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IPOD Neural Impulse Demonstration
Brain and Behavior
Introduction
Some methods of studying the brain
Animal Research:1.) Lesioning2.) ESB (Electrical Stimulation of Brain)
Human Research1.) CT (or CAT) scan2.) PET (Positron Emission Tomography) Scan3.)fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Methods of Studying animal brains1.) Lesioning
Involves the destruction of a piece of brain An electrode is inserted and high frequency current
burns tissue
2.) Electrical Stimulation of brain (ESB)An electrical current is sent through brain to
stimulate itElectrode used to activate brain area
Methods of studying human brain
1.) CT (CAT) Scan-Computer enhanced X-ray of brain structure-creates vivid image of the brain through multiple
x-rays
Methods of studying Human Brain2.) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanRadioactive markers map chemical activity in brain
Color coded map shows which brain areas are active during certain functions
Methods of Studying Human Brain
3.) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Different than regular MRI (MRI only maps structure)
fMRI monitors oxygen and blood flow to brain areas during certain functions
Brain Regions
3 Major regions of the brain1.) Hindbrain2.) Midbrain3.) Forebrain
HindbrainConsists of:1.) Cerebellum2.) Medulla3.) Pons
1.) Cerebellum- “little brain”Coordinates movementResponsible for balance
2.) MedullaIn charge of unconscious, essential functions
Breathing, Regulating our circulation
3.) Pons“Bridge” connecting brain stem with cerebellum
Involved with sleep
ForebrainConsists of:1.) Thalamus2.) Hypothalamus3.) Hippocampus4.) Amygdala5.) Cerebrum
1.) ThalamusRelay station for sensory informationPlays role in integrating information from senses
2.) HypothalamusRegulation of basic biological needsHunger, sex drive, thirst
What happens when certain parts of hypothalamus lesioned
3.) HippocampusRole in memory
4.) AmygdalaRole in learning of fear responses
5.) CerebrumLargest brain partControls mental activitiesLearning, thinking, remembering
Divided into 2 halves called hemispheres
Brain has right hemisphere and left hemisphere
Corpus Callosum – connective tissue holding hemispheres (halves) together
Each Hemisphere Contains 4 Lobes
1.) Frontal Lobe- Motor Coordination; thought processes
2.) Occipital Lobe – Vision
3.) Parietal Lobe – Sensation (Touch)
4.) Temporal Lobe- Auditory (Hearing)
Right/ Left Hemisphere
We essentially have two brains in oneLeft Hemisphere
Verbal ProcessingLanguageSpeechReadingWriting
Right Hemisphere Spatial and visual recognition
Expression “Right-Brained” or “Left Brained”
Hemispheres and bodyEach hemisphere controls the opposite side of
the body
Right hemisphere coordinates left side of the body
Left hemisphere coordinates right side of the body
Brain Plasticity