349MANCHESTER.—SCOTLAND.—IRELAND.

as bank holidays would obviate much of the disorganisationwhich now exists.

1’lae Hospital Saturday P’Imd.Already the administrators of this fund have begun to

make arrangements and anticipate the wants of the comingyear 1896. A steady increase of the amount asked for yearby year has taken place, and now a penny a week from theworkmen of numberless establishments is sought for. Inview of all the advantages offered by the Hospital SaturdayFund-admission to the convalescent homes, nurses in case ofsickness at home, and surgical appliances and instruments-this cannot be considered too much to ask for. Nor does thisrefer to the contributions of women or boys employed at thevarious workshops and manufactories. The amount of<E13,500 is put down as the requirements of the succeedingyear, and active efforts will be made to obtain it.Aug. 6th.

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MANCHESTER.(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

Ilrtcoats Hospital.THE annual meeting was held on Wednesday last, Sir

W. H. Houldsworth, M.P., occupying the chair. Foundedin 1828, and containing something over 100 beds, it has donemuch good work in a poor neighbourhood. But the report,as is too often the case, speaks of increasing work with anincreasing adverse balance at the bank. The total receiptsfor the year were C4174 19s. 2d. The expenditure was.B5347 Is. lld., leaving a deficit of .61172 2s. 9d. Duringthe past two years the adverse balance had increased by.B26216s.4d. The medical report showed increasing demandson the out-patient department. Sir W. Houldsworth men-tioned that a legacy of .E600 had been left to the hospital bythe widow of the late Bishop Fraser. He said hebelieved more hospital accommodation would have tobe provided in Manchester, and "he was convincedthat the future solution of the question wouldnot be the extension of any one hospital, but itwould be the establishment of local hospitals in variousparts of the city close to the people who required them."This opens such questions as the increased cost of adminis-tration, with a falling-off in funds, and the provision ofskilled physicians and surgeons, and the further question oftheir position and status. Are they to be what is called

"pure" physicians and "pure" surgeons, and, if so, are theyto live on their professional incomes, or will the staffs beformed from the neighbouring general practitioners ? 7

JJIancltester Grarmnar School.This ancient school had its speech-day on the 31st ult. in

the Free Trade Hall. Mr. King, the high master, presided.He said that Sir Frank Lockwood, the chief name on theirlist of honours for this year, had promised to attendand give an address, but was unable to do so. Therewas a long list of old pupils who had achieved dis-tinction, and the honour list showed that the schoolhad this year obtained eight open and three close scholar-ships at Oxford and Cambridge. "The honours won

by former scholars of the school afforded fresh evidence,if evidence were needed, that from an industrial centrelike Manchester they could send some to tread the paths ofliterature and scholarship. E. T. Whittaker had won theSheepshanks Astronomical Exhibition at Cambridge, and hadalso been bracketed second in the mathematical tripos. Thiswas the third time in the last five years that the SecondWrangler had been an old Mancunian ...... No fewer thanten scholarships at Owens College had been won by grammar-school boys." In addition to these, five science, six com-mercial, and three art scholarships and exhibitions offeredby the Lancashire County Council and the Manchester Cor-poration had been won by grammar-school boys.

31-agic7tester llTuse2cm, Owens Oollege.Some short time since the Museum Committee memorialisecl

the Corporation for aid in its maintenance, there being anannual deficit of .E1200. The Museum was visited on

May 2nd by the Free Libraries Committee, and they weremuch impressed with its admirable arrangement and greatvalue as an educational agent. The committee considersthis claim reasonable, but as the Museum is open to, andused by, many who are neither residents nor rate-

payers of Manchester, it thinks it may be expedient for

the Museum authorities to invite the co-operation of other

neighbouring corporations and county and district councils.The committee recommend a grant of 400 a year to bemade out of the public libraries rate, on condition that &pound; 800a year be obtained from the Lancashire and Cheshire

County Councils and from local district councils. The

report of the committee is to be considered at the CityCouncil to-morrow, where it is to be hoped the memorial willbe favourably considered.

C7aiZcZ Pa1lpe?’S and Potato-pie.This subject still affords matter for discussion among

the Salford guardians, one of whom at their last meetingreported a diminution in the thickness of the crust from 3 in.to 4 in. to three-quarters of an inch, "which was a greatimprovement." Though fit for children aged from nine tofifteen, he agreed with the medical officer that it was unfitfor those aged from three to five. The chairman thoughtpaste three-quarters of an inch thick was not fit for youngchildren, with which opinion most of us would agree. Itwas not stated that they were to have some other delicacyinstead of it. The medical officer is said to be dissatisfiedstill with the pastry, which he may well be, if it is to be thefood of children aged from three to five.Aug. 7th.

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SCOTLAND.

I (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

- SA University Graduation Ceremonial.THE graduation ceremonial in medicine at Edinburgh took

place last week. The degree of Doctor of Laws was con-ferred upon two medical men. One of these was Dr. ThomasEdmonstone Charles of Rome; the other Dr. S. Weir-Mitchell of Philadelphia. Both these gentlemen were pre-sented in appropriate speeches to the Vice-Chancellor bySir Ludovic Grant, who pointed out that they might serveas a bright example and encouragement to those who werereceiving degrees that day at the termination of a suc-

cessful student career. Thereafter a large number ofDoctors of Medicine and Bachelors of Medicine were intro-duced and officially capped. Professor Greenfield deliveredthe address to the graduates, congratulating them upontheir achievements and urging upon them to do their utmostto promote the renown and success of the University and toincrease its material prosperity. He alluded to the fact thatin spite of the noble buildings the part devoted to pathologyhad not been completed and was devoid of the accommoda-tion and appliances essential to the most important part ofpathological research. From this the lecturer turned tomatters affecting the graduates themselves, and concludedby an eloquent exposition of the proper relations that shouldexist between a medical man and his patients.

-zvetv Hospital Site fom -EcZigibitry7t.The Leith Corporation have had a request from the Edin-

burgh authorities for ground on which it is proposed to erecta temporary hospital in room of the hospital which is to beremoved from the Queen’s Park. Some technical difficultyregarding the ownership of the land having arisen the Leithauthorities have decided to delay consideration of it.

The School of -31-edicine of the Edinbzr7a Royal Colleges.As was mentioned in THE LANCET some weeks ago a

scheme was on foot to more closely affiliate the extra-muralmedical school in Edinburgh to the Royal Colleges. This, itis understood, has now passed its final stage and beenaccepted by the colleges. The governing body is to consistof fifteen members, five of whom are elected by the RoyalCollege of Physicians, the Royal College of Surgeons, and theAssociation of Lecturers respectively. It is to exercise super-vising and disciplinary functions. The school is to be calledthe Medical School of the Royal Colleges.Aug. 6th.

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IRELAND.(FROM OUR OWN CORRE8POND:WN’l’8.)

Bl’utal Otitrage in Belfast.A BRUTAL case, such as rarely occurs in Ireland, has

occasioned a good deal of comment in Belfast. It seemsthat on Saturday, July 20th, a woman was found lying in afield on the Shore-road ; she was thought to be the worse for

350 IRELAND.-ROME.

drink and was taken to the police-office where she was keptfor eleven hours in the cells and was then seen by one of thepolice surgeons who sent her on an outside car to the Unioninfirmary. She was at this time very weak and almost sense-less, and died on the evening of the day she was removed tothe infirmary. It was found after death that she hadreceived several wounds of the vagina, inflicted apparentlyby some instrument, and this had occasioned externalbleeding and extensive subperitoneal haemorrhage, so thatshe died from shock and haemorrhage the result ofbrutal violence. The coroner at the inquest havingcommented on the case, the jury returned a verdictthat she had died from shock and haemorrhage theresult of injuries to the genital organs forcibly caused bysome persons or person unknown, and they strongly recom-mended to the responsible authorities (1) that a femaleattendant should be placed in the police cells ; (2) that aproper room should be provided for prisoners in a sick or weakcondition ; (3) that the cells should be properly con-

structed ; (4) that means should be provided for conveyingsick prisoners to the hospital other than by an outside

car ; also that the police did everything possible for thedeceased woman while under their charge ; and that thecoroner be requested to bring the foregoing recommenda-tions under the notice of the Police authorities. No personhas, up to the present, been arrested as the perpetrator ofthis abominable crime.

High Deat7t-rate in Belfast.At a meeting of the Belfast City Corporation, held on

Aug. 1st, the report presented by the medical officer of healthshowed that the health of the city of Belfast was in a mostunsatisfactory state, the death-rate for the four weeks

ending July 20th being 28’2, while in the corresponding weekof last year it was only 20’7. The deaths from all causesare very much in excess of what they should be at this seasonof the year. The deaths from zymotic diseases are 50 per cent.more, and those from chest affections 30 per cent. more thanin the corresponding period of last year. The deaths fromtyphoid fever and diarrhoea and the infantile mortality haveall increased. Various reasons may be assigned for the presentvery high death-rate (greater than Dublin, city, Cork,Limerick, or Londonderry), such as the late wet and change-able weather; but it is quite evident that there must be someserious defective sanitary conditions in the city of Belfast toaccount for such an abnormally high death-rate. How is itthat the death-rate of London keeps so low, and as years gopast is actually getting lower ? The present high death-rateof Belfast demands the most serious attention.

Improvcnacnts at the Belfast Royal Hospital.At a special meeting of the Corporation of the Belfast

Royal Hospital, held on Aug. 5th, it was decided to makesome very necessary improvements, which will cost probablyabout f,1500. It is contemplated first, to add to the presentsanitary block so as to provide space for additional baths.These would add greatly to the comfort of the patients as,at. present, their only baths are situated on the ground11oor. The next improvement was the enlargement and

rearrangement of the present theatre, and the addition to itof an adjoining room. For some time the staff have feltthemselves very much hampered, particularly during the timestudents are attending, by the small size of the operatingtheatre. In addition to its proposed extension it is to be

thoroughly refurnished with every appliance which can

render it aseptic and in accordance with those rigid require-ments now demanded by modern surgery. Instead of the pre-sent isolation wards it is proposed to erect a long range ofone-storied buildings, with a large ward for males and one forfemales, the kitchen, sculleries, and pantries being in thecentre, and at one end a mortuary, post-mortem room, andother required conveniences.

The Belfast Dispens2r,y Committee.At the monthly meeting of this committee, held on

Aug. 5th, Mr. Isaac Dundee was unanimously appointedmedical officer of Carnmoney dispensary district in place ofMr. J. Dundee (resigned).

Queen’s Colle,qe, Belfast.The following is the list of prizemen at the close of the

summer session:&mdash;Botany: senior, W. A. Price; junior, JohnAdams, William M. Hunter, and Marriott R. Rowan, B.A.,Practical Chemistry: Isabel Addey Tate and William R.

Beatty (equal), Arthur B. M’Master, and Galbraith H. Grills.Medical Jurisprudence : William J. Cousins. Systematic

Pathology: David Fleck. Practical Pharmacy: James E.Whyte.

27ic Bczttle oj the Clubs at Cork.One of the local newspapers that had persistently sup.

ported the clubs in opposition to the demands of the Corkprofession published a very ominous leading article lastThursday. It stated that as a vacancy for a medicalofficer had occurred owing to the death of Dr. O’Sullivan,the opportunity ought to be availed of by the clubs to seewhether they could not come to terms with the profession,and a hope was expressed that the doctors would fairly meetthe advances of the clubs. An admission was alsomade that the refusal of the Cork doctors to meetthe imported medical men in consultation had proved veryinconvenient in club circles. I can only say that all alongthe Cork profession simply demanded that persons requiringmedical services who were in a position to pay should payaccording to their means, and any proposal from the clubsbased on that principle will receive every consideration.

Accusations against Uraior2 Infirmaries.A shocking state of affairs was revealed at the last meeting

of the Nenagh guardians. One of the guardians (Mr. O’Brien)stated, ’’I knew a respectable man to die at 9 o’clock at

night on the infirmary floor and remain there till morning.That was not the only case of the kind. Another man felldown stairs and broke his neck. It is horrible to think ofthe treatment to which the infirmary patients have beensubjected." The medical officer (Dr. Minnitt) endorsed thatstatement by saying patients have been repeatedly picked upoff the floors dead or dying." He added that he reported thefact, but no attention had been paid to his report. Thosestatements seemed to come by surprise on the guardians, andmore than one stated that they had not previously been madeaware of such a sad condition of affairs. As a result of thediscussion it was decided to appoint paid nurses.

ROME.(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

Italy and the British Medical Association.FOR the moment Italian medicine finds its centre of

gravity on the banks of the Thames, so full are her journals,professional and lay, of the cordial reception vouchsafedher representatives there, and more particularly of the

impression created by Dr. Maragliano’s paper, " Sulla Curadella Tubercolosi Col Siero Anti-tubercolare." From hischair of Clinical Medicine in the University of Genoa, andstill more from his post of "privat-docent in General Patho-logy and Therapeutics with official bearing on Maladies ofthe Organs of Respiration," Dr. Maragliano has for sometime set forth his views on the serotherapy of tubercu-losis to an ever-widening circle of adherents both within andbeyond the Genoese school. He has even had to appeal tothe lay press to be relieved of the incessant requests forsupplies of his serum on the part of votaries eager to put itin practice in the localities they belong to. But not till thelst inst., when his paper was read at the Association meeting,has he developed his positions so broadly, so deeply, andwith so determinate a bearing on cure. To his compatriotsthese positions are now for the first time accessible in theform finally conceived and- set forth by their author, andwhile, in summarised fashion, they have been read withavidity in the lay journals enterprising enough to havethem specially " wired from London, they are to-daybeing mastered throughout the length and breadth of medicalItaly, as given in the advanced proofs with which the RiformaMedica of Naples and some of the non-professional organshave been privileged. Italians I have always found ex-tremely gratified by British appreciation, and when from themarked respect with which Professor Maragliano’s paperwas received they proceed to take note of the hearty"fratellanza" " with which their compatriots, Dr. AngeloMosso of Turin, or Dr. Salvatore Otolenglis of Siena (forinstance), were welcomed, they recall the not less friendlyreception accorded at past Association meetings to theirlamented Pacchiotti and their happily still active ProfessorCelli of Rome, and are grateful for England’s generousrequital of the hospitality shown her sons at Padua and

Bologna in years when Italy led the van of medicine intheory and practice.