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IS Infrastructure
Managing Infrastructure and Services
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Infrastructure• Definition:
– The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise
• For a city this would include:– Streets– Sewer– Water– Electricity
• Obviously the IT infrastructure would be a little different for an enterprise
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
What is IS Infrastructure?• Hardware• System software• Application software• Storage• Networking• Data centers • Never forget the people that run all
of these
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Hardware• Starts with the computer• These come in all sizes and
expenses– Personal to super
• See the next slide for a comparison table
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Sizes
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Software• System software is the program(s)
that allows use of a computer• Application software is what we
wanted to do with the computer in the first place
• We will see a subsequent presentation that looks at both of these
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Storage• The place where data is
permanently stored– Computer memory is volatile
• Typically includes– Rotating magnetic media– Magnetic tape– New kid on block is Solid State Drives
(SSD) and Storage Class Memory (SCM)
• Each of these have a range of costs and access speeds
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Networks• Communications mechanism that
requires:– Sender and receiver– Transmission pathway– Protocols (rules) for how the
communication must occur• Like human communication, the
message still has to be:– Formulated, encoded, transmitted,
received, decoded, and understood for communication to have taken place
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Sizes of Networks
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Type Usage SizePersonal area network (PAN)
Wireless communication between devices (Bluetooth)
Under 10 meters
Local area network (LAN)
Sharing of data, softwareapplications, and other resources between several users
Typically a building
Wide area network (WAN)
Connect multiple LANs, distributedownership and management
Large physical distance, up to worldwide
Internet• The Internet is one of several global
networks– Communicating smaller nets
• The Internet has standard protocols– TCP/IP among others
• Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol
• The Internet is based on internetworking, or combining networks to form larger networks– Routers copy messages from one
LAN/WAN to another
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
World Wide Web• The World Wide Web is one of many
things that uses the Internet– The World Wide Web is not the Internet
• The World Wide Web is– Web protocols (e.g., HTML and HTTP)– Web pages (documents containing
HTML )– Web servers (store and provide access
to Web pages via a Web site)– Web browsers (provide users with an
interface to Web pages)Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Names and Addresses• Usually we use a Universal
Resource Locator (URL) to find a web page
• The web browser broadcasts that name
• Any Data Name Server (DNS) will respond with an IP number – WWW.VCSU.EDU is 134.129.3.179
• The browser uses the IP number to contact the server in question– The IP could be used directly
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
URLs• Usually three pieces• The last one is the type of high level
domain– .GOV is government– .EDU is education– .ORG is (usually non-profit) organization– .COM is a business– There are many others
• Next to last is domain name• First is the host in domain
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Web Components• Interconnected networks• Clients request Web page hosted on
server• Server breaks into packets• Packets stream over internet to client• Client reassembles• Client can request retransmission of
any missing packets• Web browser translates Web page
into visible output
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Intranets and Extranets• Companies have confidential data
which needs to be shared on a limited basis
• Intranet: password-protected Web site designed for sharing within the company
• Extranet: password-protected Web site designed for sharing with select partners
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Data Centers• Where the computing and some
networking hardware is concentrated
• May be as small as a room in a building
• May be as big as a large warehouse– Thousands of servers and storage
• Centers facilitate security, easy upgrades or repairs and managing all of the equipment
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Conclusion• This is been a brief look at parts of
the information system infrastructure
• This included hardware, networks and data centers
• We next look at some of the fundamental pieces of software
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill