Iraq: Strategies and Post War Relations Eric Haught, Daniel Vazquez, Brad Shambaugh, Steven Gower
Transcript
Slide 1
Slide 2
Iraq: Strategies and Post War Relations Eric Haught, Daniel
Vazquez, Brad Shambaugh, Steven Gower
Slide 3
IraqIraq The Republic of Iraq is a country located in Asia Lies
in both the Syrian Desert and Arabian Desert Borders Syria, Turkey,
Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia Capital City Located in
Baghdad The Republic of Iraq is a country located in Asia Lies in
both the Syrian Desert and Arabian Desert Borders Syria, Turkey,
Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia Capital City Located in
Baghdad
Slide 4
Iraqi History Iraq features two major rivers in the Middle East
The Tigris and Euphrates The region between these rivers is notable
Most scholars view this area as the cradle of civilization This
area was the birthplace of key cultures like the Sumerians, as well
important historic inventions Iraq features two major rivers in the
Middle East The Tigris and Euphrates The region between these
rivers is notable Most scholars view this area as the cradle of
civilization This area was the birthplace of key cultures like the
Sumerians, as well important historic inventions
Slide 5
Iran-Iraq War Saddam Hussein rose to power in 1979 Nearby
revolution of Ayotollah Ruholla Khomeini resulted in the formation
of theocracy in Iran. Iraqs regime declared war on Iran Saddam
Hussein rose to power in 1979 Nearby revolution of Ayotollah
Ruholla Khomeini resulted in the formation of theocracy in Iran.
Iraqs regime declared war on Iran
Slide 6
Gulf War Following disputes over drilling, Saddam Husseins
regime invaded Kuwait UN initiated economic sanctions against Iraq
The USA spearheaded a multinational coalition to repel Iraqi
presence in Kuwait Following disputes over drilling, Saddam
Husseins regime invaded Kuwait UN initiated economic sanctions
against Iraq The USA spearheaded a multinational coalition to repel
Iraqi presence in Kuwait
Slide 7
Build-up to the Invasion of Iraq President Bush first spoke
about plans for Iraq at the Atlantic Summit in 2003 A unified
nation Representative form of government Key resources Military
presence President Bush first spoke about plans for Iraq at the
Atlantic Summit in 2003 A unified nation Representative form of
government Key resources Military presence
Slide 8
Plans for Possible Reconstruction The Department of State
developed initial reconstruction plans for post-war Iraq Planning
oversight was shifted from the Department of State to the
Department of Defense Lieutenant General Jay M. Garner There was a
disagreement between DOS and DOD about the smoothness of Iraqi
regime change The Department of State developed initial
reconstruction plans for post-war Iraq Planning oversight was
shifted from the Department of State to the Department of Defense
Lieutenant General Jay M. Garner There was a disagreement between
DOS and DOD about the smoothness of Iraqi regime change
Slide 9
Time Line of Iraq War to Post-War MARCH 19, 2003: Bush launches
invasion of Iraq JULY 22, 2003: Saddams sons, Uday and Qusay, are
killed in a U.S. raid in Mosul DECEMBER 14, 2003: Saddam is
captured------- Ladies and gentlemen. We got him! JANUARY 17, 2004:
500 U.S. soldiers dead in Iraq since the invasion APRIL 28, 2004:
Images of torture at Abu Ghraib are revealed MARCH 19, 2003: Bush
launches invasion of Iraq JULY 22, 2003: Saddams sons, Uday and
Qusay, are killed in a U.S. raid in Mosul DECEMBER 14, 2003: Saddam
is captured------- Ladies and gentlemen. We got him! JANUARY 17,
2004: 500 U.S. soldiers dead in Iraq since the invasion APRIL 28,
2004: Images of torture at Abu Ghraib are revealed
Slide 10
Time Line of Iraq War to Post- War JANUARY 12, 2005: WMD search
in Iraq is declared over JUNE 8, 2006: Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the
leader of al-Qaida in Iraq, is killed during a U.S. air raid JUNE
15, 2006: Number of U.S. troops killed in Iraq reaches 2,500
NOVEMBER 5, 2006: Saddam sentenced to death by hanging. -----------
Iraqs High Tribunal on Sunday found Saddam Hussein guilty of crimes
against humanity and sentenced him to hang for the 1982 killing of
148 Shiites in the city of Dujail. NOVEMBER 8, 2006: Donald
Rumsfeld resigns as Secretary of Defense. One day after the midterm
elections that turned control of Congress over to the Democrats,
Bush announced Rumsfeld would step down and be replaced by former
CIA Director Robert Gates. DECEMBER 30, 2006: Saddam executed by
hanging. The execution was conducted just before the Sunni Muslim
celebration of Eid al-Adha. It was a slap in the face to Sunni
Arabs. JANUARY 12, 2005: WMD search in Iraq is declared over JUNE
8, 2006: Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the leader of al-Qaida in Iraq, is
killed during a U.S. air raid JUNE 15, 2006: Number of U.S. troops
killed in Iraq reaches 2,500 NOVEMBER 5, 2006: Saddam sentenced to
death by hanging. ----------- Iraqs High Tribunal on Sunday found
Saddam Hussein guilty of crimes against humanity and sentenced him
to hang for the 1982 killing of 148 Shiites in the city of Dujail.
NOVEMBER 8, 2006: Donald Rumsfeld resigns as Secretary of Defense.
One day after the midterm elections that turned control of Congress
over to the Democrats, Bush announced Rumsfeld would step down and
be replaced by former CIA Director Robert Gates. DECEMBER 30, 2006:
Saddam executed by hanging. The execution was conducted just before
the Sunni Muslim celebration of Eid al-Adha. It was a slap in the
face to Sunni Arabs.
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Time Line of Iraq War to Post- War APRIL 9, 2007: Tens of
thousands of Iraqis gather to protest U.S. presence in Iraq on the
fourth anniversary of the fall of Baghdad. Up to one million Iraqi
Shias summoned by Moqtada al-Sadr have gathered in the holy city of
Najaf for a mass demonstration calling for US-led troops to leave
Iraq. JUNE 7, 2007: 3,500: ABC World News host Charles Gibson takes
a moment to note a sad milestone in Iraq, as the announcement of 6
more U.S. casualties in Iraq, ratcheted the total toll of the war
to 3,500 troops who have died in Iraq since the war began. In late
February 2009, newly elected U.S. President Barack Obama announced
an 18-month withdrawal window for combat forces, with approximately
50,000 troops remaining in the country "to advise and train Iraqi
security forces and to provide intelligence and surveillance."
October 21, 2011, President Obama announced that all U.S. troops
and trainers would leave Iraq by the end of the year, bringing the
U.S. mission in Iraq to an end. On December 15, 2011, U.S. Defense
Secretary Leon Panetta officially declared the Iraq War over, at a
flag lowering ceremony in Baghdad. APRIL 9, 2007: Tens of thousands
of Iraqis gather to protest U.S. presence in Iraq on the fourth
anniversary of the fall of Baghdad. Up to one million Iraqi Shias
summoned by Moqtada al-Sadr have gathered in the holy city of Najaf
for a mass demonstration calling for US-led troops to leave Iraq.
JUNE 7, 2007: 3,500: ABC World News host Charles Gibson takes a
moment to note a sad milestone in Iraq, as the announcement of 6
more U.S. casualties in Iraq, ratcheted the total toll of the war
to 3,500 troops who have died in Iraq since the war began. In late
February 2009, newly elected U.S. President Barack Obama announced
an 18-month withdrawal window for combat forces, with approximately
50,000 troops remaining in the country "to advise and train Iraqi
security forces and to provide intelligence and surveillance."
October 21, 2011, President Obama announced that all U.S. troops
and trainers would leave Iraq by the end of the year, bringing the
U.S. mission in Iraq to an end. On December 15, 2011, U.S. Defense
Secretary Leon Panetta officially declared the Iraq War over, at a
flag lowering ceremony in Baghdad.
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Time Line of Iraq War to Post- War After the War/Withdrawal
Major criticisms that arose at the end of the war include: Total
Human casualties/Lack of humanitarianism Insufficient post-invasion
plans Financial Costs After the War/Withdrawal Major criticisms
that arose at the end of the war include: Total Human
casualties/Lack of humanitarianism Insufficient post-invasion plans
Financial Costs
Slide 13
Time Line of Iraq War to Post- War After the War/Withdrawal
Lack of Humanitarianism: Malnutrition rates had risen from 19% to
as much as 28% by the first four years after the war began. About
70% of Iraqis have no way of receiving safe drinking water. No real
number on number of civilian casualties, though estimates put the
toll roughly between 66,000- 115,000. After the War/Withdrawal Lack
of Humanitarianism: Malnutrition rates had risen from 19% to as
much as 28% by the first four years after the war began. About 70%
of Iraqis have no way of receiving safe drinking water. No real
number on number of civilian casualties, though estimates put the
toll roughly between 66,000- 115,000.
Slide 14
Troop Withdrawal February 27, 2009 -President Obama vows end of
combat operations by August 31, 2010. September 1, 2010 -Mission
changed from Operation Iraqi Freedom to Operation New Dawn.
December 18, 2011 -Last troop leaves Iraq February 27, 2009
-President Obama vows end of combat operations by August 31, 2010.
September 1, 2010 -Mission changed from Operation Iraqi Freedom to
Operation New Dawn. December 18, 2011 -Last troop leaves Iraq
Slide 15
Factions Within Iraq Many factions in Iraq still seek to force
their will onto the new Iraqi government and others continue the
insurgency. Impossible to satisfy every group of people. With the
absence of US troops, many fear the civil war will intensify. Many
factions in Iraq still seek to force their will onto the new Iraqi
government and others continue the insurgency. Impossible to
satisfy every group of people. With the absence of US troops, many
fear the civil war will intensify.
Slide 16
Baath Party of Iraq Banned from government, public schools, and
universities by Coalition Provisional Authority in June 2003. Iraq
reaffirms ban with the creation of their Constitution in 2005. In
2008 up to 35 officials of Interior Ministry are arrest for working
with the Baath Party. Still maintains role in the insurgency.
Banned from government, public schools, and universities by
Coalition Provisional Authority in June 2003. Iraq reaffirms ban
with the creation of their Constitution in 2005. In 2008 up to 35
officials of Interior Ministry are arrest for working with the
Baath Party. Still maintains role in the insurgency.
Slide 17
al-Qaeda in Iraq Led by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi (KIA) at its
height. Main target during the Marines Second Battle of Fallujah.
Large attacks on government buildings since 2009, when US troops
started to pull out of major cities. Accused by GEN Odierno of
undermining and sabotaging elections. Strength is diminishing, 80%
of leaders have been killed; uses mass violence to incite sectarian
violence Led by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi (KIA) at its height. Main
target during the Marines Second Battle of Fallujah. Large attacks
on government buildings since 2009, when US troops started to pull
out of major cities. Accused by GEN Odierno of undermining and
sabotaging elections. Strength is diminishing, 80% of leaders have
been killed; uses mass violence to incite sectarian violence
Slide 18
Mahdi Army/Promised Day Brigade Led by Muqtada al-Sadr. The
Mahdi Army battled with coalition forces on a large scale until
2006, since has formed with Promised Day Brigade. Believed they are
receiving support from Iran. al-Sadr is still largely involved with
the government though he holds no official title. Led by Muqtada
al-Sadr. The Mahdi Army battled with coalition forces on a large
scale until 2006, since has formed with Promised Day Brigade.
Believed they are receiving support from Iran. al-Sadr is still
largely involved with the government though he holds no official
title.
Slide 19
President Obamas Withdrawal and Post-War Relations Today, I can
report that, as promised, the rest of our troops in Iraq will come
home by the end of the year. After nearly nine years, Americas war
in Iraq will be over. -President Barack Obama October 21, 2011
Slide 20
Islamic Army in Iraq (IAI) Ex-Baathists loyal to Saddam
Hussein, formed to fight coalition forces in 2003. Main goal is to
drive out American troops in the form of violence. Carried out
armed conflict against al-Qaeda of Iraq in early 2007. Refused to
sign al-Qaeda led Islamic State of Iraq. Several reports of joining
with US forces to combat al- Qaeda. Opposes Iranian involvement in
Iraq. "There are two occupations in Iraq. Iran on one side through
the militias which they control and through direct involvement with
the national guard and the intelligence services, that causes the
killing and destruction of the Sunnis... And then there is the
American occupation which destroys the Iraqi people." Ex-Baathists
loyal to Saddam Hussein, formed to fight coalition forces in 2003.
Main goal is to drive out American troops in the form of violence.
Carried out armed conflict against al-Qaeda of Iraq in early 2007.
Refused to sign al-Qaeda led Islamic State of Iraq. Several reports
of joining with US forces to combat al- Qaeda. Opposes Iranian
involvement in Iraq. "There are two occupations in Iraq. Iran on
one side through the militias which they control and through direct
involvement with the national guard and the intelligence services,
that causes the killing and destruction of the Sunnis... And then
there is the American occupation which destroys the Iraqi
people."
Slide 21
KurdsKurds Located dominantly in northern Iraq. Continually
persecuted under Saddam Husseins regime. (Chemical attacks in 1983)
Iraqi Constitution states Iraqi Kurdistan as a federal entity of
Iraq. Fought against the Iraqi government during 2003 invasion.
Reluctant to send troops anywhere outside of Kurdistan. Located
dominantly in northern Iraq. Continually persecuted under Saddam
Husseins regime. (Chemical attacks in 1983) Iraqi Constitution
states Iraqi Kurdistan as a federal entity of Iraq. Fought against
the Iraqi government during 2003 invasion. Reluctant to send troops
anywhere outside of Kurdistan.
Slide 22
Iranian Involvement Economic Iran exports topped $1.8 billion
to Iraq in 2006. Religious 1/3 of the 2,000 religious scholars Iran
has sent to Iraq belong to the Iranian intelligence. Military
Suspected of providing EFPs and other weapons to insurgency groups
in Iraq. Supports, trains, and finances militia groups inside Iraq.
As many as 30,000 Iranian operatives in Iraq. Economic Iran exports
topped $1.8 billion to Iraq in 2006. Religious 1/3 of the 2,000
religious scholars Iran has sent to Iraq belong to the Iranian
intelligence. Military Suspected of providing EFPs and other
weapons to insurgency groups in Iraq. Supports, trains, and
finances militia groups inside Iraq. As many as 30,000 Iranian
operatives in Iraq.
Slide 23
Key Actors U.S. President Barack Obama Iraqi Prime Minister
Nouri al-Maliki US Military, Navy. Secretary of State Hillary
Clinton Key Actors U.S. President Barack Obama Iraqi Prime Minister
Nouri al-Maliki US Military, Navy. Secretary of State Hillary
Clinton
Slide 24
Why Is It Important? Proximity to Iran Money Americans have
spent need to lead to success Learning from our mistakes in make
sure out intelligence is 100% correct before invading another
country. Making sure a stable relationship continues post war.
Proximity to Iran Money Americans have spent need to lead to
success Learning from our mistakes in make sure out intelligence is
100% correct before invading another country. Making sure a stable
relationship continues post war.