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Irish Independence
Background
• 1800 – the Irish Parliament was abolished
• 1858 – IRB was founded
• 1914 – Ireland was supposed to get the Home Rule
• Ireland should be completely independent
The Easter Rising• 24.4.1916.• organised by IRB and Irish
Volunteers• occupied key locations in Dublin • Patrick Pearse proclaimed the
Irish Republic• the British army suppressed the
Rising and executed the organisers
• 318 civilians, 60 rebels and 130 English died
Sinn Féin
• political party founded in 1905• the British blamed it for the Rising• became even more popular after the
Rising• Éamon de Valera become became head
The British attitudes
• PM David Lloyd George• Carrot and stick approach
– Opened discussions for Irish independence– Banned republican literature and arrested Griffith and
de Valera• Irishmen were pressured into fighting for the
British army in WW1• Many violent protests
The Irish War of Independence (1919 – 1921)
• the 1918 General Election• Éamon De Valera and Michael Collins• The First Dáil – the parliament of the Irish
Republic• the British said the Dáil was illegal as well
as Sinn Féin and IRA
http://www.irishfreedom.net/Historic%20documents/Historic%20Documents%20and%20Speeches/Irish%20Declaration%20of%20Independence%201919.htm
Bloody Sunday
• 21.11.1920.• the day before – 12 British spies were
murdered • Croke Park• the British forces entered the stadium and
started shooting • 14 civilians diedhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOiQRkK1tyg
Truce
• 11.6.1921.
• the IRA knew that they couldn’t fight against the English
• war was too expensive for the English
Anglo-Irish Treaty
• October 1921• Michael Collins, Robert Barton and Arthur
Griffith• Winston Churchill, David Lloyd George
and Austin Chamberlain• Irish demands:
• A totally independent Irish Republic• An end to the partition of Ireland
• Partial independence for the 26 counties
• Signing of the Treaty (6 December 1921)
• The Dáil had to vote on the Treaty
• “I tell you, I have signed my death warrant”
• It was ratified with a small majority in Dáil
http://go.hrw.com/hrw.nd/gohrw_rls1/pKeywordResults?keyword=st9%20irish%20nationalism
The Irish Civil War
• pro-Treaty forces (Collins)• anti-Treaty forces (De Valera)• guerilla war• 22.8.1922. the death of Michael Collins• the elections in August 1923 – pro-Treaty
party won
Independence
• Fianna Fáil vs. Cosgrave’s party• IRA’s intimidation techniques• 1937 – constitution of Éire• the problem of the Northern Ireland• 1948 – left the Commonwealth
Ireland nowadays
• problems with the Ulster loyalists
• RIRA
• generally positive outlooks about the British
• looking towards the future
Links:• http://www.irishhistorylinks.net/History_Links/War_Of_In
dependence.html• http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/michael_collins.htm• http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/collins_mich
ael.shtml• http://www.generalmichaelcollins.com/life-times/1921-tru
ce-and-treaty-negotiations/irish-civil-war/• http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/easterrising/aftermat
h/af04.shtml• http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/irish-free-state-
declared• http://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/dec/20/republic-
fight-irish-independence-townshend-review