‘Irrigation-Plus’

'Health, wealth, and gender issues’by

Barbara van Koppen & Eline Boelee

Irrigation for pro-poor growth 1960s

Agriculture as engine for economic growth: ‘trickle-up’ poverty eradication through economic growth (IFAD)

Irrigation as driver of Asian Green Revolution

Smallholders: higher production, higher incomes, more wellbeing

Wage laborers: labor creation (also for women)

Net food buyers: lower prices

Multiplier effects

Targeting matters

Irrigation for pro-poor growthafter 2000

Agriculture out of fashion – swinging back now in Africa; Growing competition by world markets? Import protection ?

A range of forms of water management in agriculture – year-round storage, individual appropriate technologies, rainwater harvesting/soil moisture retention, rainfed agriculture

Irrigation – plus:• the step• large-scale irrigation in arid areas• homestead sufficiency

Peter Lee, ICID in Mexico WWF 4

Irrigation – plus!

De facto multiple-use

De facto multiple-use

Irrigation - plus

• Livestock, gardening, tree growing, fisheries, crafts, industries: higher values of irrigation schemes• Domestic uses: main benefit for women• Incremental capital costs: 10-15 percent• Rehabilitation: irrigation-plus by design, building on de facto mus

Irrigation-plus by design: the step !

Punjab - Pakistan: Irrigation-plus by design – 1

Punjab - Pakistan: Irrigation-plus by design - 2

Punjab - Pakistan: Irrigation-plus by design – 3

Punjab - Pakistan: Irrigation-plus by design - 4

Punjab - Pakistan: Irrigation-plus by design - 5

Punjab - Pakistan: Irrigation-plus by design - 6

ponds/ tanks

Ethiopia

Thailand National Policy:‘Economic sufficiency’

Farmers’ wisdom networks :

Bottom-up testing and upscaling of multiple water uses from multiple sources

Multiple sources, multiple uses, quantity and quality, seasons

An example layout of successful practices

Mr. Saman Piyawong’s plot layout at Kandong, Buriram

South Africa

MaTshepo Khumbane grassroots activist, Eva Masha, Emily Masha Strydkraal

Department of Water Affairs and Forestry • Subsidies for household tanks• National guidelines for Multiple-use approaches by local

government

Family 5-year food security “helicopter plan”

House water recycling

Food gardening

Family time management

Eva digging her dam

Emily’s triumph

16 Oct 2003: Awareness!catching the first rain

Oct-Nov 2003: digging storage to catch more

19 Jan 2004: “We have buried the hunger”

Water Quality

Medical science norms and mandates: ‘illegal’

1980s:

Many water sources sufficiently clean, also seepage

Water quantity more important for health and hygiene than water quality

Go for incremental improvements instead of imposing unrealistic norms

Upstream treatment

Point of use treatment

Water quantity

Irrigation planners: ‘domestic uses are negligible volumes’

Issue is year-round availability and siting

Competition for new systems and in dry season?

Priority domestic uses

Overflow to irrigation tank

Gender in participatory planning

Example: SADC IWRM demonstration projects

Zambia: WWF

Katuba and Namwala communities

in Kafue basin

Water resource mapping

Resources, uses, and institutions; problems and vision

Prioritization of uses by vulnerability and gender

Prioritization of uses by vulnerability and gender

From prioritization to short-term vision & action-plan

Priorities by zone

Gender in IWRM

Domestic: sharing the unpaid chores

Productive: equal opportunities for women and men

Thank You

Irrigation for pro-poor growth

Agriculture as engine for economic growth

Irrigation as driver of Asian Green Revolution

Smallholders: higher production, higher incomes, more wellbeing

Wage laborers: labor creation (also for women)

Net food buyers: lower prices

Targeting matters

Investments in a range of water management in agriculture

World markets? Import protection?