Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public. इंटरनेट मानक “!ान $ एक न’ भारत का +नम-ण” Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda “Invent a New India Using Knowledge” “प0रा1 को छोड न’ 5 तरफ” Jawaharlal Nehru “Step Out From the Old to the New” “जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan “The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह ै” Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam “Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen” IS 10394 (1982): wooden sleepers for railway track [CED 9: Timber and Timber Stores]
Transcript
Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information
Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
इंटरनेट मानक
“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”
“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru
“Step Out From the Old to the New”
“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan
“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”
“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”
है”ह”ह
IS 10394 (1982): wooden sleepers for railway track [CED 9:Timber and Timber Stores]
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
Gr 7 October 1983
IS I 103M • 1.2
Indian StandardSPECIfiCATION FOR
WOODBN SLEEPBRS FOR RAILWAY TRACK
Tim~r SectionalCommittee, DDC 9
Cia...."INiPacTOR GanRAL OP Poa..,..
..",.,in,Mi nitlry orAsricultunr
In penooal capacity ( C.59, r"UrI*ri, N,UJ D"IIi)Bihar State Foresta Development Corporation Ltd,
Patna
Forest Departm~nt, Government of Uttar Pradeab.,LuckDow
Federation or Indian Plywood and Panel ladustry,New Delhi
ExaaUTIvaDluoroa (..41"""'t' )..... j.S. WATILUlU Directorate General of Technical DevclopmeDc,
New DelhiSHU P. V. MaRTA (Altmlllt,)
DaA.N. NAY"SHU J. N•.PAlCDBY
Sual B.M. '.AIA. (AI,.".." )
ADDI110ICAL CRJar CoMDa·VATO. o. Fo• ..,.., (AI",..,,)
Dt••CTOR Indian Plywood IDduatriel Research laltilute,Bangalore
DJa&CTOa, Foaur !l••ARCH MID Forat Department. Govel'DJDeDt of Karnatakl.UftUZATION Banplore
DJ.aGIOR (TUCK) RaUw., Board (Miniltry of Railway. )JOINT DlUOTOa, CE ( TM) ( .41"",." )
ClIDa V. P. O.ao Naval HeadquartenAlllnAJl'l' INDUSTRIAL
MANAoaa(&""")SHU B. H. RlNooaANI
SHU K. S. LAULY
M....'8.RI S. S. ABllYAII&AR Enginee....in.Chief'. Branch, Army Headquarter.
IHRI S. K. GUPTA ( AI,.",.,. )ADDITIONAL IIIIP&CTOa G.....AL MiDiatry or Alriculture
o.FoUITISHa S. K. BAlCBaJZB National Tat HOUle, Calcutta
8Hal D. K. KANUNGO (.(I",." ) .C..... Corc.aVATOa OF FORUTI Apiculture, Forata and Co-operation Department,
GovemlDcot of GuJarat, Ahmadabad
( Cmrli" .n ,." 2 ,
• Copyril"-' 1989BUREAU OF IN1JfAN STANDARDS
Tbil publiaatioa il proteclCU UDder tbe I"dla" CDpy,t,,,, At' (XIV of 1957 ) aDdreproductioD ia.wbole or ia part by aay meaas except with writtea permissiOD ofthlpubUlb.r ,ban be deemed to be ID iDfriDlemeDt or copyripi uDder lb. laid Act.
IS : 10394 • 1982
forest Research Institute at Collelci (rrimbel'Mechanics Branch), Debra Dun
In personal capacity (26 S. B. H. Co'''''.1, P. O.Sri".,." H;'d,ralJad)Directorate General of Suppli. and Disposall,
New DelhiDirectorate General of Civil Aviadon (Ministry of
Tourism and Civil Aviation), New DelhiDirector General, lSI ( &-offilio Mimi,,)
n. A. PU.USHOTBA.U
na V. RANOANATHAN
( C."tinu,d f'D", ,a" 1 )
M,ml"s R'lr'J",tingPaUlO.NT Indian Academy or Wood Science, Dellra Dun
GBNERAL SaCaETAay ( AI'""al,)DRS. K. PUUAYAITHA Forest Research lnatitute & College. (Wood
Anatomy Branch); Dehra DunIndian Plywood Manufacturinl Co Ltd, BombayIn personal capacity (28-e, N. Bl«1c, Ma'v!1tJ
Kala, Extn, Silk", Nw D,'hi)5HRI G. V. RAO Ministry of Defence (R & D)
SHa. U. B, KANCHAM ( AII,rnal,)OIL R. S. RATRA ~ational Building. Organization, New DelhiRSPRZS&NTATI\'E Ministry of Defence ( DOl)
SRRI J. K. SINHA ( AII,rna', )SRal S. N. SANYAL
SHRI A. C. SEXHAR
5••• F. C. SHARMA
SHa. SHARAN SINOH
SHRI G. RAMAN,Director ( Civ Enll )
S,er,torySHRI}. R. MEHTA
Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), lSI
Timber Conversion and Grading Subcommittee, DDC 9: 10
C,"""",SaRI A. C. SalCHA. In perlonal capacity (26 8. B. H. Co10".1, P. o.
9,i".,a" H.1tllrtlHtl)
Mnnb",OHIEl' CoNIERVATOR OP FORan Forest Department, GoverDment of Himachal
(Pages 19 to 21, Appendix A) -Insert tbe following foot-note It pages 19and 20: '
"These specia .re tbose wbich ue ..aurally durable Mid woods requiriD, DO ,....liw....IID.DI. provided 001, beal1WOOcl is UIed.'
(CED09)Printed at Simco Printing Press, Delhi, India
IS : 10394 • 1981
Indian StandardSPECIFICATION FOR
WOODEN SLEEPERS FOR RAILWAY TRACK
8. FO RE WORD
0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institutionon 24 December 1982, after the draft finalized by the Timber SectionalCommittee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council.
0.2 One of the important uses of wood is as wooden sleepers on the railwaytracks. Although, sleepers of alternate materials, namely, concrete metal,etc, have also been substituted in place of wooden sleepers, yet under certainsituations there is no substitute for wooden sleepers which will continue tobe used on railway tracks. This standard has, therefore, been prepared tocover the requirements of wooden sleepers and wooden specials used onrailway tracks. The preparation of the standard on the subject has beentaken up with due concurrence of Railway Board.
0.3 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given tointernational co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailingin different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the fieldin this country.
O.~ For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of thisstandard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance withIS: 2-1960·. The number of significant places retained in the rounded oft'value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers the requirements of wooden sleepers and woodenspecials used for broad gauge, metre gauge and narrow gauge railwaytracks.
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS : 707-1976tand the following shall apply. For other terms, Fig. 1 shall be referred.
-Rules for rounding off numerical values (".u,d ).tGlossary oft~rm. applicable to timber technology and utilization (s"orad "fJisi,,.).,
IS : 10394 • 1982
FIG. 1 RAILWAY SLEEPER NOMENCLATURB
2.1 Composite Sleeper Index ( CSI ) - It is an arithmetical figure to serveas a guide for evaluating relative importance ofdifferent timber species fromstrength point of view for use as railway sleepers. It is obtained by combining the values of a few basic strength and hardness properties consideredimportant for use as railway sleepers,
2.1 Defect - An abnormality or irregularity in wood which lowers the lifeof a sleeper by decreasing its normal strength.
3.3 DistortioD - It is identified by any deviation in a sleeper from a trueplane surface causing departure from its original plane. It includes bow,cup, spring, twist, etc ( see Fig. 7).
3.4 Quartered Sleepers - When sawn from a tree of such a .size that at leastfour sleepers can be cut from a section, each one of them is known asquartered sleeper. The heart line in such sleepers, some times, appears atthe corner. This defect is more noticeable in sleepers sawn from trees ofsmall sections. Owing to its position a split is likely to devolop in the heartline when the sleeper is in the track ( see Fig. 8).
2.5 Rail Seat - The portion of the full width of the sleeper under a rail orunder a bearing plate which bears the load directly. Its position is fixedfrom centre of the sleeper ( see Fig. 2).
1.5.1 The area and the position of the rail seat region from the centre ofthe sleeper shall be as given in Table 1.
NOTB - The position of rail sheet relion in standard size .Ieeper. isliven in Fig. 2.
~., Perpendicular Grain Sleeper - A sleeper in which the annual growthrings as seen at its end face appear nearly at right angles to the width of thesleeper ( see Fig. 3 ).
1.7 Ruptured EDd - The broken end of a sleeper (se.! Fig. 4 ).
4
IS : 10394 - 1981
TABLE 1 AREA AND POSITION OF RAIL SEAT
( Claus, 2_5.1 and Fig_ 2 )
DIITANCB OP WIDTH OPGAtJOa POINTS SLItEPEa, BBaTWaIN Twa
PARALLEL RAILS,Mill
(em) (em)
DO (167-64) 25
MG ( 100-00) 20
NG ( 76-20 at 1861-00 )
LBNOTH 0.RAIL SEAT, S
(em)
33-0
28·5
28"5
AaBA
(emS)
825
570
'13
POIITION OF RAILSEAT REOION
PROU CENTRIt OPSLaapza
(em)
71-5· 104-5
38-5· 67·0
19'0 - 55-5
GAUQEL B X S
(em) (em) (em) (em)
BG ( 167"6) 275 25 71"5 33
MG (100-0) 180 20 se-s 28-5
NO (76·2) 150 18 27·0 28-5
NG (61·0) 150 18 19'0 20"5
FIG. 2 PosITION OF RAIL SEAT REGION INSTANDARD SIZE SLEB'ER!
IS : 10394. 1912
FIG. 3 PERPENDICULAR GRAIN SLEEPER
Flo. 4 RUPTURED-END SPLIT AND CRACKS
3. TIMBER SPECIES
3.1 Any of the timber species mentioned in Appendix A may be used formanufacturing railway sleepers.
3.1.1 Composite Sleeper Index - Index (CSI) of all the species are givenagainst each ( see Appendix A ) for general guidance. Recommended minimum composite sleeper index for different track positions are given inAppendix B. CSI of all the species have been derived based on CGS units.The procedure for calculating the composite sleeper index for variousspecies is given at Appendix C.
4. DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES
4.1 Track Sleepers - The dimensions for the standard track sleepers shall asgiven in Table 2.
TABLE 2 DIMENSIONS FOR STAI'DARD TRACK SLEEPERS(Claus, 4.1 )
GAUGB LBNOTB TOL.RANCE Caoa-SECTloNAL TOL••ANClIM(em) IN LENGTH, % D,II&MIION. ( em ) CROll-
MG 20 X 13 do 185, 215, 245 and doonwards varyingby SO em
25 X 13 do do do
20 X 15 do do do
NG 18 )( 13 do do do
20 X 15 do do do
25 X 13 do do do
5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
5.1 Preservati,e TreatmeDt - The sleepers of all the species containingsapwood and those not indicating with an asterisk mark in Appendix Ashall be given pteservative treatment as given in IS: •.
fi. GRADING
6.1 Railway sleepers shall be of two classes, namely, Class I and Class II,depending on permissible defects. A sleeper shall be classified as of theClass II even if it is"of that class in terms of only one defect and is of theClass I in terms of all other defects. Likewise, a sleeper shall be rejectedif the permissible range in any one-of the defects is exceeded.
6.2 Special sleepers shall of Class I only.
• Code of practice for preservation and treatment of railway wooden sleepers(,,,,tI., p,.aralion).
7
IS : IO~· 1982
7. PERMISSIBLE DEFECTS
7.1 Permissible defects for different grades of railway sleepers shall be within the limits given in Table 4.
Non - For ready reference and fuidance some of the common defects occurriDIin railway Ileepen are illustrated in FIg. 5 to 12.
TABLE .. PERMISSIBLE DEFECTS FOR DI.FERENT GRADEl orRAlLW.Y SLEEPERS
SL DZ••cr CLAU I AND SP£CIAL CLAII II RAILWAYNo. RAILWAY SLIt.PE•• SL•••a..
(I) (2) (3) (4)
1. Centre-heart i) When the depth of.leeper Clamped centre heart on ODC
ClmaU, sound lies between 10 to 13 em, or both end (acca appcarinsand ti,ht for all the centre heart ,ball be anywhere shall be allowed forcues) only on one end race (,,, track sleepers,( ,,, Fir. 5 " 6 ) Fil. 5 ) Uld shan be with-
in 5·0 em for BO, 4·0 cmfor MG and NG sleeper.(rom the nearest broadface.
ii) When the depth of theIleeper it 13 to 15 em,clamped centre-heart (s"Fig. 6) on one or bothend facel within ~ em ofthe nearest broad racesball be permitted.
iii) When the depth of thesleeper is over 15 em,clamped .Dtre-heart any-where on one or both endfaces sball be permitted.
2. D".., If the decay can be cbilClled Same u Clau I .leeper••down to sound wood within1 ~m at the resion of therail seat and within 2 cmellewhere, it shall not betreated .1 defect, but theIleeper Ihall be rejected ifit ex~ these limits.
3. B.", BollI i) Any number of borer hole Same 81 CJ.. J .leeper••( Inleet attack) made by shot-hole borer
.hall not be considered adeCect, if these do Dotappear 011 or under therad .eat area.
( CMI..tl)
8
IS : 10394 - 1912
TABLB 4 PERMISSIBLE DEFBars POR DIFFERENT GIlADES OFRAILWAY SLEEPERS - Cora,tI
SLNo.(1)
4.
DZRCT
(2)
Knols(Dia measuredalong the minoraxis)
CLASS I AND SpaCIALRAILWAY SLEZPERS
(3)
ii) Borer hole up to 1·3 emdia shall be permissible,provided their numberdoes not exceed one forevery 1 000 em' of peripheral area and are properly pluiged with tbelame speciel of timber.
i) Sum of diameters of allthe live or sound knotlup to 7·5 em, provided nosingle knot il more than2·5 em in dia, near therail scat region, and upto 7·5 em dia elsewhere.shall be permiuible butthey shall not occur ineluaten so as to reducethe Itrength of the sleeperand DO knot .ball fallWithiDthe spike line. Incue of apecial .teepenany number of knoll ofanywhere on the sleeperDone exceeding 5 em india are permissible provided they do not fall ODthe spike line.
i1) L.oI' trr Hollow Kn.tsmall not be permiaaible.
iii) D"(J~ Dr UtUDlUltl K,."shall not be permissible.
9
CLAD JI RAILWAYSLap....
(4)Borer hole up to 2'5 em dia
provided their number doe.not exceed one under the railleat region and up to 5·0 emdia elsewhere shall be permi..sible provided these do notoccur in clusters and art properly plugged with the lamelpecies of timber.
Sum of diameters of knoll inthe rail seat region shall notexceed 7'5 em and no sinlleknot sball exceed 2'5 em india. Elsewhere any numberof knots up to 10 em dia provided they do not fall on the.pike line and do not occur inclusters to reduce the normalstreng lh of the sleeper.
No loose or hollow knot shallbe permissible under the railleat. but any number of knotselsewhere, none exccedins10 em in dia, shall be permiasible provided these areproperly plulled with thelame species of timber.Decayed and unsound kDob.ball not be permissible underthe rail seae, but afty Dumberof knots elsewhere, DODe
exceediDI 10 em in dia, shallbe permissible provided thaeare properly plulled with theaame species of timber afterlCoopi out the decay.
( C"",iltwt#)
18":103M• 1912
TABU f PEIlMIIIIBLB DBFBCTI I'OR _IFIBRBNT GaADEI OPIlAILWAY ILDPERS- C."td
SLNo.
(I)
5_
6.
7.
DUBCT
(bM,,,,,~S,."( ",Fil· .)
CLAY I AND SPECIAl. CLAII II RAILWAYRAILWAY SUEP£a. Sua....
~) (~
Pcrp:ndicular ,rain sleeper Same al for Clasl I sleeperl.with perpendicular srain evenon ene face aDd not containins centre-beart shalr not bepermitted.
Deviation on measured di- Same .. for Claa I sleepen.mensions due to warp shallnot exceed the limits men-tioaed in (a) to (d),
a) '#Wi., - With a atring Same as for Clua I lleepen.Itretched from end to endaloDI the middle of thenarrow face, the maximum depth anywb~re
from horizontal Ihan notcxeccd0·65 em per 30 emlenl'h ofsleeper.
b) C.,- Willa a Itrailht Same as for Clul I .leepen.edle laid anlwhere alooltbe width 0 the sleeper,the maximum depth fromthe horizon tal shall notexceed I·' em.
c) BtHIJ - With a stringstretched from end to end Same as for CI... I Ileepen_alonl the middle of thebroad lace, the maximumdepth lrom the.horizontalshall not exceed &65 cmper !O em len••for trackIteepen and 0-50 em per30 cm lenllh subject to •maximum or ~-O em for.peai....
d) T";', - Permi.ible if Same .. for CI•• I aleepen.adziDI up to 0-65 emNIDOYeI the diatoniea.
Heart line viaible either oa the Same u '01 CJua I .lecpen.narrow race or on tile broad'ace or aleeper2S-S X "-'emand more in cl'OII-leCtionaballnol be coaaiclered a clcrcci.Heart line llaal1not be per-millible ill aleepen or IIMIler~tion.
Heart split line with ita pointsof maximum depth Iyin. beyond 4·0 em from either edle:and in case heart split linetouching one edge, bu t beyond 7·5 em from the otheredit: maximum depsh aballnot exceed 7·5 em for BO6-5 em for ~IC and NG.
(3)
CLASS I AND SPECIALRAILWAY SL&&PERS
Ruptured end Dot permiuible. Same as for Class I sleepers.i) It .hall not exceed 25%1
of any surface dimension Iunder the rail seat and I r .hall not exceed 33~~ of any33% ~llewhere for track lurface dimension under theand bridle sleepers, I rail ~eat and 50% elsewhere.
ii) Sleepers meant for use on rUnlimited upwood aball becrOllings .hall Dot con- per~itted for track sleeperstain more than ~()Ok provided they are properlysapwood for a distance treated. .up to !O em from eitherJend and 33% elsewhere,
iii) Where wane occurs in a Same u (or Class I sleepen.•leeper .um total of theactual measure of thewane and lapwood sballnot exceed the prescribedlimits (or sapwood.
i) Cracks alonl the grain Same as for Olatl I .leepers..hall not occur on the.pike line, elleWbere tbeae.ball be permitted pro-vided the lum of.ll tbecracks does not exceed75 em in _Ida .and0-71 em in width.
ii) Cracb across the IraiD Same .. for Claas Illeepen••ball be 01any 1enlth butsball not exceed 0·2 cm inwidth.
i) Heart split anywhere on Same u for Cl.. I sleepen.heart aide broad race.ball not exceed 1·3 emin depth.
ii) Heart .plit liDe with tilepoints and maximumdepth 'yinS beyond 4-0 cmfrom either cd.; and incale heart split linetoucbinl one cdlc, butbeyond 7·.5 em from theotbcr cdlC, maximumdepth shan not exceed6·5 in for BG and 5 emfor MG and NG.
S,lils( on broad aDdDarrow (aca andclamped in theend face)(I" FiS. g)
iii) No other splits shall No other splits shall exceedexceed 2-5 em in length 4"0 em in leDlth per 30 emper 30 em lengtb or the length of the sleeper and lapsleeper and gap shall not .hall Dot be more thaDbe more than 0-50 em. 0-65 em.
i) Any number of cup Same as for Clua I sleeper••shakes permissible pro-vided the cup shake doe.not exceed 7·5 em inleDgth of the are and notextending to 5 em of anyedge and shall not bemore than one in thesame growth ring.
ii) Cup shakes not more Same as for Cia•• I sleepere,than 1"5em in depth anddo not fall within SO emfrom the end of the sleeperwhich are not visible inthe end face but appearas parallel cracks on theheart side broad faceshall be permissible.
iii) Any number of clamped Same aI for C1us I sleeper••heart, radial and .tarshakes shall be permis-sible.
iv) All typ~s of permissible Same u {or CI... I .Ieepen.crack_, shakes, splits, etc,shall be such tb.t theydo not fall and are Dotlikely to extend in thenear future towards spikeIiDC_ All heart, radial andstar shakes .hall beclamped.
The slope grain when meuu- Same •• (or CI••• I .Ieepen.red by standard templatelahan not exceed I in 15 onthe broad face and 1 in 30 onthe narrow faee.
( C""Ii",.,)
12
IS ; 10394· Ita
TAaLK t •••111.18... DEW&CTI FOR DIFFERENT GRADES OFRAILWAY ILEEPERS - C.ntd
Sl.No.
(1)
14.
15.
Daner
(2)
Wa,(Measured alonglunace in cIirec·dOD at riptaDlles to cbeleap of tbesleeper. )( ", Fi,. 11 )
Wiula' H,."eI" Fil. 12)
CLASS I AND SPBCIALRAILWAY SLEEPERS
(3)
i) The wane shall notexceed 12% of the aurfaceeIi.ensiona under the railIeat and 15% elsewherefor track and bridgesleepers.
ii) The wane shall not exceed25% lor a distance of30 em from either endand up to 15% elsewherefor croSliDS and specialsleepen.
i) Sleepers with windingbeart in which the heartline it not viliblethroulhout ita coone orin which it appean inboth tile bnad faces orat the rail leat I'qioDIball be rejected.
ii) Heart line appcariDi onlyon alae narrow &ee. butnot more than 2·5 emaway from the laeart aideaball be permitted.
CLAIS II RAILWA'·SLItI.PERS
(4)
The wane shall not exceed15% oftbe surface dimensionunder the rail leat and 25%elsewbere for track and bridgesleepers.
Same as (or Class I sleepers.
Same &s for Class I sleepers.
Heart line appeariq only onthe na~w race INt not lDorethaD 4·0 em away (rolD theheart aide shan be permitted.
8. INSPECTION
1.1 The inspection of track sleepers and specials of all gauges shallbe carried out as given in Appendix D or as .Ireed to between the partiesconcemecl.
9. MAKING
'.1 Each sleeper shall be engraved with the identification 'Code 1etten,indicating timber species and tbe year of laying_ For example SAL sleeperlaid in 1980shaU be engraved as'S 80'. Code letters for various speciesare liven at Appendix A.
13
IS I 103N· Ita
9.1.1 The sleepermay also be marked with Standard mark.
..1.2 The use of the Standard Mark is govered by the provisions of theBureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 and tbe Rules and Regulations madethereunder. The details of conditions under which the licence for the use ofStandard Mark may be gnnted to manufacturers or producers may be obtainedfrom the Bureau of Indian Standards.
FlO. 5 CENTRE-HEART NlAR ONE ~ND FACB
Flo. 6 ClAMPBD CeNTRE-HEART SLEBPIR
14
-..........-=:::::..._.__._._- --
7A CROOK OR SPRING
&------------118 CUP
r:._.7C tWIST
_.~
70 BOW
Flo. 7 WARP ( DISTOaTION )
J5
IS: 1.4-1982
I. QUARtERED SLEePIIIEND YlIW
I' QUARnEREO SLEEPER END CRACKEXTENDED ON THE SMALL PACE
Pia. 8 QUAItTEIlED SLDPEIt
16
IS : 10394· 198J
9A CLAMPED END SPLITS
.........99 RUPTURED END SPLIT AND CRACK
9C HEARl SPLIT
FIG. 9 SPLITS AND CRACKS
11
IS : 1.394 ..198%
StAR SHAKE
FIG. 10 SHAICES
RADIALSHAKE
l1A SINGLE ROUND
11C DOUBLE WANE
118 SINGLE WANE
110 DOUBLE ROUND
Flo. 11 WANE
18
IS : 103941 - 1912
12 A WINDING HEARl(BROAD FACE TO NARROW FACE)
12B WINDING HEARl(BROAD FACE 10 BROAD FACE)
FIG. 12 WINDING HEART
APPENDIX A
( Clauses 3.1 and 9.1 )
TIMBER SPECIES SUITABLE FOR RAILWAY SLEEPERS
Bolall"'" H"ml Standard Trad, C.",posit, Co.HIlm6 Su,,,, ult"J*
" T. erm."'" )Vilalpp. milia 125 ML~X.,IM.,..,,. inal 120 I
Nora 1 - For cla.mealion oftilDber .pee" refeNDCC lDay be made of IS: 391·1161Clulilcadon of conuncrcial timben and their zonal distribution (,..).
NOD 2 - Fir and 1'&11, which havc OSI leu than thc pracribccl !imia (,.Appendix 8) may be accepted in IpeciaI cues by tbe purchaser.
·Tbae are di.crcnt from tbOie pven in IS : 1150-1976Tradc nama aDd abbreviatedIymbols for timber lpeCi. <._ ,Mi_).
tTMa. apeci. are ali.hdy dilic"h 10 "., anel u such require iaciaion bereN treat·m.t.
tn..e lpeci. are tbole wlUcla are nalurally durable bani woodl requiri.. no pr...• atige treatment, proYlded only heartwood it UICd.
21
IS : 10394· 19b
APPENDIX 8
(Clause 3.1.1 )
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM COMPOSITE SLEEPER INDEXFOR DIFFERENT TRACK POSITIONS
81 Track PositionNo.
I. Ordinary track sleepers2. Special sleepers for bridges3. Special sleepersfor crossings
Composite SleeperIndex (CSI)
4810388
APPENDIX C(Clause 3.1.1)
PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING THE COMPOSITESLEEPER INDEX
c-r. PROCEDURE
C-l.1 The CSI is obtained from a suitable combination of the followingproperties with certain adjustmentsand weishtages :
a) The general strength figure both for green as well as dry timber at12% moisture content S, and
b) The general hardness figure both for green as well as dry timber at12% moisture content..... ,H by the formula:
CSI- S+~OH
C-J.2 'S' is based on the Breen and dry values of :a) Modulus of rupture ( static beading ),b) Fibre stress at elastic limit ( static bending),c) Fibre stress at elastic limit ( impact bending ),d) Maximum crushing stress ( compression parallel to grain ), ande) Fibre stress ~t elastic limit ( compression parallel to grain ).
e·l.3 'H' is based on' the green and dry value of :a) Fibre stress at elastic limit ( compression perpendicular to Sfain ),b) End hardness,
22
IS : 10394· ltD
c) Radial hardness, andd) Tangentialhardness.
C-l.4 Based on the above formula, the CSI has been worked out for' anumber of Indian species for use as sleepers ( see Appendix A ).
APPENDIX n( Claus, 8.1 )
INSPEC110N OF RAILWAY SLEEPERS
0.1. INSPECTION
D-I.l Inspection of sleepers shall be carried out as under.
D-l.1.1 Inspection of sleepers in green condition shall not be done.Inspection shall be carried out at least two months after conversion; and itmay be insured that the sleepers are not exposed to rains durin. the interveningperiod.
0-1.1.2 Water borne sleepers shall be allowed to dry in the yard for atleast one month before inspection. This period may be reduced to between1S to 30 days during hot season.
D-l.1.3 All sleepers shall be cleaned of mud, dirt and plaster, if any,from tho end faces before inspection.
0-1.1.4 Sleepers shall be spread with the heart side up and on supportsparallel to one another.
D-I.I.S All sleepers shall bear the contractor'. idontification mark.0-1.1.6 Clamps, when necessary, shall be in accordance with Appendix E
dod shall be properly fixed.
0.1.1.7 Lengths longer than those permissible shallbe cut off.
D-l.1.8 In the case of specials, dimensions of eachsleepershallbe markedin the middle of the broad face in white figures in the order of length,width and thickness.
NOTa - For convenience, steepen of the same size .hall be placed in ODe lot.
0-1.1.9 The inspectingofficer shall examine all facesof each sleeper. Hemayemployany meanshe considersnecessary to satisfy himselfthat slteperlconform to the specifications laid down in the standard.
Passed and rejected sleepers shall be marked separately.
23
IS : 103M- 198J
D-l.I.IO Previouslyrejected sleepers shall not be offered for re-inspection.
n-l.1.11 The contractor shall put a small identification mark near thein.pecting officers mark of acceptance.
))'1.1.1J On the conclusion of an inspection, the contractor shall liveto the inspecting officer a certified list showing details of all sleeperspassedand rejected.
D-1.l.13 Transport and storage of passed sleepers shall be carried out asper the instructions of the inspecting officer in accordance with the supplyagreement.
D-I.I.14 In the event of dispute on the standard of inspection, theopinion of the authority specified in the supply agreement shall be final.
APPENDIX B(Clause D-l.I.6)
REQUIREMENTS FOR STEEL CLAMPS FORWOODEN SLEEPERS
£-1. SCOPE
&-1.1 This Appendix covers the requirements, methods of sampling andtests for steel clamps used with wooden sleepers in railway track.
E-2. MATERIAL
E-2.1 The clamps shall be manufactured from ateel conforming to gradeSt. 42-1079 of IS : 1079·1971·.
E-2.1.1 When steel proposed is not as per grade St. 42-1079 of IS : 10791973*, its detailed specification shall be mentioned with the prior approvalof the purchaser.
1:-3. MANUFACfURE
E-3.1 The sheets from which the clamps are manufactured, shall be sheetedinstrips to the required width and one side chamfered to form an edge tofacilitate it being driven into wood. It shall then be bent accurately to thodimensions and tolerances -shown in Fig. 13 and shall be free from imperfection and heavy scales.
-Specification for hot rolled carbon steel sheet and strip Cllairtl,mslo.).
24
IS : 10~ -1981
•
't' CLAMP
',. CL AMP
T*1Jo--I.•
1·6
T" CHAMFeR
20
LClIO" SECT.ON
0' CLAM"
GAUO&.A B
mm mm
BG 130 40
MG 100
I20
NO 100 20
All dimension. in millimetre..
Flo. 13 'C t AND C S' CLAMPS FOR WOODEN SLEEPERS
25
IS : 10394 • 1912
&-4. TESTS
£.4.1 A minimum of six clamps or 0·1 percent of the lot/batch offered forinspection, shall be selected at random for dimensional check.
E-4.1.1 The test clamps after havin. been checkod with gaugos forcorrectness of shape and contour shall be subjected to tests under 1:-4.1and E-4.3.
&-4~ Flttl81 Tilt - The test shall be carried out on at least 6 clamps. Thechamfered side of the clamps shall be driven into the 'cress-section of thesleeper that the othor side of the clamp become. flush with the sleeper. Thebearing surf.. shall be in the appropriate planes and there shall be noappreciable twist or lido way distortion in' the finished clamps.
E-4.3 Ap,lleaUoaTest - The test clamps, which have passed the fitting telt( E-4.2) shall further be capable of beinl driven in sleepers at least threetimes. one after the other without any sipiftcaDt distortion in its oripnalIhape.
E-5. RE-TESTS
&-5.1 Should any ose of the test clamp first selected fail to pass anyone ofthe tests specified in E.... two further samplos shall be selected from thesame lot for tostinl in respect of each failure. Should the test clamps fromboth ·these additional samples paSSt the clamps represented by· the testaamplea shall be deemed to complywith the requirement of that particularteat. Should the teat clamps from either of these additional samples fail,the lot represented by the test clamps shall be deemed as not conforming tothis lpecification and sllall be rejected.
U. PROTECTION
I'A.t All clamps IhaD bedipped in hot boiled linseed oil conforming toIS : 77·1l16· after they have been inspectedand approved and shall not bepacked until the oil hu dried toan ela,tic filmfree from tackiness.
-'pccificatioD ror Ii"- oil, boiled for pai... (_. '''''.11 ).26
IS : 103,. • 1982
Forest Reaeareb Institute at Collegel ( LoainlBranch ). Debra Dun
Forest Research Institute at Colleges (TimberMechanics Branch), Dehra Dun
Directorate General of Civil Aviation (Ministry ofTourism and Civil Aviation ), New Delhi
Miniscry of Defence ( DG I )
R.,",,.,;,,,Himachal Pradesh Forata Leueea Association, SimlaForel' Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh,
LucknowDirectorate General of Technical Develop ment ,
New Delhi
SUR. F. C. SHARMA
SHR.J. K. SINHAS8RI OULAM ALAY ( AI",.." )
SHa, R. T. SOMAIYA Bombay Timber Merchants Auociation. BombaySHR. JIMMY WADIA (.Alt,mall)
