021077852.65498639
41.3621261958.1301301752.55292595
41.6072650258.06308530552.66744635
41.8421085758.4094666852.99932607
43.734316258.2464967953.52991706
200020002000
44.5524178156.426408752.45369344
45.0218524456.365387252.56647935
44.0760262555.4430694551.68894542
44.1255156354.6794160251.18632391
Metropolitan
Non-Metropolitan
Brazil
Source: Pnad/IBGE.
Metropolitan
Non Metropolitan
Brazil
(%)
Degree of informality (%) - Total, Metropolitan and Non-Metropolitan
D8
Tabela 8: Grau de informalidade: Anos e Recortes Selecionados (em %)
1992199920012004
Brasil51.953.552.551.2
Setor
Indstria
Total33.036.535.333.9
Metropolitano24.031.232.632.8
No metropolitano39.039.336.834.5
Servios
Total53.551.252.752.4
Metropolitano48.947.449.548.8
No metropolitano55.953.254.554.4
Comrcio
Total57.757.655.553.5
Metropolitano52.354.353.051.8
No metropolitano61.059.656.954.5
Agricultura
Total81.680.680.278.5
Grandes Regies
Norte59.762.361.859.9
Nordeste68.669.267.866.7
Sudeste42.745.944.844.0
Sul47.447.246.844.7
Centro-Oeste57.655.054.051.6
Fonte: IBGE, Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domiclios de 1992, 1999, 2001 e 2004.
Grau de informalidade: (sc + cp) / ( sc + cp + cc + emp)
G8
Grfico 8: Rendimento Mdio do trabalho principal dos ocupados (em R$ de 2004) - Total, Metropolitano e No-Metropolitano
AnosMetropolitanoNo MetropolitanoBrasil
1992870.70472.25591.56
1993915.88488.21616.46
1994
19951,121.09592.00753.95
19961,164.93621.62788.61
19971,160.16617.22781.69
19981,165.08609.74777.41
19991,044.13578.65717.65
2000
20011,015.16589.78723.00
2002979.24576.24702.71
2003891.64552.88657.62
2004884.81562.03662.05
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004
T9
591.561870.7472.25
616.462915.88488.21
199419941994
753.9541121.09592
788.6081164.93621.62
781.6941160.16617.22
777.4091165.08609.74
717.6541044.13578.65
200020002000
723.0041015.16589.78
702.705979.24576.24
657.619891.64552.88
662.05884.81562.03
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004
Brasil
No-Metropolitano
Metropolitano
Brasil
Metropolitano
No Metropolitano
Rendimento Mdio do Trabalho Principal dos Ocupados (em reais de 2004)Total, Metropolitano e No-Metropolitano - PNAD
D9
Tabela 9: Rendimento Mdio do Trabalho Principal - Posio na Ocupao(R$ de setembro de 2004)
1993199619982004
Brasil616.5788.6777.4662.1
Conta prpria599.3821.8716.4579.2
Protegidos835.3961.8984.1818.4
Sem carteira280.2402.4416.1367.9
Metropolitano915.91,164.91,165.1884.8
Conta prpria841.11,227.41,079.9771.3
Protegidos994.21,183.51,211.4985.3
Sem carteira434.8600.5651.5499.3
No Metropolitano488.2621.6609.7562.0
Conta prpria517.1679.1590.8505.6
Protegidos716.5804.1827.7715.6
Sem carteira232.6332.7336.6316.2
Fonte: Pnads 1992 a 2004
G9
AnoGini per capitaGiniindividual
19950.6020.557
19960.6000.553
19970.6030.551
19980.6010.547
19990.5950.538
2000
20010.5990.540
20020.5960.539
20030.5910.530
20040.5830.523
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004
D10
0.601640.55709
0.599510.55283
0.602740.55134
0.600720.54701
0.594790.53776
20002000
0.599160.53973
0.59620.539
0.591350.52959
0.582760.52348
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004
Gini per capita
Gini - Individual
Grafico 9: Desigualdade de Rendimentos do Trabalho - Coeficiente de Gini
G10
Grfico 10: Crescimento da Produtividade Total dos Fatores Agregada - 1971/97
AnoPFT*
7119714.00
7219723.68
7319733.48
7419741.90
7519750.77
7619761.22
7719771.43
7819781.58
7919791.71
8019802.25
8119810.90
8219821.12
8319831.24
8419842.04
8519850.59
8619861.59
8719870.68
8819880.86
8919890.41
9019900.77
9119912.28
9219922.08
9319931.98
9419942.47
9519952.62
9619962.32
9719970.84
T-A1
4
3.68
3.48
1.9
0.77
1.22
1.43
1.58
1.71
2.25
0.9
1.12
1.24
2.04
0.59
1.59
0.68
0.86
0.41
0.77
2.28
2.08
1.98
2.47
2.62
2.32
0.84
(%)
Grfico 10: Crescimento da Produtividade Total dos Fatores Agregada - 1971/97
T-A2
Tabela A.1- Evoluo do Nvel e Composio do Emprego segundo Caractersticas Selecionadas
OcupadosDesocupados
199220022004Cresc.(1992-2002)(%)Cresc.(1992-2004)(%)199220022004Cresc.(1992-2002)(%)Cresc.(1992-2004)(%)
Total61,229,42774,854,80078,693,97822.328.54,747,7708,195,4538,471,40672.678.4
Gnero
Homem38,846,50644,990,07146,625,90215.820.02,459,5063,819,6513,719,74155.351.2
Mulher22,382,92129,864,72932,068,07633.443.32,288,2644,375,8024,751,66591.2107.7
Grupos de idade
10 a 14 anos2,922,6661,370,4811,092,844-53.1-62.6344,023239,393184,944-30.4-46.2
15 a 24 anos15,743,25216,775,14517,059,5826.68.42,279,7333,912,0044,084,72071.679.2
25 a 49 anos33,780,25244,530,10247,305,61531.840.01,906,7953,501,1093,666,11183.692.3
50 anos e mais8,779,44912,168,10013,232,05838.650.7217,219542,947535,631150.0146.6
Anos de estudo
0 a 3 anos21,752,87416,707,81515,482,466-23.2-28.81,145,5651,199,2221,080,9424.7-5.6
4 a 7 anos19,767,55821,463,08421,132,6168.66.91,931,3782,494,9202,288,28229.218.5
8 a 10 anos7,682,64512,307,83713,645,75860.277.6878,8342,051,8452,270,911133.5158.4
11 anos e mais11,881,16924,059,13528,199,092102.5137.3770,6812,396,1152,785,093210.9261.4
Posio no domiclio
Chefe27,942,54535,047,54536,833,97725.431.8973,8641,731,2441,728,85977.877.5
Outros moradores33,286,88239,807,25541,860,00119.625.83,773,9066,464,2096,742,54771.378.7
Posio na ocupao
Trabalhador protegido24,018,94729,790,87232,754,23924.036.4-----
Trabalhador sem carteira de trabalho assinada14,400,41319,158,07019,928,67433.038.4-----
Conta prpria14,137,35717,570,90518,015,38524.327.4-----
Empregador2,399,3483,351,6293,430,99339.743.0-----
Trabalhador no remunerado6,247,5804,974,7014,562,824-20.4-27.0-----
Setor de Atividade
Agricultura14,912,83512,701,41712,791,789-14.8-14.2-----
Indstria10,155,84911,175,44912,228,90810.020.4-----
Construo4,040,1235,459,8335,193,80135.128.6-----
Comrcio9,696,80613,416,71914,403,41038.448.5-----
Administrao Pblica3,107,6863,869,0514,172,77324.534.3-----
Servios11,292,61316,226,46717,164,10843.752.0-----
Outras atividades7,798,81411,805,52012,518,85151.460.5-----
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE 1992, 2002 e 2004
T-A3
Tabela A2- Ocupadas por posio na ocupao (em milhes) - IBGE
199220012004Cresc. (% aa) 1992-2001Cresc. (% aa) 2001-2004
PIA113.30138.84147.202.32.0
PEA69.7183.9591.042.12.7
Taxa de Participao61.560.561.8-0.20.7
Taxa de Desemprego6.59.49.04.1-1.3
Ocupao Total65.4078.9682.822.11.6
Empregado e trabalhador domsticos38.5847.2352.682.33.7
Com carteira de trabalho assinada20.1223.9327.221.94.4
Militares e estaturios3.974.915.532.44.0
Outros sem carteira de trabalho assinada14.4618.3919.932.72.7
Empregado34.2241.2946.272.13.9
Com carteira de trabalho assinada19.3622.3825.561.64.5
Militares e estaturios3.974.915.532.44.0
Outros sem carteira de trabalho assinada10.8713.9915.182.82.7
Trabalhador domstico4.365.946.423.52.6
Com carteira de trabalho assinada0.761.551.668.22.4
Sem carteira de trabalho assinada3.594.394.752.32.7
Conta prpria14.2016.9718.022.02.0
Empregador2.413.213.433.32.2
No remunerado6.855.635.41-2.2-1.3
Trabalhador na produo para o prprio consumo3.212.903.18-1.13.1
Trabalhador na construo para o prprio uso0.160.150.10-0.5-12.6
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE 1992, 2001 e 2004.
Tabela A3: Rendimento Mdio do Trabalho Principal por Sexo e Escolaridade(R$ de setembro de 2004)
19921993199519961997199819992001200220032004
Total
Brasil592616754789782777718723703658662
Metropolitano8919161,1211,1651,1601,1651,044979979892885
No metropolitano472488592622617610579576576553562
Mulheres
Brasil404409525575566575540553542504512
Metropolitano624632783856860854803781767697704
No metropolitano301302397434423437415435427406416
Homens
Brasil701738893918912901829834809761765
Metropolitano1,0311,1041,3581,3801,3671,3861,2171,1911,1401,0421,028
No metropolitano567591704739728709676684670645657
0 a 3 anos de estudo
Brasil266263314336324314292301291281285
Metropolitano424403497559547513465439416382375
No metropolitano233235277291278276260272265260266
4 a 7 anos de estudo
Brasil450449535550526510477456442413420
Metropolitano552542670692657640588545532484487
No metropolitano405409475492475459435421408387396
8 a 10 anos de estudo
Brasil652636751761743702632600554510496
Metropolitano737706854872865809734678633576546
No metropolitano594588679686664634569553507475470
11 ou mais anos de estudo
Brasil1,3831,4811,7581,7231,7081,6681,5021,3941,3091,1691,140
Metropolitano1,6301,7712,1192,0722,0512,0441,7981,6841,5641,3721,339
No metropolitano1,1821,2401,4681,4431,4411,3801,2851,1821,1231,0261,002
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004
From 1993 to 2004 there was an 8% gain in real income: A 15% rise in non-metropolitan areas;Small 3% contraction in metropolitan areas.Total increase due to informals gains. Protected workers income was stable. Self-employed lost.The difference between formal and informal workers income fell from 198% to 122% in the period. Though, its been rising since 2001.From 1998 to 2004 metropolitan labor income was reduced by more than 15%. In non-metropolitan areas, by 7%. IntroductionBRAZIL THE STATE OF A NATIONLabor Market, Employment and Informality
IntroductionBRAZIL THE STATE OF A NATIONLabor Market, Employment and Informality
F1
Figura 1
Resultados do mercado de trabalhoSistema Educacional
Macroeconomia (demanda de bens e servios)Desempenho do mercado de trabalhoQualidade e quantidade da fora de trabalho
Funcionamento do mercado de trabalhoPadro Demogrfico
Instituies do mercado de trabalho, regulamentaes, intervenes
F2
Figura 2
PIA
PNEA
PEA
PEA Marginal
PEA Efetiva
Auto-consumo
Construo Prpria
OcupaoDesocupao
No-remunerado
Composio por:Composio por:
-Sexo-Sexo
-Idade-Idade
-Escolaridade-Escolaridade
-Posio na ocupao-Posio no Domiclio
-Setor de Atividade-Recorte Espacial
-Posio no Domiclio
-Recorte Espacial
F3
Figura 3
Populao
178,604,594
PIA
147,204,0660.8241896958
PEAPNEA
91,035,16456,168,9020.50970225320.6184283252
0.31448744260.3815716748
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE
F4
Figura 4
PEA IBGE
91,035,164
PEA Marginal
3,869,780
PEA Efetiva
87,165,384Auto Consumo
3,008,969
OcupadosDesocupadosConst. Prpria
78,693,9788,471,40666,021
No Remunerado
794,790
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE
F5
Figura 5
por Escolaridade
0-3 anos15,482,4660.197329587315,528,6500.197329587378,459,932
4-7 anos21,132,6160.269342777421,195,6550.2693427774234,046
8-10 anos13,645,7580.173920084513,686,4630.1739200845
11+ anos28,199,0920.359407550928,283,2100.3594075509
78,459,932178,693,978
por Posio no Domiclio
Chefe36,833,977
No Chefe41,860,001
Ocupadospor Posio na Ocupao
Total78,693,978Protegidos32,754,239
Homens46625902Sem carteira19,928,6740.5924964424
Mulheres32068076Conta Prpria18,015,3850.4075035576
N-Remunerado4,562,824
Empregadores3,430,993
por rea
Metropolitana24,844,4870.3157101424
N-Metrop.53,849,4910.6842898576
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE
F6
Figura 6
por Escolaridade
0-3 anos1080942.06.5
4-7 anos2288282.09.8
8-10 anos2270911.014.3
11+ anos2785093.09.0
Desempregadospor Faixa Etria
Total8,471,40610-14 anos184,944
Homens3,719,7417.415-24 anos4,084,720
Mulheres4,751,66512.925-49 anos3,666,111
50+ anos535,631
0.4390936994
0.5609063006
por Posio no Domiclio
Chefe1,728,8596.5
No Chefe6,742,54711.1
por rea
Metropolitana3,865,0059.50.4562412662
N-Metrop.4,606,4019.90.5437587338
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE
F7
Figura 7
por Posio na Ocupao
Protegidos818.4
Sem carteira367.9
Conta Prpria579.2
Empregadores2243.8
Rendimento dos Ocupados
Total662.1
Homens765.3
Mulheres512.4
por Escolaridade
0-3 anos284.76
4-7 anos419.80
8-10 anos496.16
11+ anos1,139.73
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE
F8
Figura 8
Dimenso do Mercado de Trabalho Brasileiro em 2004
PIA
Total147,204,068
Homens70,795,918
Mulheres78,408,148
PNEA
Total56,168,904
Homens19,142,412PEA (definio IBGE)
Mulheres39,026,490N absolutosTx. Participao
Total91,035,16461.8%
Homens51,653,50673.0%
Mulheres39,381,65851.5%
PEA Marginal
Total3,869,780
PEA EfetivaHomens1,307,863
N absolutosTx. ParticipaoMulheres2,561,917
Total87,165,38459.2%
Homens50,345,64371.1%
Mulheres36,819,74148.2%Auto-consumo3,008,969
Construo prpria66,021
OcupadosDesempregados
Total78,693,978N absolutosTx. DesempregoNo-remunerado794,790
Homens48,625,902Total8,471,4069.7%
Mulheres32,068,076Homens3,719,7417.4%
Mulheres4,751,66512.9%
Posio na OcupaoFaixa EtriaFaixa Etria
Protegidos32,754,23910-14 anos1,092,844N absolutosTx. Desemprego
ESC19,928,67415-24 anos17,059,58210-14 anos184,94414.5%
Conta Prpria18,015,38525-49 anos47,305,61515-24 anos4,084,72019.3%
No-remunerados4,562,82450 anos ou +13,232,05825-49 anos3,666,1117.2%
Empregadores3,430,99350 anos ou +535,6313.9%
Escolaridade - anos completos
Setor de Atividade0-3 anos15,482,466Escolaridade - anos completos
Agricultura12,791,7894-7 anos21,132,616N absolutosTx. Desemprego
Indstria12,228,9088-10 anos13,645,7580-3 anos1,080,9426.5%
Construo5,193,80111 ou + anos28,199,0924-7 anos2,288,2829.8%
Comrcio14,403,4108-10 anos2,270,91114.3%
Servios17,164,108Posio no Domiclio11 ou + anos2,785,0939.0%
Adm. Pblica4,172,773Chefe36,833,977
Outras Atividades8,657,782No-chefe41,860,001Posio no Domiclio
N absolutosTx. Desemprego
Recorte EspacialChefe1,728,8594.5%
Metropolitana24,844,487No-chefe6,742,54713.9%
No-metropolitana53,849,491
Recorte Espacial
N absolutosTx. Desemprego
Metropolitana3,865,00513.5%
No-metropolitana4,606,4017.9%
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE
D1
Grfico 1: Evoluo da taxa de desemprego
AnoBrasil
19927.2
19936.8
1994
19956.7
19967.6
19978.5
19989.7
2000
199910.4
200110.1
20029.9
200310.5
20049.7
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE 1992 a 2994
G1
7.1960771537
6.8026581264
1994
6.6644889637
7.593453871
8.4566591915
9.7491344743
2000
10.4373104023
10.051471135
9.8680650618
10.4790711531
9.7187732231
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE 1992 a 2004
Brasil
(%)
Grfico 1: Evoluo da Taxa de Desemprego
F9
Figura 9
F10
Figura 10
Estados do Mercado de Trabalho segundo dados de Pnads
AnoTaxa de ParticipaoTaxa de Desemprego
199261.56.5
199361.16.2
199561.36.1
199659.27.0
199760.17.8
199860.29.0
199961.09.6
200160.59.4
200261.39.2
200361.49.7
200461.89.0
T1
Tabela 1: Pessoas em Idade Ativa (PIA) e Pessoas Economicamente Ativas (PEA)
PIA1992199920012004Cresc. (% aa) 1992-1999Cresc. (% aa) 2001-200420022003
Brasil113,295,184133,172,799138,859,293147,204,0662.32.0141,760,950144,640,650
Metropolitano35,922,30942,305,67245,009,65947,690,9272.41.945,951,64146,907,360
Metropolitano "PME"30,418,33835,499,09237,015,64238,936,6622.21.737,688,49738,408,348
No-Metropolitano77,372,87590,867,12793,849,63499,513,1392.32.095,809,30997,733,290
Urbano54,439,38166,242,23673,592,36978,931,5382.82.475,438,70977,195,950
Rural22,933,49424,624,89120,257,26520,581,6011.00.520,370,60020,537,340
Grandes Regies
Norte4,829,9486,480,8377,631,1998,591,1234.34.07,891,6598,223,340
Nordeste32,093,30737,405,25538,461,23340,505,2102.21.739,199,86939,872,473
Sudeste51,061,58659,794,78861,817,88765,148,7632.31.863,005,81464,266,953
Sul17,799,21020,253,34721,226,91622,486,7621.91.921,666,20922,044,873
Centro-Oeste7,511,1339,238,5729,722,05810,472,2083.02.59,997,39910,233,011
PEA1992199920012004Cresc. (% aa) 1992-1999Cresc. (% aa) 2001-200420022003
Brasil65,977,19777,243,16680,346,97587,165,3842.32.883,050,25384,730,086
Metropolitano20,313,15224,460,82826,385,28028,709,4922.72.927,479,35427,709,505
Metropolitano "PME"17,099,16120,461,57221,660,30223,437,6652.62.722,536,74722,709,681
No-Metropolitano45,664,04552,782,33853,961,69558,455,8922.12.755,570,89957,020,581
Urbano31,168,36637,794,92742,058,27146,351,8602.83.343,506,36145,054,643
Rural14,495,67914,987,41111,903,42412,104,0320.50.612,064,53811,965,938
Grandes Regies
Norte2,719,5083,664,1764,203,2314,914,2594.45.34,474,7384,723,251
Nordeste18,314,01021,173,41321,088,85922,815,0272.12.721,849,94022,148,428
Sudeste29,146,29534,262,00636,057,69138,824,5232.32.537,221,12137,950,133
Sul11,226,81412,561,60813,084,12714,168,8771.62.713,429,53413,737,834
Centro-Oeste4,570,5705,581,9635,913,0676,442,6982.92.96,074,9206,170,440
Fonte: Pnads/IBGE 1992, 1999, 2001 e 2004.
* As seis regies metropolitanas pesquisadas pela PME so: So Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, Recife e Salvador. As demais que constam da PNAD so: Curitiba, Fortaleza, Belm e Braslia.
D2
Taxa de Participao por Sexo (%)
AnoFemininoMasculinoTotal
199242.3886384874.9752939758.23477633
199342.2440508874.4201553357.88149076
1994
199543.4388145773.6210050458.0890132
199642.2074970771.5130905056.39876432
199743.1154054672.2974072457.2701552
199843.6864126571.9065575657.3732071
199944.8726310571.9796244458.0022096
2000
200145.5718523571.0441224157.86215187
200246.6503510171.3981546858.58471815
200347.6718091970.8904826758.57971877
200448.1882390371.1137653459.21397851
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE, de 1992 a 2004.
G2
58.2347763374.9752939742.38863848
57.8814907674.4201553342.24405088
199419941994
58.089013273.6210050443.43881457
56.3987643271.513090542.20749707
57.270155272.2974072443.11540546
57.373207171.9065575643.68641265
58.002209671.9796244444.87263105
200020002000
57.8621518771.0441224145.57185235
58.5847181571.3981546846.65035101
58.5797187770.8904826747.67180919
59.2139785171.1137653448.18823903
Masculina
Total
Feminina
33 p.p.
23 p.p.
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE 1992 a 2004
Total
Masculina
Feminina
Grfico 2: Taxa de Participao por Sexo
D3
Grfico 5: Taxa de Participao e Frequncia Escolar dos Jovens de 15 a 24 anos (%)
AnoTaxa de ParticipaoFrequencia Escolar
199265.2034.90
199364.3137.36
1994
199563.1340.90
199660.8642.61
199761.2244.59
199861.1147.26
199961.4248.67
2000
200160.0648.59
200261.2248.65
200360.8048.97
200461.9747.72
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE, de 1992 a 2004.
G3
65.20134.9
64.30737.36
19941994
63.13140.9
60.85842.61
61.22144.59
61.11447.26
61.41748.67
20002000
60.05848.59
61.21648.65
60.79948.97
61.9747.72
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004.
Frequncia Escolar
Taxa de Participao
Taxa de Participao
Frequencia Escolar
(%)
Grfico 3: Taxa de Participao e Frequncia Escolar dos Jovens de 15 a 24 anos
D4
Taxa de Participao por Sexo (%)
AnoBrasilMetropolitanoNo Metropolitano
199261.2318.3342.90
199362.3918.7343.66
1994
199565.3920.1445.24
199664.3019.9044.40
199765.5820.0445.54
199866.1420.2245.92
199969.1820.9548.23
2000
200172.2722.9549.32
200274.8523.7851.07
200375.8523.8052.05
200478.6924.8453.85
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004.
Taxa de Participao por Sexo (%)
AnoBrasilMetropolitanoNo Metropolitano
199261,229,42718,333,31342,896,114
199362,390,58418,727,81343,662,771
1994
199565,386,63020,144,69445,241,936
199664,299,68519,895,95544,403,730
199765,576,71720,035,36145,541,356
199866,139,77120,222,83545,916,936
199969,181,05720,947,45848,233,599
2000
200172,270,92222,952,64449,318,278
200274,854,80023,782,74951,072,051
200375,851,16023,797,64352,053,517
200478,693,97824,844,48753,849,491
Fonte: IBGE, PNAD de 1992 a 2004.
G4
61.22942718.33331342.896114
62.39058418.72781343.662771
199419941994
65.3866320.14469445.241936
64.29968519.89595544.40373
65.57671720.03536145.541356
66.13977120.22283545.916936
69.18105720.94745848.233599
200020002000
72.27092222.95264449.318278
74.854823.78274951.072051
75.8511623.79764352.053517
78.69397824.84448753.849491
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004.
Brasil
Metropolitano
No Metropolitano
Milhes
Grfico 4: Nvel de Ocupao (em milhes)Total, Metropolitano e No-Metropolitano - Pnad
T2
Tabela 2: Pessoas de 10 anos e mais de idade - Ocupadas
Ocupadas1992199920012004Cresc. (%aa) 1992-1999Cresc. (%aa) 2001-2004
Brasil61,229,42769,181,05772,270,92278,693,9781.802.90
Metropolitano18,333,31320,947,45822,952,64424,844,4871.902.70
Metropolitano"PME"15,414,07317,489,76618,819,14320,197,6881.802.40
No-Metropolitano42,896,11448,233,59949,318,27853,849,4911.703.00
Fonte: Pnads 1992, 1999, 2001 e 2004
* As seis regies metropolitanas pesquisadas pela PME so: So Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, Recife e Salvador. As demais que constam da Pnad so: Curitiba, Fortaleza, Belm e Braslia
T3
Tabela 3: Pessoas de 10 anos e mais de Idade Ocupadas e Desocupadas - Variaes Espaciais
Ocupados199220022004Dif. Absoluta (1992 - 2002)Cresc. (%) (1992 - 2002)Cresc. na Part.(pp) (1992 - 2002)Dif. Absoluta (1992 - 2004)Cresc. (%) (1992 - 2004)Cresc. na Part.(pp) (1992 - 2004)
Brasil61,229,42774,110,70978,693,97812,881,28221.0-17,464,55128.5-
Metropolitano18,333,31323,518,09424,844,4875,184,78128.31.796,511,17435.51.63
Metropolitano PME *15,414,07319,266,83620,197,6883,852,76325.00.824,783,61531.00.49
No-Metropolitano42,896,11450,592,61553,849,4917,696,50117.9-1.7910,953,37725.5-1.63
Urbano28,671,84338,949,78242,119,42010,277,93935.85.7313,447,57746.96.70
Rural14,224,27111,642,83311,730,0712,581,438-18.1-7.522,494,200-17.5-8.33
Grandes Regies
Norte2,478,8433,931,9384,461,4081,453,09558.61.261,982,56580.01.62
Nordeste17,052,16719,675,50820,512,5832,623,34115.4-1.303,460,41620.3-1.78
Sudeste26,803,74232,667,70034,558,3105,863,95821.90.307,754,56828.90.14
Sul10,631,17712,361,10213,271,1861,729,92516.3-0.682,640,00924.8-0.50
Centro-Oeste4,263,4985,474,4615,890,4911,210,96328.40.421,626,99338.20.52
Fonte: PNADs 1992, 2004.
* As seis regies metropolitanas pesquisadas pela PME so: So Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, Recife e Salvador. As demais que constam da PNAD so: Curitiba, Fortaleza, Belm e Braslia.
T4
Tabela 4: Pessoas Ocupadas com 10 a 14 anos de idade
Ocupados:10 a 14 anosde idade199220012004Reduo mdia 1992-2001Reduo mdia 2001-2004
Brasil2,922,6661,471,7911,092,844161,208.3126,315.7
Metropolitano303,310163,603126,25215,523.012,450.3
Metropolitano "PME"228,206119,58992,54712,068.69,014.0
No-Metropolitano2,619,3561,308,188966,592145,685.3113,865.3
Urbano1,078,946606,711465,70852,470.647,001.0
Rural1,540,410701,477500,88493,214.866,864.3
Grandes Regies
Norte126,47376,71366,4375,528.93,425.3
Nordeste1,333,336770,552537,99562,531.677,519.0
Sudeste774,665327,845231,30449,646.732,180.3
Sul485,009205,031188,99631,108.75,345.0
Centro-Oeste203,18391,65068,11212,392.67,846.0
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE 1992, 2001 e 2004.
* As seis regies metropolitanas pesquisadas pela PME so: So Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, Recife e Salvador. As demais que constam da PNAD so: Curitiba, Fortaleza, Belm e Braslia.
T5
Tabela 5: Ocupao na Indstria
Ocupados: Indstria1992199920012004Cresc. (% aa) 1992-1999Cresc. (% aa) 2001-200420022003
Brasil10,155,84910,151,49511,070,59312,228,908-0.03.411,175,44911,454,699
Metropolitano4,012,8343,530,4703,828,9984,042,348-1.81.83,844,8983,782,755
Metropolitano PME3,530,5133,010,2933,229,3403,357,949-2.31.33,239,8403,164,022
No-Metropolitano6,143,0156,621,0257,241,5958,186,5601.14.27,330,5517,671,944
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE 1992, 1999, 2001 e 2004.
* As seis regies metropolitanas pesquisadas pela PME so: So Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre,Recife e Salvador. As demais que constam da PNAD so: Curitiba, Fortaleza, Belm e Braslia.
T6
Tabela 6 - Ocupao na IndstriaPNADs de 1992 e 2004
Ocupados na Indstria199220022004Dif. Absoluta (1992 - 2002)Cresc. (%) (1992 - 2002)Cresc. na Part.(pp) (1992 - 2002)Dif. Absoluta (1992 - 2004)Cresc. (%) (1992 - 2004)Cresc. na Part.(pp) (1992 - 2004)
Brasil10,155,84911,061,33012,228,908905,4818.9-2,073,05920.4-
Metropolitano4,012,8343,802,0544,042,348-210,780-5.3-5.1429,5140.7-6.46
Metropolitano PME3,530,5133,206,6773,357,949-323,836-9.2-5.77172,564-4.9-7.30
No-Metropolitano6,143,0157,259,2768,186,5601,116,26118.25.142,043,54533.36.46
Urbano5,182,1856,542,9837,409,4651,360,79826.38.132,227,28043.09.56
Rural960,830716,293777,095-244,537-25.5-2.99183,735-19.1-3.11
RM de So Paulo1,901,4261,648,0971,679,202-253,329-13.3-3.82222,224-11.7-4.99
SP no-metropolitano1,499,2811,762,7872,109,591263,50617.61.17610,31040.72.49
Grandes Regies
Norte337,447511,184607,338173,73751.51.30269,89180.01.64
Nordeste1,826,0081,885,5822,075,62859,5743.3-0.93249,62013.7-1.01
Sudeste5,549,1665,749,9526,280,557200,7863.6-2.66731,39113.2-3.28
Sul1,978,6672,304,2792,609,410325,61216.51.35630,74331.91.86
Centro-Oeste464,561610,333655,975145,77231.40.94191,41441.20.79
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE 1992, 2004.
D5
Composio da Ocupao por Escolaridade (%)
Anode 0 a 3 anos11 ou mais anosCom interrupo
199235.619.5
199334.020.1Participao de ocupados por anos de estudo no total da ocupao
1994
199531.921.5
199629.523.1
199729.324.1
199828.025.5
199927.026.3
2000
200123.930.3
200222.432.3
200321.034.2
200419.935.9
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004
Anode 0 a 3 anos11 ou mais anosSem interrupo
199235.619.5Participao de ocupados por anos de estudo no total da ocupao
199334.020.1
199531.921.5
199629.523.1
199729.324.1
199828.025.5
199927.026.3
200123.930.3
200222.432.3
200321.034.2
200419.935.9
Fonte: Elaboarao prpria a partir da PNAD de 1992 a 2994
D5
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
0 a 3 anos
11 ou mais anos
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004
0 a 3 anos
11 anos ou mais
%
Grfico 5: Composio da Ocupao por Escolaridade (%)
G5
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
0 a 3 anos
11 ou mais anos
em %
0 a 3 anos
11 anos ou mais
D6
35.611267101519.4504635451
34.027339089620.1029741158
19941994
31.861288728921.5021145074
29.504290513823.1348697292
29.261231915924.1182204686
28.020753198225.5009837193
27.003745352626.3067666717
20002000
23.947293787130.2946583125
22.415202870532.2777330198
20.971768941734.2345031782
19.935.940755085
0 a 3 anos
11 ou mais anos
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004
0 a 3 anos
11 anos ou mais
Grfico 5: Composio da Ocupao por Escolaridade (%)
G6
Grfico 6: Taxa de Desemprego (%)Total, Metropolitano e No-Metropolitano
AnosMetropolitanoNo MetropolitanoBrasil
19929.756.067.20
19939.555.576.80
1994
19958.325.916.66
19969.846.557.59
199711.587.018.46
199813.567.969.75
199914.368.6210.47
2000
200113.018.6110.05
200213.458.109.87
200314.128.7110.48
200413.467.889.72
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004
T7
9.7465876.0615117.196077
9.5492085.572826.802658
199419941994
8.3244325.9058746.664489
9.8374396.5513477.593454
11.581117.0110488.456659
13.564167.9599759.749134
14.363258.61791910.4731
200020002000
13.009668.60502410.05147
13.45238.0956919.868065
14.11748.71100210.47907
13.462467.8801319.718773
Metropolitano
No Metropolitano
Brasil
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004
Metropolitano
No Metropolitano
Brasil
(%)
Grfico 6: Taxa de Desemprego (%) Total, Metropolitano e No-Metropolitano
D7
Tabela 7: Composio dos Desempregados
Desempregados199220022004Dif. Absoluta (1992 - 2002)Cresc. (%) (1992 - 2002)Cresc. na Part.(pp) (1992 - 2002)Dif. Absoluta (1992 - 2004)Cresc. (%) (1992 - 2004)
Brasil4,747,7708,110,7658,471,4063,362,99570.8-3,723,63678.4
Metropolitano1,979,8393,655,5873,865,0051,675,74884.63.371,885,16695.2
Metropolitano PME1,685,0883,043,2973,239,9771,358,20980.62.031,554,88992.3
No-Metropolitano2,767,9314,455,1784,606,4011,687,24761.0-3.371,838,47066.4
Grandes Regies
Norte240,665471,748452,851231,08396.00.75212,18688.2
Nordeste1,261,8431,995,2892,302,444733,44658.1-1.981,040,60182.5
Sudeste2,342,5534,179,6234,266,2131,837,07078.42.191,923,66082.1
Sul595,637948,440897,691352,80359.2-0.85302,05450.7
Centro-Oeste307,072515,665552,207208,59367.9-0.11245,13579.8
Mulheres2,288,2644,330,5234,751,6652,042,25989.25-2,463,401107.7
Metropolitano954,3111,972,9202,153,7151,018,609106.743.851,199,404125.7
Metropolitano "PME"810,6351,647,5151,804,375836,880103.242.62993,740122.6
No-Metropolitano1,333,9532,357,6032,597,9501,023,65076.74-3.851,263,99794.8
Chefes de Domiclio973,8641,713,4301,728,859739,56675.94-754,99577.5
Metropolitano409,288806,515808,131397,22797.055.04398,84397.4
Metropolitano "PME"350,602679,702651,450329,10093.873.67300,84885.8
No-Metropolitano564,576906,915920,728342,33960.64-5.04356,15263.1
Fonte: IBGE/Pnad
G7
Grfico 7: Taxa de Informalidade (%)Total, Metropolitano e No-Metropolitano
AnosMetropolitanoNo MetropolitanoBrasil
199238.2558.5351.94
199339.3059.2052.71
1994
199540.7058.6052.65
199641.3658.1352.55
199741.6158.0652.67
199841.8458.4153.00
199943.7358.2553.53
2000
200144.5556.4352.45
200245.0256.3752.57
200344.0855.4451.69
200444.1354.6851.19
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004
T8
38.2541157158.5317092551.93833584
39.3007332259.2032611952.71230991
199419941994
40.6989278658.6021077852.65498639
41.3621261958.1301301752.55292595
41.6072650258.06308530552.66744635
41.8421085758.4094666852.99932607
43.734316258.2464967953.52991706
200020002000
44.5524178156.426408752.45369344
45.0218524456.365387252.56647935
44.0760262555.4430694551.68894542
44.1255156354.6794160251.18632391
Metropolitano
No Metropolitano
Brasil
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004
Metropolitano
No Metropolitano
Brasil
(%)
Grfico 7: Grau de Informalidade (%) Total, Metropolitano e No-Metropolitano - PNAD
D8
Tabela 8: Grau de informalidade: Anos e Recortes Selecionados (em %)
1992199920012004
Brasil51.953.552.551.2
Setor
Indstria
Total33.036.535.333.9
Metropolitano24.031.232.632.8
No metropolitano39.039.336.834.5
Servios
Total53.551.252.752.4
Metropolitano48.947.449.548.8
No metropolitano55.953.254.554.4
Comrcio
Total57.757.655.553.5
Metropolitano52.354.353.051.8
No metropolitano61.059.656.954.5
Agricultura
Total81.680.680.278.5
Grandes Regies
Norte59.762.361.859.9
Nordeste68.669.267.866.7
Sudeste42.745.944.844.0
Sul47.447.246.844.7
Centro-Oeste57.655.054.051.6
Fonte: IBGE, Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domiclios de 1992, 1999, 2001 e 2004.
Grau de informalidade: (sc + cp) / ( sc + cp + cc + emp)
G8
Grfico 8: Rendimento Mdio do trabalho principal dos ocupados (em R$ de 2004) - Total, Metropolitano e No-Metropolitano
yearMetropolitanNon-MetropolitanBrazil
1992870.70472.25591.56
1993915.88488.21616.46
1994
19951,121.09592.00753.95
19961,164.93621.62788.61
19971,160.16617.22781.69
19981,165.08609.74777.41
19991,044.13578.65717.65
2000
20011,015.16589.78723.00
2002979.24576.24702.71
2003891.64552.88657.62
2004884.81562.03662.05
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004
T9
591.561870.7472.25
616.462915.88488.21
199419941994
753.9541121.09592
788.6081164.93621.62
781.6941160.16617.22
777.4091165.08609.74
717.6541044.13578.65
200020002000
723.0041015.16589.78
702.705979.24576.24
657.619891.64552.88
662.05884.81562.03
Source: PNAD/IBGE
Brazil
Non-Metropolitan
Metropolitan
Brazil
Metropolitan
Non-Metropolitan
Average income from employed workers (R$ of 2004) - Total, Metropolitan and Non-Metropolitan
D9
Tabela 9: Rendimento Mdio do Trabalho Principal - Posio na Ocupao(R$ de setembro de 2004)
1993199619982004
Brasil616.5788.6777.4662.1
Conta prpria599.3821.8716.4579.2
Protegidos835.3961.8984.1818.4
Sem carteira280.2402.4416.1367.9
Metropolitano915.91,164.91,165.1884.8
Conta prpria841.11,227.41,079.9771.3
Protegidos994.21,183.51,211.4985.3
Sem carteira434.8600.5651.5499.3
No Metropolitano488.2621.6609.7562.0
Conta prpria517.1679.1590.8505.6
Protegidos716.5804.1827.7715.6
Sem carteira232.6332.7336.6316.2
Fonte: Pnads 1992 a 2004
G9
AnoGini per capitaGiniindividual
19950.6020.557
19960.6000.553
19970.6030.551
19980.6010.547
19990.5950.538
2000
20010.5990.540
20020.5960.539
20030.5910.530
20040.5830.523
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004
D10
0.601640.55709
0.599510.55283
0.602740.55134
0.600720.54701
0.594790.53776
20002000
0.599160.53973
0.59620.539
0.591350.52959
0.582760.52348
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004
Gini per capita
Gini - Individual
Grafico 9: Desigualdade de Rendimentos do Trabalho - Coeficiente de Gini
G10
Grfico 10: Crescimento da Produtividade Total dos Fatores Agregada - 1971/97
AnoPFT*
7119714.00
7219723.68
7319733.48
7419741.90
7519750.77
7619761.22
7719771.43
7819781.58
7919791.71
8019802.25
8119810.90
8219821.12
8319831.24
8419842.04
8519850.59
8619861.59
8719870.68
8819880.86
8919890.41
9019900.77
9119912.28
9219922.08
9319931.98
9419942.47
9519952.62
9619962.32
9719970.84
T-A1
4
3.68
3.48
1.9
0.77
1.22
1.43
1.58
1.71
2.25
0.9
1.12
1.24
2.04
0.59
1.59
0.68
0.86
0.41
0.77
2.28
2.08
1.98
2.47
2.62
2.32
0.84
(%)
Grfico 10: Crescimento da Produtividade Total dos Fatores Agregada - 1971/97
T-A2
Tabela A.1- Evoluo do Nvel e Composio do Emprego segundo Caractersticas Selecionadas
OcupadosDesocupados
199220022004Cresc.(1992-2002)(%)Cresc.(1992-2004)(%)199220022004Cresc.(1992-2002)(%)Cresc.(1992-2004)(%)
Total61,229,42774,854,80078,693,97822.328.54,747,7708,195,4538,471,40672.678.4
Gnero
Homem38,846,50644,990,07146,625,90215.820.02,459,5063,819,6513,719,74155.351.2
Mulher22,382,92129,864,72932,068,07633.443.32,288,2644,375,8024,751,66591.2107.7
Grupos de idade
10 a 14 anos2,922,6661,370,4811,092,844-53.1-62.6344,023239,393184,944-30.4-46.2
15 a 24 anos15,743,25216,775,14517,059,5826.68.42,279,7333,912,0044,084,72071.679.2
25 a 49 anos33,780,25244,530,10247,305,61531.840.01,906,7953,501,1093,666,11183.692.3
50 anos e mais8,779,44912,168,10013,232,05838.650.7217,219542,947535,631150.0146.6
Anos de estudo
0 a 3 anos21,752,87416,707,81515,482,466-23.2-28.81,145,5651,199,2221,080,9424.7-5.6
4 a 7 anos19,767,55821,463,08421,132,6168.66.91,931,3782,494,9202,288,28229.218.5
8 a 10 anos7,682,64512,307,83713,645,75860.277.6878,8342,051,8452,270,911133.5158.4
11 anos e mais11,881,16924,059,13528,199,092102.5137.3770,6812,396,1152,785,093210.9261.4
Posio no domiclio
Chefe27,942,54535,047,54536,833,97725.431.8973,8641,731,2441,728,85977.877.5
Outros moradores33,286,88239,807,25541,860,00119.625.83,773,9066,464,2096,742,54771.378.7
Posio na ocupao
Trabalhador protegido24,018,94729,790,87232,754,23924.036.4-----
Trabalhador sem carteira de trabalho assinada14,400,41319,158,07019,928,67433.038.4-----
Conta prpria14,137,35717,570,90518,015,38524.327.4-----
Empregador2,399,3483,351,6293,430,99339.743.0-----
Trabalhador no remunerado6,247,5804,974,7014,562,824-20.4-27.0-----
Setor de Atividade
Agricultura14,912,83512,701,41712,791,789-14.8-14.2-----
Indstria10,155,84911,175,44912,228,90810.020.4-----
Construo4,040,1235,459,8335,193,80135.128.6-----
Comrcio9,696,80613,416,71914,403,41038.448.5-----
Administrao Pblica3,107,6863,869,0514,172,77324.534.3-----
Servios11,292,61316,226,46717,164,10843.752.0-----
Outras atividades7,798,81411,805,52012,518,85151.460.5-----
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE 1992, 2002 e 2004
T-A3
Tabela A2- Ocupadas por posio na ocupao (em milhes) - IBGE
199220012004Cresc. (% aa) 1992-2001Cresc. (% aa) 2001-2004
PIA113.30138.84147.202.32.0
PEA69.7183.9591.042.12.7
Taxa de Participao61.560.561.8-0.20.7
Taxa de Desemprego6.59.49.04.1-1.3
Ocupao Total65.4078.9682.822.11.6
Empregado e trabalhador domsticos38.5847.2352.682.33.7
Com carteira de trabalho assinada20.1223.9327.221.94.4
Militares e estaturios3.974.915.532.44.0
Outros sem carteira de trabalho assinada14.4618.3919.932.72.7
Empregado34.2241.2946.272.13.9
Com carteira de trabalho assinada19.3622.3825.561.64.5
Militares e estaturios3.974.915.532.44.0
Outros sem carteira de trabalho assinada10.8713.9915.182.82.7
Trabalhador domstico4.365.946.423.52.6
Com carteira de trabalho assinada0.761.551.668.22.4
Sem carteira de trabalho assinada3.594.394.752.32.7
Conta prpria14.2016.9718.022.02.0
Empregador2.413.213.433.32.2
No remunerado6.855.635.41-2.2-1.3
Trabalhador na produo para o prprio consumo3.212.903.18-1.13.1
Trabalhador na construo para o prprio uso0.160.150.10-0.5-12.6
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE 1992, 2001 e 2004.
Tabela A3: Rendimento Mdio do Trabalho Principal por Sexo e Escolaridade(R$ de setembro de 2004)
19921993199519961997199819992001200220032004
Total
Brasil592616754789782777718723703658662
Metropolitano8919161,1211,1651,1601,1651,044979979892885
No metropolitano472488592622617610579576576553562
Mulheres
Brasil404409525575566575540553542504512
Metropolitano624632783856860854803781767697704
No metropolitano301302397434423437415435427406416
Homens
Brasil701738893918912901829834809761765
Metropolitano1,0311,1041,3581,3801,3671,3861,2171,1911,1401,0421,028
No metropolitano567591704739728709676684670645657
0 a 3 anos de estudo
Brasil266263314336324314292301291281285
Metropolitano424403497559547513465439416382375
No metropolitano233235277291278276260272265260266
4 a 7 anos de estudo
Brasil450449535550526510477456442413420
Metropolitano552542670692657640588545532484487
No metropolitano405409475492475459435421408387396
8 a 10 anos de estudo
Brasil652636751761743702632600554510496
Metropolitano737706854872865809734678633576546
No metropolitano594588679686664634569553507475470
11 ou mais anos de estudo
Brasil1,3831,4811,7581,7231,7081,6681,5021,3941,3091,1691,140
Metropolitano1,6301,7712,1192,0722,0512,0441,7981,6841,5641,3721,339
No metropolitano1,1821,2401,4681,4431,4411,3801,2851,1821,1231,0261,002
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004
How do we explain the labor markets low performance? Labor market analysis model Macroeconomy
Demography
Labor Market InstitutionsEducational System
Social Security SystemSocial Security System
F1
Labor market resultsEducational System
Macroeconomy (aggregate demand)Quality and quantity of labor
Labor market mechanicsDemographic pattern
Labor market institutions, interventions and legislation
Labor market performance
F2
Figura 2
PIA
PNEA
PEA
PEA Marginal
PEA Efetiva
Auto-consumo
Construo Prpria
OcupaoDesocupao
No-remunerado
Composio por:Composio por:
-Sexo-Sexo
-Idade-Idade
-Escolaridade-Escolaridade
-Posio na ocupao-Posio no Domiclio
-Setor de Atividade-Recorte Espacial
-Posio no Domiclio
-Recorte Espacial
F3
Figura 3
Populao
178,604,594
PIA
147,204,0660.8241896958
PEAPNEA
91,035,16456,168,9020.50970225320.6184283252
0.31448744260.3815716748
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE
F4
Figura 4
PEA IBGE
91,035,164
PEA Marginal
3,869,780
PEA Efetiva
87,165,384Auto Consumo
3,008,969
OcupadosDesocupadosConst. Prpria
78,693,9788,471,40666,021
No Remunerado
794,790
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE
F5
Figura 5
por Escolaridade
0-3 anos15,482,4660.197329587315,528,6500.197329587378,459,932
4-7 anos21,132,6160.269342777421,195,6550.2693427774234,046
8-10 anos13,645,7580.173920084513,686,4630.1739200845
11+ anos28,199,0920.359407550928,283,2100.3594075509
78,459,932178,693,978
por Posio no Domiclio
Chefe36,833,977
No Chefe41,860,001
Ocupadospor Posio na Ocupao
Total78,693,978Protegidos32,754,239
Homens46625902Sem carteira19,928,6740.5924964424
Mulheres32068076Conta Prpria18,015,3850.4075035576
N-Remunerado4,562,824
Empregadores3,430,993
por rea
Metropolitana24,844,4870.3157101424
N-Metrop.53,849,4910.6842898576
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE
F6
Figura 6
por Escolaridade
0-3 anos1080942.06.5
4-7 anos2288282.09.8
8-10 anos2270911.014.3
11+ anos2785093.09.0
Desempregadospor Faixa Etria
Total8,471,40610-14 anos184,944
Homens3,719,7417.415-24 anos4,084,720
Mulheres4,751,66512.925-49 anos3,666,111
50+ anos535,631
0.4390936994
0.5609063006
por Posio no Domiclio
Chefe1,728,8596.5
No Chefe6,742,54711.1
por rea
Metropolitana3,865,0059.50.4562412662
N-Metrop.4,606,4019.90.5437587338
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE
F7
Figura 7
por Posio na Ocupao
Protegidos818.4
Sem carteira367.9
Conta Prpria579.2
Empregadores2243.8
Rendimento dos Ocupados
Total662.1
Homens765.3
Mulheres512.4
por Escolaridade
0-3 anos284.76
4-7 anos419.80
8-10 anos496.16
11+ anos1,139.73
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE
F8
Figura 8
Dimenso do Mercado de Trabalho Brasileiro em 2004
PIA
Total147,204,068
Homens70,795,918
Mulheres78,408,148
PNEA
Total56,168,904
Homens19,142,412PEA (definio IBGE)
Mulheres39,026,490N absolutosTx. Participao
Total91,035,16461.8%
Homens51,653,50673.0%
Mulheres39,381,65851.5%
PEA Marginal
Total3,869,780
PEA EfetivaHomens1,307,863
N absolutosTx. ParticipaoMulheres2,561,917
Total87,165,38459.2%
Homens50,345,64371.1%
Mulheres36,819,74148.2%Auto-consumo3,008,969
Construo prpria66,021
OcupadosDesempregados
Total78,693,978N absolutosTx. DesempregoNo-remunerado794,790
Homens48,625,902Total8,471,4069.7%
Mulheres32,068,076Homens3,719,7417.4%
Mulheres4,751,66512.9%
Posio na OcupaoFaixa EtriaFaixa Etria
Protegidos32,754,23910-14 anos1,092,844N absolutosTx. Desemprego
ESC19,928,67415-24 anos17,059,58210-14 anos184,94414.5%
Conta Prpria18,015,38525-49 anos47,305,61515-24 anos4,084,72019.3%
No-remunerados4,562,82450 anos ou +13,232,05825-49 anos3,666,1117.2%
Empregadores3,430,99350 anos ou +535,6313.9%
Escolaridade - anos completos
Setor de Atividade0-3 anos15,482,466Escolaridade - anos completos
Agricultura12,791,7894-7 anos21,132,616N absolutosTx. Desemprego
Indstria12,228,9088-10 anos13,645,7580-3 anos1,080,9426.5%
Construo5,193,80111 ou + anos28,199,0924-7 anos2,288,2829.8%
Comrcio14,403,4108-10 anos2,270,91114.3%
Servios17,164,108Posio no Domiclio11 ou + anos2,785,0939.0%
Adm. Pblica4,172,773Chefe36,833,977
Outras Atividades8,657,782No-chefe41,860,001Posio no Domiclio
N absolutosTx. Desemprego
Recorte EspacialChefe1,728,8594.5%
Metropolitana24,844,487No-chefe6,742,54713.9%
No-metropolitana53,849,491
Recorte Espacial
N absolutosTx. Desemprego
Metropolitana3,865,00513.5%
No-metropolitana4,606,4017.9%
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE
D1
Grfico 1: Evoluo da taxa de desemprego
AnoBrasil
19927.2
19936.8
1994
19956.7
19967.6
19978.5
19989.7
2000
199910.4
200110.1
20029.9
200310.5
20049.7
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE 1992 a 2994
G1
7.1960771537
6.8026581264
1994
6.6644889637
7.593453871
8.4566591915
9.7491344743
2000
10.4373104023
10.051471135
9.8680650618
10.4790711531
9.7187732231
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE 1992 a 2004
Brasil
(%)
Grfico 1: Evoluo da Taxa de Desemprego
F9
Figura 9
F10
Figura 10
Estados do Mercado de Trabalho segundo dados de Pnads
AnoTaxa de ParticipaoTaxa de Desemprego
199261.56.5
199361.16.2
199561.36.1
199659.27.0
199760.17.8
199860.29.0
199961.09.6
200160.59.4
200261.39.2
200361.49.7
200461.89.0
T1
Tabela 1: Pessoas em Idade Ativa (PIA) e Pessoas Economicamente Ativas (PEA)
PIA1992199920012004Cresc. (% aa) 1992-1999Cresc. (% aa) 2001-200420022003
Brasil113,295,184133,172,799138,859,293147,204,0662.32.0141,760,950144,640,650
Metropolitano35,922,30942,305,67245,009,65947,690,9272.41.945,951,64146,907,360
Metropolitano "PME"30,418,33835,499,09237,015,64238,936,6622.21.737,688,49738,408,348
No-Metropolitano77,372,87590,867,12793,849,63499,513,1392.32.095,809,30997,733,290
Urbano54,439,38166,242,23673,592,36978,931,5382.82.475,438,70977,195,950
Rural22,933,49424,624,89120,257,26520,581,6011.00.520,370,60020,537,340
Grandes Regies
Norte4,829,9486,480,8377,631,1998,591,1234.34.07,891,6598,223,340
Nordeste32,093,30737,405,25538,461,23340,505,2102.21.739,199,86939,872,473
Sudeste51,061,58659,794,78861,817,88765,148,7632.31.863,005,81464,266,953
Sul17,799,21020,253,34721,226,91622,486,7621.91.921,666,20922,044,873
Centro-Oeste7,511,1339,238,5729,722,05810,472,2083.02.59,997,39910,233,011
PEA1992199920012004Cresc. (% aa) 1992-1999Cresc. (% aa) 2001-200420022003
Brasil65,977,19777,243,16680,346,97587,165,3842.32.883,050,25384,730,086
Metropolitano20,313,15224,460,82826,385,28028,709,4922.72.927,479,35427,709,505
Metropolitano "PME"17,099,16120,461,57221,660,30223,437,6652.62.722,536,74722,709,681
No-Metropolitano45,664,04552,782,33853,961,69558,455,8922.12.755,570,89957,020,581
Urbano31,168,36637,794,92742,058,27146,351,8602.83.343,506,36145,054,643
Rural14,495,67914,987,41111,903,42412,104,0320.50.612,064,53811,965,938
Grandes Regies
Norte2,719,5083,664,1764,203,2314,914,2594.45.34,474,7384,723,251
Nordeste18,314,01021,173,41321,088,85922,815,0272.12.721,849,94022,148,428
Sudeste29,146,29534,262,00636,057,69138,824,5232.32.537,221,12137,950,133
Sul11,226,81412,561,60813,084,12714,168,8771.62.713,429,53413,737,834
Centro-Oeste4,570,5705,581,9635,913,0676,442,6982.92.96,074,9206,170,440
Fonte: Pnads/IBGE 1992, 1999, 2001 e 2004.
* As seis regies metropolitanas pesquisadas pela PME so: So Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, Recife e Salvador. As demais que constam da PNAD so: Curitiba, Fortaleza, Belm e Braslia.
D2
Taxa de Participao por Sexo (%)
AnoFemininoMasculinoTotal
199242.388674.975358.2348
199342.244174.420257.8815
1994
199543.438873.621058.0890
199642.207571.513156.3988
199743.115472.297457.2702
199843.686471.906657.3732
199944.872671.979658.0022
2000
200145.571971.044157.8622
200246.650471.398258.5847
200347.671870.890558.5797
200448.188271.113859.2140
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE, de 1992 a 2004.
G2
58.2347763374.9752939742.38863848
57.8814907674.4201553342.24405088
199419941994
58.089013273.6210050443.43881457
56.3987643271.513090542.20749707
57.270155272.2974072443.11540546
57.373207171.9065575643.68641265
58.002209671.9796244444.87263105
200020002000
57.8621518771.0441224145.57185235
58.5847181571.3981546846.65035101
58.5797187770.8904826747.67180919
59.2139785171.1137653448.18823903
Masculina
Total
Feminina
33 p.p.
23 p.p.
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE 1992 a 2004
Total
Masculina
Feminina
Grfico 2: Taxa de Participao por Sexo
D3
Grfico 5: Taxa de Participao e Frequncia Escolar dos Jovens de 15 a 24 anos (%)
AnoTaxa de ParticipaoFrequencia Escolar
199265.2034.90
199364.3137.36
1994
199563.1340.90
199660.8642.61
199761.2244.59
199861.1147.26
199961.4248.67
2000
200160.0648.59
200261.2248.65
200360.8048.97
200461.9747.72
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE, de 1992 a 2004.
G3
65.20134.9
64.30737.36
19941994
63.13140.9
60.85842.61
61.22144.59
61.11447.26
61.41748.67
20002000
60.05848.59
61.21648.65
60.79948.97
61.9747.72
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004.
Frequncia Escolar
Taxa de Participao
Taxa de Participao
Frequencia Escolar
(%)
Grfico 3: Taxa de Participao e Frequncia Escolar dos Jovens de 15 a 24 anos
D4
Taxa de Participao por Sexo (%)
AnoBrasilMetropolitanoNo Metropolitano
199261.2318.3342.90
199362.3918.7343.66
1994
199565.3920.1445.24
199664.3019.9044.40
199765.5820.0445.54
199866.1420.2245.92
199969.1820.9548.23
2000
200172.2722.9549.32
200274.8523.7851.07
200375.8523.8052.05
200478.6924.8453.85
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004.
Total de Pessoal Ocupado
AnoBrasilMetropolitanoNo Metropolitano
199261,229,42718,333,31342,896,114
199362,390,58418,727,81343,662,771
1994
199565,386,63020,144,69445,241,936
199664,299,68519,895,95544,403,730
199765,576,71720,035,36145,541,356
199866,139,77120,222,83545,916,936
199969,181,05720,947,45848,233,599
2000
200172,270,92222,952,64449,318,278
200274,854,80023,782,74951,072,051
200375,851,16023,797,64352,053,517
200478,693,97824,844,48753,849,491
Fonte: IBGE, PNAD de 1992 a 2004.
78,693,978
G4
61.22942718.33331342.896114
62.39058418.72781343.662771
199419941994
65.3866320.14469445.241936
64.29968519.89595544.40373
65.57671720.03536145.541356
66.13977120.22283545.916936
69.18105720.94745848.233599
200020002000
72.27092222.95264449.318278
74.854823.78274951.072051
75.8511623.79764352.053517
78.69397824.84448753.849491
Fonte: Pnad/IBGE de 1992 a 2004.
Brasil
Metropolitano
No Metropolitano
Milhes
Grfico 4: Nvel de Ocupao (em milhes)Total, Metropolitano e No-Metropolitano - Pnad
T2
Tabela 2: Pessoas de 10 anos e mais de idade - Ocupadas
Ocupadas1992199920012004Cresc. (%aa) 1992-1999Cresc. (%aa) 2001-2004
Brasil61,229,42769,181,05772,270,92278,693,9781.802.90
Metropolitano18,333,31320,947,45822,952,64424,844,4871.902.70
Metropolitano"PME"15,414,07317,489,76618,819,14320,197,6881.802.40
No-Metropolitano42,896,11448,233,59949,318,27853,849,4911.703.00
Fonte: Pnads 1992, 1999, 2001 e 2004
* As seis regies metropolitanas pesquisadas pela PME so: So Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, Recife e Salvador. As demais que constam da Pnad so: Curitiba, Fortaleza, Belm e Braslia
T3
Tabela 3: Pessoas de 10 anos e mais de Idade Ocupadas e Desocupadas - Variaes Espaciais
Ocupados199220022004Dif. Absoluta (1992 - 2002)Cresc. (%) (1992 - 2002)Cresc. na Part.(pp) (1992 - 2002)Dif. Absoluta (1992 - 2004)Cresc. (%) (1992 - 2004)Cresc. na Part.(pp) (1992 - 2004)
Brasil61,229,42774,110,70978,693,97812,881,28221.0-17,464,55128.5-
Metropolitano18,333,31323,518,09424,844,4875,184,78128.31.796,511,17435.51.63
Metropolitano PME *15,414,07319,266,83620,197,6883,852,76325.00.824,783,61531.00.49
No-Metropolitano42,896,11450,592,61553,849,4917,696,50117.9-1.7910,953,37725.5-1.63
Urbano28,671,84338,949,78242,119,42010,277,93935.85.7313,447,57746.96.70
Rural14,224,27111,642,83311,730,0712,581,438-18.1-7.522,494,200-17.5-8.33
Grandes Regies
Norte2,478,8433,931,9384,461,4081,453,09558.61.261,982,56580.01.62
Nordeste17,052,16719,675,50820,512,5832,623,34115.4-1.303,460,41620.3-1.78
Sudeste26,803,74232,667,70034,558,3105,863,95821.90.307,754,56828.90.14
Sul10,631,17712,361,10213,271,1861,729,92516.3-0.682,640,00924.8-0.50
Centro-Oeste4,263,4985,474,4615,890,4911,210,96328.40.421,626,99338.20.52
Fonte: PNADs 1992, 2004.
* As seis regies metropolitanas pesquisadas pela PME so: So Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, Recife e Salvador. As demais que constam da PNAD so: Curitiba, Fortaleza, Belm e Braslia.
T4
Tabela 4: Pessoas Ocupadas com 10 a 14 anos de idade
Ocupados:10 a 14 anosde idade199220012004Reduo mdia 1992-2001Reduo mdia 2001-2004
Brasil2,922,6661,471,7911,092,844161,208.3126,315.7
Metropolitano303,310163,603126,25215,523.012,450.3
Metropolitano "PME"228,206119,58992,54712