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FORESTRY IN CANADAIs a big Renewable Natural resource business.
It has important products, jobs and environmental concerns
SUSTAINED YIELD
The Government “PLAN” is…….
Sustained Yield Forest Management
…… removing trees in such a way so that the forest is
able to fully renew itself.
ARE WE LOSING OUR FORESTS?1) The Provincial Government tells companies what they must do to be Sustainable.2) The PLAN is to keep environment healthy and make sure the forest grows back. 3) Companies are often much better than the ONCELERS in the LORAX story.
WHO OWNS THE FORESTS?Forests are owned by Provincial governments.
The Ministry of Natural resources is in-charge.
Private companies apply for forestry contracts to the Ministry.
THE MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES must ensure SUSTAINABILITY, PROFIT and a HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT
Is Ontario doing a good job looking after forests?
CHARLIE FARQUESON (comedian) asks the questionyoutube link to Ministry of Natural resources video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v4_Xt467x30
WHOSE LOOKIN AFTER MY FOREST AND HOWSE IT GOIN’
5 forest regions 1) BOREAL - is the largest REGION Produces mostly Pulp and Paper from
Coniferous trees (sometimes called softwood)
West Coast Forest Biggest Trees, Highest Productivity and highest
volume of wood per hectare. Has soil erosion problems and unique species issues. Many coniferous trees (normally called softwood) are
harder and can be used for EXPENSIVE furniture.
Montane Forest B.C. Interior Mountains. 2nd most
productive Big Producer of Softwood Lumber (#1
export) Dealing with major problem: Pine Bark
Beetle
Mixed Forest Region Located in Southern Ontario and the
Maritimes Major product of Hardwood for furniture,
Maple Sugar and hardwood flooring
…1 out of 16 jobs in Canada is related to forestry
350,000 are directly employed (around 6% of the workforce) … another 500,000 people work in businesses using or supplying to direct employees
…Its worth a lot of money
Revenue from Forest Products = 70 BILLION DOLLARS Value of Exports = 40 BILLION DOLLARS
Economics
Canada by the Numbers TOTAL Forest Area
of Canada = 1 Billion hectares (1,000 million)
Commerical Forest = 310 million hectares Forest Fires Area = 3 million
hectares /year Harvest Area = 2 million
hectares /yearin any one year
Area Planted = 0.5 million hectaresin any one year
HOW MUCH FOREST?What proportion do we
cut?
FORESTRY IN CANADALogging Methods
Clear Cutting Removes all of the trees Good for flat areas that naturally have
fires Remove Trees, Burn slash, spread the
ash, plant seedlings that can grow a new forest
Re-plant seedlings from selected stock that grow fast and large.
Shelterwood cutting Cut medium sized trees only Leave CANOPY (Shelter) intact to supply
natural seed and provide shelter from elements
Selective cutting Cut Old, Mature, diseased or desirable trees Seed can come from mid size trees that are
left
One unusual method is called Heli-Logging
Link http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uhb7XHUypJo
Pulp and Paper Quebec and Ontario are the top 2
provinces. Paper, cardboard, newsprint and raw wood pulp are the main products.
Canada is largest exporter of Pulp and Paper in the world. Softwood trees are processed.
Pulp mills are large!
Link http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snqrhKjIx0Q
Lumber Includes wood for furniture, floors and
building. This is can be softwood or hardwood. British Columbia is the largest Lumber
province.
Lumber
Link http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xemTjd-8QI8
Threats to the forest1) Acid Rain comes from industry and makes soil acidic. Trees grow poorly or die.This is a big problem in Ontario and Quebec
Threats to the forest2) Pests include, Spruce Budworm, Pine
Bark Beetle, Tent Caterpillar, and Gypsy Moth. Much money and effort is spent to stop tree losses. Some foresters argue that they remove less trees than what they have saved from pests.
Threats to the forest3) Fire destroys close to 3 million hectares per year. 50% of these are caused by people.
Rick Mercer explores forest fire fighting
Link http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1d7lgzA3fM
According to Canada’s living LORAX (Dr. Suzuki) ….One other threat to the forest is “Genetically
Engineered Trees”