Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public. इंटरनेट मानक “!ान $ एक न’ भारत का +नम-ण” Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda “Invent a New India Using Knowledge” “प0रा1 को छोड न’ 5 तरफ” Jawaharlal Nehru “Step Out From the Old to the New” “जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan “The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह ै” Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam “Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen” IS 14945 (2001): Counter Balanced Trucks Handling Freight Containers of 6 M Length and Above - Additional Stability Tests [TED 22: Transport Tractors and Trailers]
Transcript
Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information
Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
इंटरनेट मानक
“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”
“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru
“Step Out From the Old to the New”
“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan
“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”
“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”
है”ह”ह
IS 14945 (2001): Counter Balanced Trucks Handling FreightContainers of 6 M Length and Above - Additional StabilityTests [TED 22: Transport Tractors and Trailers]
Is 14945:2001
RR-al T!lfmJT
Indian Standard
COUNTERBALANCED TRUCKS HANDLING FREIGHTCONTAINERS OF 6 m LENGTH AND ABOVE —
ADDITIONAL STABILITY TESTS
ICS 53.060
.-:
0 BIS 2001
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
Jufy 2001 Price Group 4
Transport Engineering Division Council, TED 23
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the IndustrialTrucks Sectional Committee had been approved by the Transport Engineering Division Council.
This standard specifies ‘Additional stability tests’ for the counter balanced trucks handling empty or laden freightcontainers of 6m length and above.
In order to facilitate international co-ordination on the subject, this standard is based on and is in conformity with1S0 10525:1997 ‘Counterbalanced trucks handling freight containers of 6 m length and above —Additional stabilitytests’.
The composition of the committee responsible for formulating this standard is given in Annex A.
In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed orcalculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numericalvalues ( revised)’.
Is 14945:2001.*’;
4,Indian Standard —.
COUNTERBALANCED TRUCKS HANDLING FREIGHTCONTAINERS OF 6 m LENGTH AND ABOVE —
1
i;!’.,
ADDITIONAL STABILITY TESTS
1 SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies additional tests to veri~the stability of counterbalanced lift trucks whenhandling freight containers of 6 m length and above.
1.2 This standard specifies tests in addition to thosespecified in IS 4357.
2 REFERENCES “
The following standards contain provisions whichthrough reference in this text, constitute provision ofthis standard. At the time of publication, the editionsindicated were valid. ”All standards are subject torevision, and parties to agreements based on thisstandard are encouraged to investigate the possibilityof applying the most recent editions of the standardsindicated below:
IS No. Title
4357:1974 Methods for stability testing offorklift trucks (first revision )
4660:1993 Powered industrial trucks —Terminology ( third revision)
7862:1975 Glossary of terms relating to safetyaspects concerning operating areasof industrial trucks
3 TERMINOLOGY
For the purpose of this standard, the terms anddefinitions given in IS 4660 and IS 7862 shall apply.
4 CONDITIONS OF VALIDITY
4.1 The stability tests ensure that counterbalancedtrucks handling tleight containers have satisfactorystability when reasonably and appropriately used under’the following conditions:
a) The truck ( traveling with the freight containerat normal traveling height and stacking )is operating under conditions where the
1
b)
c)
wind speed is up to 12.2 nds ( Beaufort ScaleForce 6),
Alternative ratings for use in higher windspeeds shall be developed by use of highervalues for wind speed, v, in equations (1) and(2) in 5.5.3, and
The truck is traveling forward with the fkightcontainer leading, elevated so that the baseis not higher than 1m above the point ofmaximum depression of the seat cushion underthe operator and the mast is filly tilted back.,
NOTE— The elevated load permits an operatorto see underneath the freight container.
a) Stability tests to cover conditions stated in (a)or (b) are applicable to all trucks.
b) Stability tests to cover conditions stated in (c)are only applicable to a truck which will operatewith a partially elevated container.
4.2 This standard does not apply to trucks when:
a) handling suspended loads which may swingfreely, and
b) handling a container which has a mobile centreof gravity.
5 TEST REQUIREMENTS
The stability of the trucks shall be verified by meansof the test methods described below. Any of themethods is an acceptable verification procedure.
5.1 Verification Procedure
5.1.1. Tilting Platform
A test platform wl@h can be tilted about one side shallbe used. Place the tmck under test on the platform,which is initially in the horizontal plane, sequentiallyin.the positions described in Table 1. For each of thetruck positions, the platform shall be tilted slowly andsmoothly to the slope indicated in Table 1.
5.1.2 Fixed Slope
Fixed slopes with inclinations equivalent to the specifiedtest slope shall be used. The slope surface shall besmooth and capable of supporting the truck weightwithout deformation likely to affect the test results.Drive the truck under test onto the fixed slope with
.
Is 14945:2001
the mast lowered and position it according to Table 3.For each of the laden truck positions, the load shallbe elevated slowly andsmoothly to the height indicatedin Table 1.
5.1.3 Calculation
Compliancewiththespecif~dvalues maybe determinedby calculation. Such calculated capacities must allowfor manufacturing tolerances, #ossible deflectionsofthe mast, tyres, etc.
S.1.4 Completion of Test
The truck is considered stable if it passes all requiredtests without overturning (see 6). For tests Nos. 1,2and 3, the overturning value of the test slope is thatwhich, if increased,wouldproducecompleteoverturningof the truck. For test No.4, the overturning value isreachedwhen a wheel loses contactwith the test slope.
5.2 Test Conditions
Prevailing winds shall not have any significant effecton the test results. For test No. 3, it is permissible forthe load wheels on one side of the truckto lose conthctwith the slope and for parts of the structureor otherdesigned features to make contact with the test slope.
5.2.1 Condition of the Truck
The tests shall be carried out with the truckready foruse without an operator.Fuel tanks of engined trucksshall be full if stability is thereby reduced; all othertanks shall be filled to their correct operating levels.The load-carryingmeans shall be fully equipped withany protective or supplementary Iitting apparatusasincludedintherating.Themastorfti arms,if adjustablefor tilt, shall be positioned in accordance withTable 1. Where applicable, tyres shall be inflated tothe pressurespecified by the manufacturer,andwheretyre ballast is permitted it shall be used in accordancewith the manufacturer’s instructions.
5.2.2. Vertjicationof Verticalip of the Ll@of the Load- ... .;engaging Means ,)
Before proceeding with Test No. 1, the verticality ofthe lift of load-engaging means shall be verified by
i
f:,means of a plumb-line or other suitable equipment.
,,,,
Elevate the load-engaging means and the specifiedtestloadtoapproximatdy300 mmabovethetestpiatfii. \
Establisha point E ( see Fig. 1 ) on the Ioad-enagagingmeans.This pointE shallbe usedto providea referencedatum,F, on the test platform ( see Fig. 1). When themast is elevated, a new point F, on the test platformoccurs(see Fig.2). By theadjusbnentsdescribedbelowthisnew pointF1canbe returnedto theoriginallocationof F( see Fig. 3 ).
5.2.2.1 For trucks with tiltable masts, changes in thelocation of F, shall be corrected by varying the tilt ofthe mast with the limits of the truck design.
Fortests simulating travel, the centre of gravity of thetest load shall be positioned 2300 mm above the pointof maximumdepressionof the operator’sseat cushion.These tests shall not apply where it is not necessaryto elevate the container to obtain adequate visibilityin the direction of travel [ for example, high-leveloperatorpositionordrhing inreverse( freightcontainertrailing) ].
5.3 Effect of the Operator’s Mass on Stability
The operator on rider-controlled trucks shall be
n
F
.,.
FIG. 1 VERWICATIONOFVERTICALITY
2
._&I_
Is 14945:2001
F1 F
FIG. 2 VERIFICATIONOFVERTICALITY
“..y.
F
FIG. 3 VERIFICATIONOFVERTICALITY
3
----- ------Is 14945: Zuul
represented by a weight of mass 90 kg if the stabilityduring a test is thereby decreased. The weight shallbe secured with its centre of gravity 250 mm abovethe operator’s seat when in the compressed condition.
5.4 Location of the Truck on the Test Slope
The specified position of the truck on the test slopeshall be maintained during each test. Wheel rotationshall be prevented by application of the parking brakeor service brakes, which may be secured in the ‘on’position. Additionally, the wheels may be wedgedagainst the truck frame but in such a way that any axle/frame articulation not affected. Blocks (chocks) havinga maximum height of 80 mm may be used, if necessary,to maintain the initial position of the truck on the fes$platform. Blocks (chclcks),If used, shall not artificiallyimprove stability.
5.5 Test Load
5.5.1 General
The test load shall consist of a basic load correspondingto the mass of the freight container, and a load or forcesimulating the effect of wind on the container.
5.5.2 Basic Load
5.5.2.1 The basic test load shall be equivalent to a2.590 m high container in either the laden or unladencondition with its centre of gravity, G, acting at itscentroid ( see Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 ).
5.5.2.2 When using fork arms, the basic test load shallbe positioned using the container fork pockets withone side of the load touching the front face of the forkshank (see Fig. 4). When using other handling meanssuch as a top lifi or side litl spreader, the position ofthe centre of gravity, G, shall be determined by the
5
FIG.4 POSITIONOFBASIC TEST LOADUSINGFORKARM
5
FIG.5 POSITIONOFBASIC TEST LOAD USING OTHER
THANFORKARM
connection points to the test load ( for example twistlocksinto the corner fittings ) ( see Fig. 5 ).
5.5.2.3 Where the handling means has positionaladjustment capability lateral to the truck centreline,the lateral adjustment shall beat its midpoint. Wherehandling means has positional adjustment capabilityin the direction of the truck longitudinal centreline,other than mast tilt, the test shall be carried out at bothextremes of adjustment. The mass of the basic test loadshall be equivalent to the rated load, Q, specified bythe truck manufacturer; This takes into account thenormal degree.of eccentric loading of laden containers.
5.5.3 Wind Force
5.5.3.1 Longitudinal tests
For the longitudinal tests, the critical wind force actingon the freight container is calculated by the followingformula
:,‘where
F=
k=h ,=
1=
v=
Cfl .
F = khlv2C~1 ... 1
wind force, in newtons;
0.613 (in N.s2/m4);
freight container height (2.59 m);
freight container length, in metres;
wind speed [12.2 m/s ( BeaufortScale 6)]; and
shape coefficient (1.3).
NOTE — Reference sources ( for example, crane andbuilding standards ) confirm that a value of 1.3 for Cr[ isappropriate for wind acting in a direction normal to thelongitudinal axis of freight containers.
+
/
.
4
..LJ-
1s 14945:2001 4
The effect of this force can be simulated in the testsby one of the following methods:
a) By applying this force in the direction oflongitudinal forward overturn actinghorizontally through the centre gravity of thetest load; or
b) By applying avertical load, in addition to thetest load, giving an equivalent moment to thewind force acting when the slope is at therequired tilt angle as specified in Table 1.
5.5.3.2 Lateral tests,,
The effect of wind in lateral stability tests has beenshown to be significant oniy when stacking emptycontainer:. For the Iaterai tests, the critical wind force,F’,acting on the container is calculated by the followingformula (see also Fig. 6):
F = kv2Cnh (1 sin a + w cos a) ... 2
where
w= container width =2.44m;
Cfl= shape coefficient =0.8; and
a = angle of lateral tipping axis relative to thelongitudinal axis of the truciGin degrees; andthe other symbols are as in equation(1).
NOTE — Reference sources ( for example, crane andbuilding standards ) confirm that a value of 0.8 for Cmisappropriate for a wind acting in a direction normal tothe lateral tipping axis of a freight-container-handlingcounterbalanced truck.
f’The effect of this force can be simulated in the testsby one of the following methods:
PARALLEL~I
F—
hi \B
FIG. 6 LATERALSTABILITYTEST
I
11
1ttI
I1I1I
I11
I11tt1t1t#
i
a) by applying this force in a direction normalto the lateral tipping axis of the truckhorizontally through the centre of gravity ofthe test load; or
b) by applying a vertical load, in addition to thetest load, giving an equivalent moment to thewind force acting when the slope is at therequired tilt angle as specified in Table 1.
5.6 Safety Precautions
5.6.1Precautions shall be taken to prevent the operationoverturning of the truck or displacement of the testload during the tests. Where lashings are used to preventthe truck overturning completely, they shall besufficiently flexible and arranged with sutlicient slackso that no appreciable restriction is imposed on thetruck until the overturning movements starts.
5.6.2 Displacement of the test load shall be preventedby such means as:
a) fmly securing the test load to the load carrie~and
b) suspending the test load near the ground bya rope, chain, etc, in such a manner that theupper end of the suspension means acts atthe point G where the centre of gravity of afixed test load would otherwise be located.
6 TEST PROCEDURE
6.1 The truck shall be positioned in accordance withTable 1 (Figs. 7,8,9,10,11 and 12 ). Lateral tests shallbe conducted to that side of the truck which is leaststable. Point N is the centre point of the area of contactbetween the slope surface and the load wheel nearestto the axis XY ( see Fig. 12). Outrigger wheels are notclassed as load wheels for this purpose.
6.2 For trucks with articulating steering axle ( seeFig. 12), point M is defined as the vertical projectiononto the slope of point of the intersection betweenthe centre plane All of the truck and the centreline ofthe axle.
7 SCHEDULE OF TESTS
7.1 For all trucks, additional stability tests as shownby a“’plus’ sign in the Table 2 shall be made, based onstandard wind speed as specified in 4.1 (a) or a higherwind speed in accordance with 4.1 (b).
7.2 For trucks which also operate under the conditionsdescribed in 4.1 (c), additional stability tests as shownby a ‘plus’ sign in the Table 3 shall be made.
Test Number Tests for Longitudinal Stability Tests for Latersl Stability
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
est of stability Stacking Traveling Stacking Traveling
est load See 3.5 See 3.5 See 3.5 See 3.5
toad centre distance See 3.5 See 3.5 See 3.5 See 3.5
Ieight of centre of As specified by the 2300 mm above As specified by 2300 mm above,ravity of test load truck manufacturer operators compressed truck manufacturer operator’s compressed
seat cushion seat cushion
‘ilt of mast of fork arms Vertical Maximum backwards Maximum backwards Maximum back-wards
‘osition on test slope See figure 7 and 9 &e figure 8 and 9 See figures 10 and 12 See figures 11 and 12
nestslope 3.5 % 18% 6% 5+1.1 V,upto 20%m(see Notes I and 2)
NOTES
1 V, is normally the laden trucks maximum speed (km/h) but maybe a lower speed that will be specified by manufacturer,together with clear instructions on how the operator may conform to this advice.
2 No wheels may lose contact with the test slow in Test No. 4. nor may any part of the structure or other feature m;contact with the slope.
AB is tbe longitudinal centre plane of the truclGMN is the truck axis of original tilt;XY is the test slope axis.
‘I’est 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4
+ + + +
6
IS 14945:2001
.JJ-
FIG.7
B
-(
.-
FIG.8
:LOAD AXLE 1
1ITEER AXLE I I
IIII
3
tII#
..— --!-AIIII1IIIII
-JJ==iY
FIG.9
FIG.10
XY
,XY
FIG.11
N
4-------- ------------------------ -- -.PARALL~
PARALL@
FIG. 12
7
f ,.--—
.+Is 14945:2001
ANNEX A( Foreword)
COMMITTEECOMPOSITION
Industrial Trucks Sectional Committee, TED 24
Chairman
SHRI S. RAYCHOUDHARI
Members
SHRI D. B. SARDESAI
SHRI G. D. SAHAI (Alternate)
SHRI D. GANGOPADHYAY
SHRI N. K. MAHAWAR(Alternate)
SHRI H. A. DUMASIA
SHRI D. B. VIJAYAKAR(Alternate)
SHRI R. C. SHARMA
SHRI LOVE DEV RAJ (Alternate)
JOINTDIRECTORSTANDARDS
ASSISTANTDESIGNENGINJZER(Container) (Alternate)
SHRI D. B. JAIN
SHRI S. M. MUNJAL(Alternate)
SHRI GIRISHMALVIYA
SHRI S. J. BUCH(Alternate)
SHRI M. E. MADHUSUDAN
SHRI K. K. TIWARI(Alternate)
SHIU G. M. E. K. RAJ
SHIUS. B. MATHUR(Ahernate)
SHRI RAKESHCHAWLA
SHRI DHIRAJGUPTA(Alternate)
SHRI S. SHANKERNARAYAN
SHRI N. G. KAMATSATOSKAR(Alternate)
SHRIA. KONAR
SHRI N. S. NINDI
SHRIA. C. BHATTACHARYYA(Alternate)
SHRIA. K. HALDAR
SHRIV. P. SULAKHE
SHRI M. N. SRIVASTAVA(Alternate)
COL K. R. SJNGH
COL PARTHIBAN(Alternate)
SHRI N. A. KAMATH
SHRIV. RAMADOSS(Alternate)
SHRI RAW KUMAR
SHRIA. R. GULATJ,
Director & Head (TED)
Representing
Macneill Engineering Ltd, Kolkata
Voltas Ltd, Mumbai
Directorate General of Aeronautical Quality Assurance (DGAQA),Ministry of Defence, New Delhi
Godrej and Boyce Manufacturing Co Pvt Ltd, Mumbai
Ministry of Railways (Railways Board), New Delhi
Research,Designsand StandardsOrganization,Minsitry of Railways,Lucknow
DirectorateGeneral of Supplies and Disposals (DGS&D), New Delhi
Jest’s Engineering Co Ltd, Mumbai
DirectorateGeneral of TechnicalDevelopment(ManagementSupportSection), New Delhi
.,,Directorate General of Factory Advice, Mumbai
Escorts Construction and Equipment Ltd, Faridabad
Mumbai Port Trust, Mumbai
Kolkata Port Trust, Kolkata
Punjab Tractors Ltd, Chandigarh
Texmaco Ltd, Kolkata
Vehicle,Researchand DevelopmentEstt, Ministry of Defence (R&D)Ahmednagar
Ministry of Defence (DGQA)(E]/CQA& New Delhi
Chennai Port Trust, Chennai
INDITAL, Bangalore
Director General, BIS (Ex-officio Member)
,!
“k.”
,.
Member-Secretary
SHRI P. K. SHARMA
Joint Director, BIS
“8
Bureau of Indian Standards
BIS is a statutory institution established under thel?ureau ofhzdian Standards Act, 1986 to promoteharmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods andattending to connected matters in the country.
Copyright
BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications maybe reproduced in any form withoutthe prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free,use, in the course of implementing thestandard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating tocopyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.
Review of Indian Standards
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of com~ents. Standards are also reviewedperiodically; a standard along with amendments is retilrmed when such meviewindicates that no changes areneeded; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standardsshould ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issueof ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. TED 23 ( 766 ).
Amendments Issued Since Publication
Amend No. Date of Issue Text AfTected
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Headquarters:
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