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What is is common to: George Washington, Robert ELee, George Patton, Julius Caesar, Pericles and thisQuiz ?

They are all General(s) !

IISc Quiz Club presents a General Quiz (on India and theworld) on Sunday 4th Nov 2012 @ 10 am.

Where: CSA Classroom (Ground Floor)

Prizes for top three teams and Chocolates for theaudience.

So bring your backpacks (plus thinking caps and pen &paper) to hitchhike across the globe for free !

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The IISc Quiz Club (IQC)

General Quiz

Sunday 4th Nov 2012QM: Sumeer

For feedback :sumeer.kumar@gmail.com

Cell: 9900 266 539

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A BIG thanks to BT !

N

Ruckus Tangdi time !!!

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About Clues

Most questions carry some clue(s).

Clue(s) will be provided only as long as noteam has an objection .

If any team does NOT want a clue theycan use their veto power to say so, and noclue shall be provided to anyone.

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Rules

Infinite Bounce

Each question carries 6 points.

Some questions have 2 parts and some are 3 parts.

For 2 part answers - each part carries 3 points

For 3 part answers - each part carries 2 points.

No negatives ! So feel free to Guess, Guess and Guess.

Only one answer per team per question.

In case of multiple answers, ONLY the first answer will be accepted.

No pounces !

The Quiz Master's decision is FINAL !

Disclaimer :

Any resemblance to any persons living or dead is purely intentional.

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TWO roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth;

Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same, And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back.

I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I I took the one less traveled by,

And that has made all the difference.

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The Road Not Taken

Robert Frost (18741963).

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WARM-UP QUESTIONS

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What is Greek for "c i ty on the

extremity" or "High City" ?

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ANSWER

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Acropolis

An acropolis is a settlement, especially a citadel,built upon an area of elevated groundfrequently a hill with precipitous sides, chosenfor purposes of defense.

In many parts of the world, acropoleis becamethe nuclei of large cities of classical antiquity,

such as ancient Rome, which in more recenttimes grew up on the surrounding lower ground,such as modern Rome.

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He is known as one of the founding fathersof the internet for having developed the

TCP/IP protocol. Founded MCI in the 1970s which in turn

was responsible for the breaking up the

monopoly of AT&T and creation of theBaby Bells(Regional Bells).

Apparently,his surname was the basis for

a common internet terminology.

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ANSWER

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Vinton Gray "Vint" Cerf

Incidentally, the term surfing as in'surfing the net' is apparently a good

intentioned pun on his last name.

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OK,lets go folks !

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GENERAL ROUND

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Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

Whose woods these are I think I know.

His house is in the village, though;He will not see me stopping hereTo watch his woods fill up with snow.

My little horse must think it queerTo stop without a farmhouse near

Between the woods and frozen lakeThe darkest evening of the year.

He gives his harness bells a shakeTo ask if there is some mistake.The only other sound's the sweepOf easy wind and downy flake.

Complete the last 4 lines of this famous poem.

And who is the poet ?

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ANSWER

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The woods are lovely, dark, and deep,

But I have promises to keep,

And miles to go before I sleep,

And miles to go before I sleep.

Robert Frost (18741963)

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Sumerian texts repeatedly refer to three important centers withwhich they traded:

Magan, Dilmun, and X .

Maganis usually identified with Oman.

Di lmunwas a trade distribution center for goods originating thatmight be in islands of Bahrain, Eastern Province (Saudi Arabia),Oman, or the Iranian coast in the Persian Gulf.

The location ofX however, is hotly debated. There are scholars today who confidently identify X with theY on the

basis of the extensive evidence of trading contacts between Sumerand this region.

Sesame oil was probably imported from the valley in whichY islocated into Sumer: the Sumerian word for this oil is illu. In Dravidian languages of South India el or ellu stands for sesame.

Id X and Y.

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Clue

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This is the first novel of the Shiva trilogy series by ____.

The story is set in the land ofX and begins with the arrival of theTibetan tribal Shiva.

The X believe that Shiva is their fabled saviour Neelkanth.This isconfirmed when he consumes the Somras,which turns his

throat blue.

Shiva decides to help the X in their war against the Chandravanshis,who had joined forces with a cursed group called Nagas.

However, in his journey and the resulting fight that ensues, Shivalearns how his choices actually reflected who he aspires to be andhow it led to dire consequences.

(see pic)

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ANSWER

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X - Meluhha

Y - Harappan Civilization in the IndusValley.

Book cover is that of "The Immortals ofMeluhaby Amish Tripathi.

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4 slides of a tourist location at the edge of

the Sariska Tiger Reserve.

Id the spot.

What is its major claim to fame ?

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SomeshwarTemple

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SomeshwarTemple

Gopinath Temple

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Gopinath Temple

X Fort

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X Fort

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Clue

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"Omnem dimittite spem, o vos intrantes".or :"Omnes relinquite spes, o vos intrantes".

Translated means

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"Abandon al l hope, ye who enter here"

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ANSWER

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Bhangarh

Most haunted village in India (by most accounts)

Entry to Bhangarh is legally prohibited between sunset and sunrise. A signboard posted by ASI (Archaeological Survey of India),

specifies the instructions. While the board is written in Hindi, theinstructions on it roughly translate into: "Entering the borders ofBhangarh before sunrise and after sunset is strictly prohibited. Legal

action would be taken against anybody who does not follow theseinstructions."

"Abandon all hope, ye who enter here"

Quote is from Dante's Inferno - this passage is upon the gates of hell!

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Bhangarh

Most haunted village in India (by most accounts)

Entry to Bhangarh is legally prohibited between sunset and sunrise. A signboard posted by ASI (Archaeological Survey of India),

specifies the instructions. While the board is written in Hindi, theinstructions on it roughly translate into: "Entering the borders ofBhangarh before sunrise and after sunset is strictly prohibited. Legal

action would be taken against anybody who does not follow theseinstructions."

"Abandon all hope, ye who enter here"

Quote is from Dante's Inferno - this passage is upon the gates of hell!

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Located on the outskirts of Ajmer, Rajasthan,thisremarkable structure is an exquisite example ofearly Indo-Islamic architecture.

The mosque is believed to have been built in acertain time period which is how it derives its

name.

According to another story the name is derived

from a fair held here every year.

Name ? (see 2 pics) clue ?

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In the 12th century this monument prior to being

a mosque was a flourishing Sanskrit college.

Legend has it that Mohammad Ghori, destroyed

it to construct a mosque in its place. As it was ahurried construction, many remains of nearbytemples were used for building the monument.

It is said that at least 30 pillars must have beenused from other temples to build the elegantpiece of architecture.

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ANSWER

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Connect all slides/pics.

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ANSWER

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First slide

Pics ofAgrasen k i bow l i,a stepped well just off of Connaught Place,NewDelhi.

Its a 14th Century marvel said to have been built during the Mahabharatera, this place used to serve as a destination for people to rest and

rejuvenate during summer. The baoli is flanked by chambers and passageways on both sides and once

acted as a reservoir for water.

Second slide :

Pic is ofMaharaja Agrasena who was a legendary Indian king of Agroha,a

city of traders, from whom the Agrawal and Agrahari community claimsdescent. He is credited with the establishment of a kingdom of traders in North India,

and is known for his compassion in refusing to slaughter animals in yajnas.

The surname Agrawal was derived by taking 'Agra' from Agrasena and 'wal'('wal'originally 'bal'from Baalak meaning child). thus means "child ofAgrasena".

Third slide :

Some famous Agarwals.

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R th fi t it i th ld t h

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Rome was the first city in the world to have apopulation of one million.

Which was the first city in Asia to have a

population of one million ?

(see pics on next slide)

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ANSWER

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Angkor Wat

Angkor Wat is the largest Hindu temple complex in the world. The temple was built by King Suryavarman II in the early 12th century in

Yasodharapura the capital of the Khmer Empire, as his state temple and eventual

mausoleum.

It has become a symbol of Cambodia,appearing on its national flag, and it is thecountry's prime attraction for visitors.

Angkor Wat, means "Temple City" in Khmer; Wat is the Khmer word for "templegrounds", derived from the Pali word "vatta" Prior to this time the temple was known

as Preah Pisnulok (Vara Vishnuloka in Sanskrit), after the posthumous title of itsfounder.

It is designed to represent Mount Meru, home of the devas in Hindu mythology:within a moat and an outer wall 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi) long are three rectangulargalleries, each raised above the next.

Mount Meru also called Sumeru i.e. the "Excellent Meru" and Mahameru i.e. "GreatMeru", is a sacred mountain in Hindu, Jain and Buddhist cosmology and isconsidered to be the center of all the physical, metaphysical and spiritual universes.

It is also the abode of Lord Brahma and the Demi-Gods (Dev).

I NE I di N f li b l i ll d

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In NE India,Neofelis nebulosa is called'Sebegyar' or "one who catches

monkeys". It preys on monkeys and snakes.

Its an endangered species found from theHimalayan foothills through mainlandSoutheast Asia into China.

What is its common name ? (see pics)

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ANSWER

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Neofelis = new cat nebuosa = cloud

The clouded leopard

So named due to the cloudy spots thatcover its coat.

When hunting they often spring to theground from tree overhangs.

Wh t 't i t tt ti ' d i d b Mi h l

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What 'tourist attraction',designed by MichelVirlogeux and Norman Foster,can one find

en route from Paris to Montpellier inFrance on the A75-A71 autoroute ?

It opened in Dec 2004.

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ANSWER

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The Millau Viaduct

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is a cable-stayed road-bridge that spans the valley of theriver Tarn near Millau in southern France.

It is the tallest bridge in the world with one mast's summitat 343.0 metres (1,125 ft) above the base of thestructure.

It is the 12th highest bridge deck in the world, being 270metres (890 ft) between the road deck and the groundbelow.

Problems with traffic on the route from Paris to Spainalong the stretch passing through the valley near thetown of Millau, especially during the summer when theroads became jammed with holiday traffic, necessitatedthe building of a bridge across the valley.

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X = Iguazu Falls

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Y = Niagara Falls

Iguazu Falls, Iguassu Falls or Iguau Falls are waterfallsof the Iguazu River on the border of Brazilian StateParan and Argentine Province Misiones.

The falls divide the river into the upper and lower Iguazu. The Iguazu River rises near the city of Curitiba. It flows through Brazil for most of its course.

Below its confluence with the San Antonio River, theIguazu River forms the boundary between Argentina andBrazil.

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To the nearest Rupee,what is currently

the price of a small size cup of Coca-cola (coke) at the Pizza Hut in the

Forum Mall in Koramangla?

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None. (googly!)

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None. (googly!)

You cant buy any Coca Cola products at aPizza Hut outlet since Pizza Hut is aPepsico company !

It was spun off into an independent unit in1997 and also owns KFC and Taco Bellall part of Pepsi Foods.

Based on Interbrand's best global brand 2011,Coca-Cola was the world's most valuable brand.

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ANSWER

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God does not think he is Larry

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God does not think he is Larry

Ellison.

Wilson, Mike (2003). The Difference

Between God and Larry Ellison: *God

Doesn't Think He's Larry Ellison.

This is the title of a book about LarryEllison which alludes that the CEO of

Oracle thinks he is God.

News clip from November 5, 1997

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As the head of the Oracle Software Corporation, Ellison keeps hisname firmly in the headlines: Recently he announced his desire tobuy Apple Computer (only to change his mind just weeks later) and

now he has a place on Apple's board, alongside his friend SteveJobs.

Equally bold are his visionary ideas (the network computer, forexample), his public determination to conquer Bill Gates, and hisbrash, yet immensely appealing personality, which has made him

one of the most visible players in Silicon Valley. One of the ways he's done this is by making sure that Oraclesoftware is everywhere you turn: If you withdraw cash from an ATM,that's Oracle at work.

If you make an airline reservation, you're experiencing Ellison'simpact on today's technology landscape.

While Microsoft was busy putting a computer in every home, Ellisonwas fomenting a revolution at the office, creating faster and betterdatabases for businesses and government agencies.

Along the way, as th is probing book show s, Ell ison developedthe ski l ls of a ruth less b usinessman, who sometimes employedm isdirect ion and half-truths to achieve the success he desired.

Sleep with the fishes ;

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Sleep with the fishes ;

hit the mattresses ;

make him an offer he cant resist

all often used phrases both in themovies and in the real world.

Made famous by which movie?

(clue ?)

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Also famously used by Tom Hanks in the

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y ymovie Youve got mail to explain human

male psychology to Meg Ryan.

ANSWER

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ANSWER

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The Godfather

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is a 1972 American crime film directed byFrancis Ford Coppola from a screenplay by

Mario Puzo and Coppola.

Based on Puzo's 1969 novel of the same name,

the film stars Marlon Brando and Al Pacino asthe leaders of a powerful New York crime family.The story, spanning the years 1945 to 1955,centers on the ascension of Michael Corleone

(Pacino) from reluctant family outsider toruthless Mafia boss while also chronicling theCorleone family under the patriarch VitoCorleone (Brando).

Crack this cryptic crossword clue:

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Crack this cryptic crossword clue:

A dual-degree can be a po isonouscombination (5)

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MAMBA (MA + MBA)

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The African Black Mamba is one of the worlds most poisonoussnakes.

The species in the genus Dendroaspis (literally "tree snake") arecollectively referred to as Mambas.

They are a group of highly venomous, fast-moving land-dwellingsnakes of Africa.

They belong to the family of Elapidae which includes cobras, coralsnakes, taipans, brown snakes, tiger snakes, death adders, kraitsand, debatably, sea snakes (although sea snakes are now classedas Hydrophiidae).

Mambas are feared throughout their ranges in Africa, especially theBlack mamba. In Africa, there are many legends and storiesdescribing these snakes.

The opening page of this book X by Al Ries and

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p g p g yJack Trout (Trout and Rice ) goes :

Dedicated to one of the greatest marketing

strategists the world has ever knownY.

Y was a Prussian soldier and military theorist

who stressed the psychological and politicalaspects of war.

His most notable work, Vom Kriege (On War),was unfinished at his death. (see pic)

X and Y ?

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ANSWER

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ANSWER

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X - Marketing Warfare

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Y - Karl Von Clausewitz

Al Ries is a marketing professional and author and co-founder andchairman of the consulting firm Ries & Ries with his partner anddaughter, Laura Ries.

Along with Jack Trout, Ries coined the term "positioning", as related

to the field of marketing, and authored Positioning:

The Battle For Your Mind, an industry standard on the subject.

Jack Trout is an owner of Trout & Partners, a consulting firm. He isone of the founders and pioneers of positioning theory, and also

marketing warfare theory.

Which fictional character takes his/her/its

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name from a generic terminology used

while shooting a movie.

Clue:

The movie clap that is used whileshooting.

ANSWER

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ANSWER

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R2D2 from Reel 2 Dialog 2.

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when Lucas was making one of his earlier films,American Graffiti, sound editor Walter Murchasked for Reel 2, Dialog Track 2, in theabbreviated form "R-2-D-2".

Lucas, who was in the room and had dozed offwhile working on the script for Star Wars,momentarily woke when he heard the requestand, after asking for clarification, stated that it

was a "great name" before falling immediatelyback to sleep.

John Forbes Nash Jr., American math geniuswas the subject of the award winning movie A

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was the subject of the award winning movie ABeautiful Mind based on the book by Sylvia

Nasar.

He was the co-recipient of the 1994 Nobel Prizein economics.

What was the pioneering work for which hereceived this award ?

Clue: It has its roots in the study of such well-known amusements as checkers, tick-tack-toe,and poker. (see pics)

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ANSWER

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ANSWER

Game Theory.

is a study of strategic decision making. More formally, it is "the studyf th ti l d l f fli t d ti b t

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of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation betweenintelligent rational decision-makers.

Game theory is mainly used in economics, political science, andpsychology, as well as logic and biology. The subject first addressed zero-sum games, such that one person's

gains exactly equal net losses of the other participant(s).

Today, however, game theory applies to a wide range of class

relations, and has developed into an umbrella term for the logicalside of science, to include both human and non-humans, likecomputers.

Classic uses include a sense of balance in numerous games, whereeach person has found or developed a tactic that cannot

successfully better his results, given the other approach.

Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics:thl t l t 2 22 (7 ft 3 1/4 i )

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an athlete leapt 2.22 m (7 ft 3 1/4 in) overthe bar in high jump.

This action won him the gold medal andhe set a new Olympic record.

Who?

Why is this event significant in thehistory of (and the furture of)

athletics ?

ANSWER

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ANSWER

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Dick Fosbury.

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The Fosbury flop.

The technique involved flinging his bodybackward over the bar with his back

arched, following with his legs and landingon his shoulders.

This technique,which he pioneered,waslater adopted by athletes the world over.

He was a Turkish ruler and conqueror and one of the greatestmilitary campaigners whose expeditions carried him from southernRussia to India from Central Asia to Turkey

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Russia to India,from Central Asia to Turkey.

At Isfahan,Iran, which had rebelled after surrendering in 1387, he

massacred 70,000 people and constructed towers of their skulls.

In 1398 at Delhi,India, he had 100,000 inhabitants slaughtered andrazed the city.

He was born near the city of Samarqand, in what is now Uzbekistan.

A physical deformity he suffered from was added to his name inPersian.

Who?

ANSWER

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ANSWER

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Timur Lang.

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Tamerlane

Tamburlaine

(1336-1405)

Which is the only Southeast Asian countryh b i d b

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never to have been occupied by anyEuropean or other foreign power, except inwar and whose official name means, in thelocal language,Land of the Free?

ANSWER

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ANSWER

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Thailand or Siam.

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Prathet Thai.

What 3 word phrase connects the following:

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a. Anthony Herman Gerard Fokker: aircraftdesigner and manufacturer, A pioneer in theconstruction of airplanes

b. An opera by Richard Wagner

c. The haunted figure of a nautical legend

concerning a ghost ship.

ANSWER

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ANSWER

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The Flying Dutchman

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Fokkers autobiography is titled TheFly ing Dutchman(1931).

Wagners opera is called Der

fl iegende Ho llnder (The Fly ing

Dutchman, 1843).

Jorn Utzon, Danish architect,is best

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known for designing this building

which is often referred to as a peeledOrange.

What building?

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Clue: Mission Impossible?

ANSWER

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ANSWER

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The Sydney Opera House

is a multi venue performing arts centre in Sydney

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is a multi-venue performing arts centre in Sydney,Australia.

It was conceived and largely built by Danish architectJrn Utzon, opening in 1973 after a long gestation thathad begun with his competition-winning design in 1957.

The government's bold decision to select Utzon's designis often overshadowed by the scandal that followed.

The Sydney Opera House was made a UNESCO World

Heritage Site in June 2007.It is one of the 20th century'smost distinctive buildings and one of the most famousperforming arts centres in the world.

Why was the year 2005 designated as the

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international year of Physics ?

(be as specific as possible)

Answer

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Answer

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It was the centennial (100 years) of four

revolutionary papers published by Albert

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revolutionary papers published by Albert

Einstein in 1905 while working as a clerk at

the patent office in Bern Switzerland.

1.Photoelectric effect ; light quantum

2.Brownian Motion 3.Special theory of relativity

4.Mass energy Equivalence

1922: 2 Men on a boat to New York.

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A:

B tried to explain his theories to me throughoutthe voyage. Even though I may not haveunderstood them, I am quite sure that B nowunderstands them completely.

B was offered the Presidency of Israel in 1948but courteously declined.

A went on to become the first President ofmodern Israel.

Identify A and B.

Answer

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A - Chaim Weizmann

B - Albert Einstein

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Chaim Azriel Weizmann, (1874 1952) was a Zionist

leader, President of the Zionist Organization, and thefirst President of the State of Israel.

He was elected on 1 February 1949, and served until hisdeath in 1952.

Weizmann was also a chemist who developed the ABE-process, which produces acetone through bacterialfermentation.

He founded the Weizmann Institute of Science in

Rehovot, Israel.

Which Igor Stravinsky work when firstperformed on stage in Paris in

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performed on stage in Paris in1908,almost caused a riot amongst the

audience for its depiction of Virginsacrifice, the avant-garde nature of themusic and choreography and other issues.

Who did the stage designs and

costumes for this performance ?

Answer

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The Rite Of Spring

Nikolai Roerich

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French title Le Sacre du Printemps (Russian: Vesna svyashchennaya)

is a ballet and orchestral concert work by the Russian composer IgorStravinsky.

It was written for the 1913 Paris season of Sergei Diaghilev's BalletsRusses company, with choreography by Vaslav Nijinsky and stage designsand costumes by Nikolai Roerich.

When the ballet was first performed, at the Thtre des Champs-lyses on29 May 1913, the avant-garde nature of the music

and choreography caused a near-riot in the audience.

Nevertheless, Stravinsky's music achieved rapid success as a concert pieceand became recognised as one of the most influential musical works of the20th century. It is very widely performed in the concert hall and is frequentlyrevived on the stage.

The movie Chi t ty Chi t ty Bang Bangwasbased on a book by this person.

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y p

He served as Moscow correspondent forthe Reuters news agency from 1929 to1933 and was then a banker andstockbroker in London until the outbreak ofWorld War II.

Who?

Answer

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Ian Fleming

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Give me X ,Y and connect this with the next slide.

X was an Allied plan during World War II, that monitored Spain after the

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X was an Allied plan during World War II, that monitored Spain after theSpanish Civil War.

The goal of the operation was to ensure that Britain would still be able tocommunicate with Gibraltar in the event Spain joined the Axis Powers.

Additionally, it was a plan for the defence of Gibraltar had the Germansinvaded through Spain.

Ultimately Francisco Franco, the dictator of Spain, declined to join the AxisPowers. Adolf Hitler refused to give Gibraltar and French North Africa toSpain.

The plan was developed byY of British Naval Intelligence. Fleming wassent to Gibraltar by Naval Intelligence to monitor military installations in theMediterranean.

While thereY was also tasked to liaise with William Joseph Donovan fromthe American Office of Strategic Services OSS.

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Answer

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X - Operation Golden Eye

Y I Fl i

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Y - Ian Fleming

Fleming later dubbed his Jamaican estate"Goldeneye", and began writing his series

of James Bond novels there. The namewas also used for the title of theseventeenth James Bond film, GoldenEye

starring Pierce Brosnan as Agent 007.

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Answer

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Ted or Theodore Kaczynski.

AKA the Unabomber.

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What does the map depict?

(be very specific)

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Answer

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Brown:

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Brown:

Guyana - English

Purple:

Surinam Dutch

Blue:

French Guyana -French

Official languages of SA countries.

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There are countries in South America, apart from

Brazil, where Spanish is not the official language.

Guyana - official language there is English.Hindi, Urdu, and Native American languages arealso spoken.Guyana was not settled by the Spanish andPortuguese. It was originally a Dutch colony that

came under British control in the early 18th century.

He took time off from his busy film careerto serve as mayor of Carmel ,California

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y ,(CA) (population 4800) for 2 years on apro-development platform in 1986.

In true filmy style,he stopped greedydevelopers from buying the 22 acreMission ranch by buying it himself for $5million.

Clue :

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he is now best known as a director butalso sometimes acts.

ANSWER

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Credit for its 'invention' goes to the Bridgeport,Connecticut Baker William Russell

whose last name gives us its

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___________ whose last name gives us itsname.

Invented in the 1870's ,it was not until Yalestudents in the 1940's re-discovered andpopularised it that it became universally known.

It was aggressively marketed under thetrademark toy of the Wham-O manufacturingcompany.

What ?

ANSWER

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Frisbee

The baker used to throw the tin plates

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The baker used to throw the tin plates

used in baking.

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ANSWER

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Veni, vidi, vici"

is a Latin sentence reportedly written by Julius Caesar in47 BC as a comment on his short war with Pharnaces II

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Cof Pontus in the city of Zela (currently known as Zile, in

Turkey). Veni, vidi, and vici are first person perfect forms of the

three Latin verbs venire, videre, and vincere.

The sentence appears in Plutarch andSuetonius.Plutarch reports that he "gave Amantius, afriend of his at Rome, an account of this action",whereasSuetonius says "In his Pontic triumph he displayedamong the show-pieces of the procession an inscription

of but three words, 'I came, I saw, I conquered;'

The Dutch called it disgusting bird ;

the Portugese simpleton ;

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its name being a British corruption of the originalPortugese word.

It also finds mention in Lewis Carrolls Alice in

Wonderland.

Within a 100 years after it was first discovered in1598, not a single one of its species was alive.

What ?

ANSWER

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This institute was founded in the US withfunds provided by an Englishman who hadnever visited the US for the establishment

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nevervisited the US for the establishment

of an institution for the "increase anddiffusion of knowledge among men.

A distinguished scientist he was theillegitimate son of the 1st duke ofNorthumberland.

What institute ?

ANSWER

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The Smithsonian. established 1846 "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge", is a group of

museums and research centers administered by the United Statesgovernment.

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Termed "the nation's attic" for its eclectic holdings of 137 million items,theInstitution's Washington, D.C. nucleus of nineteen museums, nine researchcenters, and zoomany of them historical or architectural landmarksisthe largest such complex in the world.

Additional facilities are located in Arizona, Maryland, New York City,Virginia, Panama and elsewhere, and 168 other museums are Smithsonianaffiliates.

The Institutions's thirty million annual visitors are admitted without charge;funding comes from the Institution's own endowment, private and corporatecontributions, membership dues, government support, and retail,concession and licensing revenues.Institution publications includeSmithsonian and Air & Space magazines.

James Smithson, FRS, M.A. (1765 1829) was a British chemist andmineralogist. He was the founding donor of the Smithsonian Institution.

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