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© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 1
Ralph Droms Cisco Distinguished Engineer
July 2011
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 2
• IPv4 address exhaustion
• Deploying IPv6 service
• Cisco as a partner in your planning and implementation
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
“Web Running Out of Addresses”
“We’re running out of
internet addresses”
“Why 4.2 Billion Internet
Addresses Just Weren't
Enough”
“Internet will run out of IP
addresses by Friday” 3 Feb, 2011
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Network-Dependent Organizations are Already in Transition
World IPv6 Day
8 June 2011
Global event, more than
1000 participating sites
No major issues
Content providers ready
Network providers ready
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 5
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Ad
dre
ss C
ou
nt (/
8s)
IANA Pool RIR Pool Projection
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 6
http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/rir.jpg
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 Jan 2011 Jul 2011 Jan 2012 Jul 2012 Jan 2013 Jul 2013 Jan 2014 Jul 2014 Jan 2015 Jul 2015
IANA APNIC RIPENCC ARIN LACNIC AFRINIC
Pro
babili
ty (
%)
Registry Exhaustion Dates April 2011
The rate of depletion
is accelerating!
Consistently beating
estimates
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Ris
k f
rom
in
ac
tio
n
Early
Adopters
Globalization
IPv6 Government
Mandate Deadlines
IPv4/IPv6
Co-existence
2010 2012 2014
Transition
Planning 2012: Mandates take effect
Globalization and massive mobile
deployments force IPv6 transitions 2010: Low Impact
Shift if buying behavior limited
to mandated and early adopters
2014: IPv6 is mainstream
Providers without transition
infrastructure will experience reduced
service levels and customer reach
The longer you wait, the higher price you pay
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 8
• IPv6 is designed as a direct replacement for IPv4
Provides familiar best-effort datagram delivery
IPv6 address has a prefix to identify the destination subnet and a suffix to identify the host interface
Not backward compatible with IPv4; carried in parallel as a multi-protocol network
• 128-bit addresses solve address exhaustion problem
Prefix/suffix boundary effectively fixed at 64 bits
Fixed prefix makes address architecture a prefix assignment problem rather than a subnet size problem
64 bit identifier allows hosts to self-assign addresses, in addition to DHCP
• Home networks will use global IPv6 addresses
Restores full connectivity to devices in the home
Utilizes extensions to DHCPv6 for prefix assignment automation
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Translation (NAT)
• Allows multiple local addresses to share single IP address
• Not true end-to-end connectivity
• Can create complications and disruptions
Dual Stack
• Typically easiest to implement
• Built into many modern operating systems
• Implements v4 and v6 independently, as well as in hybrid form
Tunneling
• Encapsulate v6 traffic in v4 packets (and vice versa)
• Can reduce efficiency
• Routing can be sub-optimal
…tunnel where you
need to…
“Dual stack when
you can…
…translate when you
must.”
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Transition Tiers and Technologies
Preserve IPv4
2009 ~2011: v4 run out
3-Tier IPv4 to IPv6
Transition Strategy
v4
User
v4
Server
v4
Transport
v6
User
v6
Server
v6
Transport Transition Technology
■ ■ ■ NAT 44
■ ■ ■ A+P
■ ■ ■ 6rd
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Dual-Stack
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Dual-Stack lite
■ ■ ■ ■ NAT64
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 11
Subscribers Provider IP NGN Internet
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
Private IP
Private IP Moves into the SP
Private IP
Private IP
Private IP
Private IP
IPv4
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Transition Tiers and Technologies
Preserve IPv4
IPv4/IPv6 Coexistence Infrastructure
2009 ~2011: v4 run out
3-Tier IPv4 to IPv6
Transition Strategy
v4
User
v4
Server
v4
Transport
v6
User
v6
Server
v6
Transport Transition Technology
■ ■ ■ NAT 44
■ ■ ■ A+P
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 6rd
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Dual-Stack
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Dual-Stack lite
■ ■ ■ ■ NAT64
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 13
IPv6
Private
IPv4
Private
IPv4
IPv4 IPv4
IPv4
Subscribers 6rd Internet
IPv6
IPv6
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 14
IPv4
Private
IPv4
Private
IPv4
IPv6
Subscribers Internet
IPv6
IPv6
IPv6
IPv4
IPv4
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 15
IPv4
Private
IPv4
Private
IPv4
IPv6
Subscribers NAT44 (“AFTR”) Internet
IPv6
IPv6
IPv6
IPv4
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Transition Tiers and Technologies
v4
User
v4
Server
v4
Transport
v6
User
v6
Server
v6
Transport Transition Technology
■ ■ ■ NAT 44
■ ■ ■ A+P
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 6rd
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Dual-Stack
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Dual-Stack lite
■ ■ ■ ■ NAT64
Preserve IPv4
IPv4/IPv6 Coexistence Infrastructure
Services & Applications running over IPv6
2009 ~2011: v4 run out
3-Tier IPv4 to IPv6
Transition Strategy
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 17
IPv4
IPv6
Subscribers NAT64 Internet
IPv6
IPv6
IPv6
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
CM Bridge
Home Gateway
Service Provider Admin Domain
Customer Admin Domain
• Home Gateway initiates DHCPv4
Receives global (routable) IPv4 address
Gateway implements (stateful) NAT
Assigns, via DHCPv4, 192.168.x.x addresses to
home devices
Home Network
CMTSRouter
Servers
• DHCP, DNS
• TFTP
• TOD
• Management
CNR
CNR
BAC
BAC
Core To Internet HFC
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
CM Router
Service Provider Admin Domain
Customer Admin Domain
Home Network
CMTSRouter
Servers
• DHCP, DNS
• TFTP
• TOD
• Management
CNR
CNR
BAC
BAC
To Internet
HFC Link: Assigned 2001:DB8:FFFF:0::/64 (mgmt) and 2001:DB8:FFFE:0::/64 (Service)
Customer Home NetworkLink 0 (Wireless): Assigned 2001:DB8:0:30::/64
Customer Home NetworkLink 1 (Bridged): Assigned 2001:DB8:0:31::/64
Customer Home NetworkLink 2 (ZigBee): Assigned 2001:DB8:0:32::/64
Wireless Access Point
• CM Router initiates DHCPv6 after receiving RA Receives IPv6 address for HFC link
Receives 2001:DB8:0:30::/60 (prefix delegation)
Receives list of DNS servers and other configuration
CM Router must have stateful firewall
• CM Router assigns /64 prefixes from 2001:DB8:0:30::/60to customer network links
Ethernet Bridge
Core HFC
ZigBee
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
"At Cisco we are commited architecturally to IPv6 across the board:
All of our devices, all of our applications and all of our services."
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco offers CGv6 solutions for each phase of your transition
Preserve investments in infrastructure, assets, and delivery models
• Audit and leverage existing IPv6 capabilities • Maximize value and utilization of IPv4 resources
Prepare for smooth, incremental transition with interoperable IPv4 and IPv6 services
• Develop a migration and deployment plan • Identify and enable critical IPv6 functional areas
Prosper with the uninterrupted reach to globally connected customers
• Enable all systems for v4/v6 co-existence • Grow seamlessly as services transition to IPv6
Preserve
Prepare
Prosper
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Prioritize Critical Areas of Your Business and Network
as You Scale Beyond IPv4
1. Identify the highest priority IPv6-critical areas in your network.
2. Assess those areas to determine the scope of your IPv6 design.
3. Develop a design that enables IPv6 to be introduced without disrupting your IPv4 network.
4. Test and implement IPv6 in pilot mode, then extend over time into production deployment.
5. Repeat steps for subsequent areas of your network through ongoing optimization.
IPv6 adoption must be addressed using a phased approach with careful validation and testing to avoid disrupting the IPv4 network or introducing vulnerabilities.
Solution Overview Through a Phased Approach, We Help You:
Proactively budget your time, money, and resources
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
IPv6
• Scalable and reliable solution
• Seamless integration and no disruption of subscriber
experience
Cisco Network Registrar
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
IPv6
• 4 million customers
• One of the world’s largest live IPv6-enabled residential
networks
IPv6 Residential Services with 6rd
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
IPv6
• Utilize existing architecture
• Integrate multiple types of networks and technologies
Full Range of IPv6 Solutions
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
IPv6
• Renew existing infrastructure
• Develop a 10-year strategy
Long-term Collaboration and Planning
27 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Prime Network Registrar Next Generation IPv6 platform from Cisco
July 2011
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
• Cloud-ready
• Reliable
• Fast and Scalable
• Consolidated IP
Address Management
• Extensible
• Low-risk and Reduced
Start-up Costs
DNS
• Single DNS server supports both IPv4 and IPv6 for device network access
• Standards compliant
• Single DHCP server supports both IPv4 and IPv6 for IP address translation and service delivery
• Over 50 million devices in a single customer deployment
• Internal and external client reservations
• Standards compliant
DHCP IPAM
• IPAM integrated with DNS and DHCP for configuration as well as reporting and management of IPv4 and IPv6
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
IPv6: Stateful and Stateless Configuration and Prefix Delegation
IPv4
Multi-Tenancy Support for
Cloud-Based DHCP and DNS
Business
Backup
Cluster
Cisco Network Registrar
Regional Cluster
Backup
Cluster
IP Next-Generation Network
Access Edge IP Core
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
• The IPv6 transition is under way and accelerating
• Preserve your infrastructure investments by implementing products that support dual-stack
• Cisco Network Registrar offers full lifecycle management for IPv4 and IPv6 and allows dual-stack deployments on a single server
• Cisco Services can help you quickly and cost-effectively assess your entire network infrastructure
• Cisco methodology is focused on enabling you to adopt IPv6 in a controlled, safe, and cost-effective manner, thereby reducing risk to your business
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
• www.cisco.com/go/cgv6 for Cisco Carrier-Grade
IPv6 Solution information
• www.cisco.com/go/ipv6 for general information on
IPv6, Cisco IPv6 Services, and IPv6 Transition Best Practices
• www.cisco.com/go/cnr for product literature,
documentation, white papers and more
• www.ciscoknowledgenetwork.com for information about an additional IPv6 webinar on Tuesday, September 6
Thank You