IPv4 vs IPv6Presented Devang Doshi on: Aug 27, 2015

Index• Internet Protocol (IP)• IPv4• IPv6

What is Internet Protocol (IP)?• As defined in Wikipedia, an Internet

Protocol address (IP address) is • a numerical label assigned to each device

(e.g., computer, printer) • participating in a computer network that uses

the Internet Protocol for communication• with two Principal functions:

• host or network interface identification

• location addressing

• Physical Address: MAC• Logical Address: IP Address

Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6

Image source: http://blog.vuze.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vuze_how_to_configure_envelope.png

Internet Protocol (IP) Versions• Versions in use:

• IP Version 4 (IPv4: 172.16.254.1)

• IP Version 6 (IPv6: 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1)

• The generic term IP address typically refers to IPv4

• Version number 5:• Assigned to experimental Internet Stream Protocol in 1979• Never referred to as IPv5

Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6

IPv4 Address• IPv4 addresses are 32 bits• ~4 Million address

(232 = 4294967296)

• Dotted-decimal notation• 4 decimal numbers• Ranging from 0 to 255• Separated by dots (.)• Each part represents a group of

8 bits (octet) of the address

Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6

Image source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address#/media/File:Ipv4_address.svg

ClassesIP

ClassIP Range

FromIP Range

ToDefault Subnet

MaskPossible

NetworksPossible Hosts

(per network)

A 0.0.0.0 127.255.255.255 255.0.0.0 128 (27) 16,777,216 (224)

B 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255 255.255.0.0 16,384 (214) 65,536 (216)

C 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255 255.255.255.0 2,097,152 (221) 256 (28)

D 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255 Multicast

E 240.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 Experimental

Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6

Reserved Private IPs• The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has

reserved the following three blocks of the IP address space for private internets:• 10/8• 172.16/12• 192.168/16

Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6

IP Class IP Range From IP Range To

A 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255

B 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255

C 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255

Loopback127.0.0.0 127.255.255.255

(127.0.0.1)

Subnet Mask• Subnet mask: reveal

additional information about IP• Network and Host

• 255: 11111111• 0: 00000000

Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6

IP: 10.1.0.217 00001010.00000001.00000000.11011001

Subnet: 255.0.0.011111111.00000000.00000000.00000000

Subnet Mask• Default Subnet Mask

• Decimal to Subnet Conversion Table

*Total of Rows = Total of Columns = 256

Subnet 128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255

DW 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6

IP Class

IP Range From

IP RangeTo

Default Subnet Mask

Possible Networks

Possible Hosts (per network)

A 0.0.0.0 127.255.255.255 255.0.0.0 128 (27) 16,777,216 (224)

B 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255 255.255.0.0 16,384 (214) 65,536 (216)

C 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255 255.255.255.0 2,097,152 (221) 256 (28)

Subnetting

Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6

• Create more networks by allocating a part of the host address space to network addresses• Get most out of the

limited 32-bit IPv4 addressing space • Reduce the size of the

routing tables• Class A, class B, class C,

doesn't matter

Image source: http://iblog.dearbornschools.org/bazziart/wp-content/uploads/sites/625/2015/03/folded-paper-300x386.jpg

Subnetting: Class C NetworkCreate two subnet (192.168.1.0 /24)

192.168.1.0

255.255.255.011111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

Two networks, 1 fold = 1 bit to borrow11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000

255.255.255.128

Increment:128

Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6

Subnet 128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255

DW 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Net Id Valid IP Range LBA*

192.168.1.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.126 192.168.1.127

192.168.1.128 192.168.1.129 192.168.1.244 192.168.1.255

*Local Broadcast Address

Supernetting

Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6

• Supernetting, aka,• Route aggregation OR• Summarization

• Opposite of Subnetting• Router announce what

they have, to other routers• So that all the routers in an

area come to know entire topology or the part of it which is relevant to them

• Routers should talk as little as possible

Image source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Supernetting_-_Esquema_1_resuelto.jpg

IPv6

Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6

• Why IPv6?• IPv4 is 32 bit address

(11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111)• Capacity ~4 Million address

(232 = 4294967296)• Shortage of IPv4

• IPv6 address are 128 bit• Capacity

3.4028236692093846346337460743177e+38 (2128 = 2.4 x 1038)

• Dotted-decimal notation• 8 hexadecimal• Ranging from 0 to F• Separated by dots (.)

Image source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6#/media/File:Ipv6_address_leading_zeros.svg

IPv6: Different from IPv4

Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6

• IPv6 has multicast and anycast addresses• No broadcast addresses• IPv6 has no secondary addresses, though it can have

multiple live IPv6 addresses on an interface• No private addresses

• There is a link local or Personal IP address like 169.254.x.x• Starts with fe80::9880:3bfe:75c:4121%11

• IPv6 address for the world to use starts from 2001• 2001:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx

• Elimination of network address translation (NAT) in IPv6

IPv6: Different from IPv4

Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6

Image source: http://www.certiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/IPV6-vs-IPV4.jpg

Reference: Websites• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address• https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1918• http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19455-01/806-0916/ipconfig-

31/index.html• http://www.certiology.com/computing/computer-

networking/ipv6-vs-ipv4.html

Reference: Lynda.com online courses• Understanding IP Address (with Mark Jacob)

http://www.lynda.com/iP-tutorials/Understanding-IP-Addressing/184145-2.html

• Everything You Need to Know about Subnetting (with Mark Jacob) http://www.lynda.com/MyPlaylist/Watch/5460783/187391?autoplay=true

• Getting to Know IPv6 (with Mark Jacob)http://www.lynda.com/MyPlaylist/Watch/5460783/189176?autoplay=true

0h 36m

2h 22m

0h 56m

Questions?

Thank you for your time