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Iran: Public PolicyNATE GOODIN
PD 1
Welfare State
Lower-middle-income country with world’s seventeenth largest population
Total GDP: 458 Billion
GDP per capita: 7000
GDP annual growth rate (2003): 6.5%
GDP composition by sector, % of people working in sector (1999):
- Agriculture: 21%
- Industry: 23%
- Services: 48%
- Oil: 8%
GDP Pie Chart
Sales
Agriculture Industry Services Oil
Welfare State (Cont.)
Positive effects of 1979 Revolution on social prosperance
- Islamic republic made social welfare a high priority
- The expropriated assets of the former regime were transferred to new humanitarian foundations (Bonyads)
Bonyads
Charitable trusts that with significant role in non-petroleum economy
-Controls an estimated 20% of GDP
Mostazafan Foundation of Islamic Revolution
Bonyad Shahid va Omur-e Janbazan
HDI
-HDI is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income indices used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.
+Health care system still ranked 93 out 155 by the world health organization.
+Large subculture of drug users
+20,000 people living with Aids, with HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate at .1 %
HDI
Significant progress in providing citizens with long and healthy life, access to education, and a decent standard of living.
Between 1980 and 2012, Iran's life expectancy at birth increased by 22.1 years, mean years of schooling increased by 5.7 years, and expected years of schooling increased by 5.7 years.
Gross national income per capita also increased by about 48% between 1980 and 2012.
Civil Liberties
State of civil liberties in Iran has significantly deteriorated in the past four years
Government severely limits the civil rights of the Iranian people, including freedom of expression and freedom of association.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nifgnonH-BU
Gender
Iranian women have made significant gains in education since the 1979 revolution, now accounting for 60 percent of university entrants.
Still face major legal discrimination and an establishment that has no tolerance for women seeking greater rights.
Law deprives women of equal rights in marriage, divorce, child custody, inheritance, and other areas.
A woman’s testimony in court is officially worth half that of a man
Women need the permission of father or husband to travel.
Women can run for seats in the parliament and city councils, but they cannot stand as candidates for the presidency or the Assembly of Experts.
Environment
Iran’s growing environmental problems are challenging the stability of the country.
Iran now ranks 114 of 132 countries evaluated on 22 environmental indicators
Food security is now imperiled because agriculture accounts for more than 92 percent of the country’s water use but only produces about 66 percent of the food supplies for 79 million people.
Irrigation is also highly inefficient
Environment
Recently taken important steps in the right direction.
Subsidy reforms initiated in 2010 will gradually require consumers to absorb the actual costs of water supplies, enhancing the incentives to be efficient.
Revenues saved from cutting back energy subsidies are intended to support initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution.
Oil
In 1908, Iran was the first country in the Persian Gulf to discover oil.
Petroleum has been the primary industry in Iran since the 1920s
Economy is heavily dependent on the lucrative oil and gas sector
Subsidized prices and a population that has doubled since the 1979 revolution has created excessive demand
Anglo-Persian Oil Company
- First company to extract oil from Iran
Oil
The Iranian government’s dependence on oil revenues has resulted in prolonged patterns of rentierism—or dependence on a single natural resource—in its political economy
Misuse of oil revenues has also caused long term-economic problems
Nuclear attempts
Interest in nuclear technology dates to the 1950's, when the Shah of Iran began receiving assistance through the U.S. Atoms for Peace program
Signed the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons as a non-nuclear weapon state in 1968
Still has nuclear Ambitions
In the 1990's began pursuing an indigenous nuclear fuel cycle capability by developing a uranium mining infrastructure