• For the balance of the term we will focus on the fossil fuels, in particular, oil products.

• First we will watch a significant portion of the video “Who Killed the Electric Car” starting today.

• Due for next class read in Chapter 19 pages 528 – 538 stopping at We drill to extract oil.

• Your exam will include all material on chapter 19 we cover. Friday we will begin to cover chapter 19. We have been reviewing for the AP exam and with the seniors so you should be set.

Is oil that important?

• The National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska (NPR–A)– Supposed to remain untapped unless the nation faces an

emergency – Open ecologically sensitive areas for drilling in 2006

• Prudhoe Bay consists of state lands that are drilled for oil– Which is transported via the trans-Alaska pipeline to the

port of Valdez• The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) – Federal land set aside for wildlife and to preserve pristine

ecosystems– It has been called the “Serengeti of North America”

The three regions of Alaska’s North Slope

• Alaska’s North SlopeNew Material

• Electricity = a secondary form of energy that is easy to transfer and apply to a variety of uses

Fossil Fuel use

New Material• Fossil fuels were formed

from organisms that lived 100–500 million years ago

• Aerobic decomposition = organic material is broken down and recycled in the presence of air

• Anaerobic decomposition = occurs with little or no air– Deep lakes, swamps

New Material

• How long a nation’s reserves will last depends on how much the nation extracts, uses, exports, and imports

• Nearly 67% of the world’s proven reserves of crude oil lie in the Middle East– Russia holds the most natural gas– The U.S. possesses more coal than any other country

• People in developed regions consume far more energy than those in developing nations

New Material

• The U.S. has 4.5% of the population but uses 20% of the world’s energy

• Net energy = the difference between energy returned and energy invested– Net energy = energy returned – energy invested

• Coal = organic matter (woody plant material) – Compressed under very high pressure in swamps to

form dense, solid carbon structures• The world’s most abundant fossil fuel– Created 300–400 million years ago

New Material

• It has sulfur, mercury, arsenic, and other trace metals

• The sulfur content depends on whether coal was formed in salt water or freshwater– Coal in the eastern U.S. is high in sulfur because it

was formed in marine sediments