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Is there a way for these Is there a way for these electronegative non-metals to electronegative non-metals to
stabilize?stabilize?
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What would you say to What would you say to two selfish kids two selfish kids
fighting over the same fighting over the same toy?toy?
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What’s the Word?What’s the Word?
• The result from two non-The result from two non-metals sharing electrons.metals sharing electrons.
C O V A L E N TC O V A L E N TB O N DB O N D
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SHARING ELECTRONSSHARING ELECTRONS
• Non-metals can and will share Non-metals can and will share electrons in order to stabilize.electrons in order to stabilize.
• Sharing electronsSharing electrons is called a is called aCovalent BondCovalent Bond.. Play Sharing
Video
PlayCovalentBonding
Part 1
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Hydrogen can share 1 electronHydrogen can share 1 electronwith itself to stabilize.with itself to stabilize.
1 P1 P1 N1 N
1 P1 P1 N1 N
H2H2
HHHH
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Fluorine can share 1 electronFluorine can share 1 electronwith itself to stabilize.with itself to stabilize.
9 P9 P10 N10 N
9 P9 P10 N10 N
FF FF
F2F2
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17 P17 P18 N18 N
Chlorine can share 1 electronChlorine can share 1 electronwith itself to stabilize.with itself to stabilize.
17 P17 P18 N18 N
ClClClCl
Cl2Cl2
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35 P35 P45 N45 N
Bromine can share 1 electronBromine can share 1 electronwith itself to stabilize.with itself to stabilize.
35 P35 P45 N45 N
BrBr BrBr
Br2Br2
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53P53P74N74N
Iodine can share 1 electronIodine can share 1 electronwith itself to stabilize.with itself to stabilize.
53P53P74N74N
II II
I2I2
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Oxygen can share 2 electronsOxygen can share 2 electronswith itself to stabilize.with itself to stabilize.
8 P8 P8 N8 N
8 P8 P8 N8 N
OO OO
O2O2
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Nitrogen can share 3 electronsNitrogen can share 3 electronswith itself to stabilize.with itself to stabilize.
7 P7 P7 N7 N
7 P7 P7 N7 N
NN NN
N2N2
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What’s the Word?What’s the Word?
• Non-metalsNon-metals that will pair up that will pair upand share electrons with and share electrons with themselves, in order to stabilize.themselves, in order to stabilize.
D I A T O M I CD I A T O M I CM O L E C U L EM O L E C U L E
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Did You Get It?Did You Get It?
• The result from a The result from a metalmetal giving giving electrons to a electrons to a non-metalnon-metal..
COVALENTCOVALENTBONDBOND
IONICIONICBONDBOND
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Did You Get It?Did You Get It?
• The result from a The result from a non-metalsnon-metals sharing electrons.sharing electrons.
COVALENTCOVALENTBONDBOND
IONICIONICBONDBOND
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DIDIATOMIC MOLECULESATOMIC MOLECULES
• ‘‘Two-Atom’ MoleculesTwo-Atom’ Molecules
• Non-metalsNon-metals that will pair up and that will pair up and share electrons with themselves in share electrons with themselves in order to temporarily stabilize.order to temporarily stabilize.
• SHARE 1: HSHARE 1: H22 F F2 2 ClCl22 Br Br22 I I22
• SHARE 2: OSHARE 2: O22
• SHARE 3: NSHARE 3: N22I Share Electrons
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DIDIATOMIC MOLECULESATOMIC MOLECULES
• Create a pneumonic thatCreate a pneumonic thathelps you remember the list.helps you remember the list.
•H F C B I H F C B I OO NN• HHydrogen ydrogen FFeels eels CComplete omplete BBecause ecause IIt’s t’s OOften ften NNice. ice.
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DIDIATOMIC MOLECULESATOMIC MOLECULES
• Create a pneumonic thatCreate a pneumonic thathelps you remember the list.helps you remember the list.
•H F C B I H F C B I OO NN• HHot ot FFemales emales CCripple ripple BBoys’ oys’ IInternal nternal OOptic ptic NNerves. erves.
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DIDIATOMIC MOLECULESATOMIC MOLECULES
• Create a pneumonic thatCreate a pneumonic thathelps you remember the list.helps you remember the list.
•NN F H I C F H I C O O BB• NNever ever FFear, ear, HHaveaveIIce ce CCOOld ld BBeer!eer!
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DIDIATOMIC MOLECULESATOMIC MOLECULES
• Create your own pneumonic thatCreate your own pneumonic thathelps you remember the list.helps you remember the list.
H F C B I H F C B I OO NN
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LEWIS DOT DIAGRAMLEWIS DOT DIAGRAM
HHHHBALL & STICK MODELBALL & STICK MODEL
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Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
How would these two non-metalsHow would these two non-metalsshare to stabilize?share to stabilize?
I Share ElectronsI Share Electrons
Covalent Bonding Part 2Covalent Bonding Part 2
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Virtual Lab #2Virtual Lab #2Build a Covalent MoleculeBuild a Covalent Molecule
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COVALENT MOLECULE POSTERSCOVALENT MOLECULE POSTERS
• Read the information sheet about your molecule.
• Highlight important details about the molecule.
• Annotate those details on the side or at the bottom.
• Read the information sheet about your molecule.
• Highlight important details about the molecule.
• Annotate those details on the side or at the bottom.
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COVALENT MOLECULE POSTERSCOVALENT MOLECULE POSTERS
• Use the beans and cards to create the Lewis Dot Diagram
• Use the marshmallows and toothpicks to create the Ball and Stick model.
• Write your script for your presentation.
• I will do polarity with you.
• Use the beans and cards to create the Lewis Dot Diagram
• Use the marshmallows and toothpicks to create the Ball and Stick model.
• Write your script for your presentation.
• I will do polarity with you.
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
COVALENT MOLECULE POSTERSCOVALENT MOLECULE POSTERS
• Names and formula• Ball and Stick Model• Lewis Dot Diagram• Interesting Facts• How you make it• Its polarity (stickiness)
• Names and formula• Ball and Stick Model• Lewis Dot Diagram• Interesting Facts• How you make it• Its polarity (stickiness)
LaunchPolarity
Simulator
LaunchShape
Simulator
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Thursday 10/17Thursday 10/17
• No Warm Up Today• Get your posters and get
ready to present!
• No Warm Up Today• Get your posters and get
ready to present!
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RememberRemember
• Covalent MoleculesCovalent Molecules are formed are formed when when non-metalsnon-metals shareshare their their valence electrons in order to valence electrons in order to bond with each other, stabilize, bond with each other, stabilize, and make a molecule.and make a molecule.
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Hydrogen Cyanide, HCNHydrogen Cyanide, HCN
22CHCH44+ + 22NHNH33+ + 33OO2 2 → → 22HCN + HCN + 66HH22OO
LaunchPolarity
Simulator
LaunchShape
Simulator
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NNCC
Hydrogen Cyanide, HCNHydrogen Cyanide, HCNLewis Dot DiagramLewis Dot Diagram
I NEED 4!
HH
I NEED 3!
I NEED 1!
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NNCC
Hydrogen Cyanide, HCNHydrogen Cyanide, HCNLewis Dot DiagramLewis Dot Diagram
HH
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Hydrogen Cyanide, HCNHydrogen Cyanide, HCNBall & Stick ModelBall & Stick Model
H NC
Linear ShapeLinear Shape
1 Single & 1 Triple Bond1 Single & 1 Triple Bond
LaunchPolarity
Simulator
LaunchShape
Simulator
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Hydrogen Cyanide, HCNHydrogen Cyanide, HCNHow To Make ItHow To Make It
22CHCH44+ + 22NHNH33+ + 33OO2 2 → → 22HCN + HCN + 66HH22OO
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Carbon Dioxide, COCarbon Dioxide, CO22
CC66HH1212OO6 6 + + 66OO22 → → 66HH22O + O + 66COCO22
NON-POLARNON-POLAR
LaunchPolarity
Simulator
LaunchShape
Simulator
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OOCC
Carbon Dioxide, COCarbon Dioxide, CO22
Lewis Dot DiagramLewis Dot Diagram
I NEED 4!
OO
I NEED 2!
I NEED 2!
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OO CC
Carbon Dioxide, COCarbon Dioxide, CO22
Lewis Dot DiagramLewis Dot Diagram
OO
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O OC
Carbon Dioxide, COCarbon Dioxide, CO22
Ball & Stick ModelBall & Stick Model
Linear ShapeLinear Shape
2 Double Bonds2 Double Bonds
NON-POLARNON-POLAR
LaunchPolarity
Simulator
LaunchShape
Simulator
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Carbon Dioxide, COCarbon Dioxide, CO22
How To Make ItHow To Make It
CC66HH1212OO6 6 + + 66OO22 → → 66HH22O + O + 66COCO22
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Dihydrogen Oxide, HDihydrogen Oxide, H22OO
22HH2 2 + O+ O2 2 + energy → + energy → 22HH22O + heatO + heat
LaunchPolarity
Simulator
LaunchShape
Simulator
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OO
Dihydrogen Oxide, HDihydrogen Oxide, H22OO
Lewis Dot DiagramLewis Dot Diagram
I NEED 2!
I NEED 1!
HHI NEED 1!
HH
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OO
Dihydrogen Oxide, HDihydrogen Oxide, H22OO
Lewis Dot DiagramLewis Dot Diagram
HHHH
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Dihydrogen Oxide, HDihydrogen Oxide, H22OO
Ball & Stick ModelBall & Stick Model
H HO
2 Single Bonds2 Single Bonds Bent ShapeBent Shape
LaunchPolarity
Simulator
LaunchShape
Simulator
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Dihydrogen Oxide, HDihydrogen Oxide, H22OO
How To Make ItHow To Make It
22HH2 2 + O+ O2 2 + energy → + energy → 22HH22O + heatO + heat
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This happens because water is polar (sticky)!
This happens because water is polar (sticky)!
PLAYEXPLANATION
VIDEO
PLAYSTICKY WATER
VIDEO
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PolarityPolarity
A molecule is A molecule is POLAR POLAR (sticky) when the (sticky) when the electrons aren’t unevenly distributed electrons aren’t unevenly distributed around the molecule.around the molecule.
This make one side This make one side slightly positiveslightly positive and and the other side is the other side is slightly negativeslightly negative..
δ+δ+
δ-
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Sulfur dioxide, SOSulfur dioxide, SO22
HgS + OHgS + O22→ Hg + SO→ Hg + SO22
LaunchPolarity
Simulator
LaunchShape
Simulator
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SS
Sulfur dioxide, SOSulfur dioxide, SO22
Lewis Dot DiagramLewis Dot Diagram
I NEED 2!
OO
OO
I NEED 2!
I NEED 2!
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SS
Sulfur dioxide, SOSulfur dioxide, SO22
Lewis Dot DiagramLewis Dot Diagram
OO
OO
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Sulfur dioxide, SOSulfur dioxide, SO22
Ball & Stick ModelBall & Stick Model
O OS
2 Double Bonds2 Double Bonds Bent ShapeBent Shape
LaunchPolarity
Simulator
LaunchShape
Simulator
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Sulfur dioxide, SOSulfur dioxide, SO22
How To Make ItHow To Make It
HgS + OHgS + O22→ Hg + SO→ Hg + SO22
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Nitrogen Trihydride, NHNitrogen Trihydride, NH33
33HH22 + N + N22 → → 22NHNH33
LaunchPolarity
Simulator
LaunchShape
Simulator
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Nitrogen Trihydride, NHNitrogen Trihydride, NH33
Lewis Dot DiagramLewis Dot Diagram
I NEED 3!
I NEED 1!
HHI NEED 1!
HHNN I NEED 1! HH
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Nitrogen Trihydride, NHNitrogen Trihydride, NH33
Lewis Dot DiagramLewis Dot Diagram
HHHHNNHH
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Nitrogen Trihydride, NHNitrogen Trihydride, NH33
Ball & Stick ModelBall & Stick Model
H HN
H3 Single Bonds3 Single Bonds Pyramidal ShapePyramidal Shape
LaunchPolarity
Simulator
LaunchShape
Simulator
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Nitrogen Trihydride, NHNitrogen Trihydride, NH33
How To Make ItHow To Make It
33HH22 + N + N22 → → 22NHNH33
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Phosphorus Tribromide, PBrPhosphorus Tribromide, PBr33
22P + P + 33BrBr2 2 → → 22PBrPBr33
LaunchPolarity
Simulator
LaunchShape
Simulator
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Phosphorus Tribromide, PBrPhosphorus Tribromide, PBr33
Lewis Dot DiagramLewis Dot Diagram
I NEED 3!
I NEED 1!
BrBrI NEED 1!
BrBrPP I NEED 1! BrBr
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Phosphorus Tribromide, PBrPhosphorus Tribromide, PBr33
Lewis Dot DiagramLewis Dot Diagram
BrBrPPBrBrBrBr
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Phosphorus Tribromide, PBrPhosphorus Tribromide, PBr33
Ball & Stick ModelBall & Stick Model
Br BrP
Br3 Single Bonds3 Single Bonds Pyramidal ShapePyramidal Shape
LaunchPolarity
Simulator
LaunchShape
Simulator
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Phosphorus Tribromide, PBrPhosphorus Tribromide, PBr33
How To Make ItHow To Make It
22P + P + 33BrBr2 2 → → 22PBrPBr33
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Carbon Tetrahydride, CHCarbon Tetrahydride, CH44
CO + CO + 33HH22 → CH → CH44 + H + H22OO
NON-POLARNON-POLAR
LaunchPolarity
Simulator
LaunchShape
Simulator
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CC
Carbon Tetrahydride, CHCarbon Tetrahydride, CH44
Lewis Dot DiagramLewis Dot Diagram
I NEED 4!
I NEED 1!
HHI NEED 1!
HHI NEED 1! HHI NEED 1! HH
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CC
Carbon Tetrahydride, CHCarbon Tetrahydride, CH44
Lewis Dot DiagramLewis Dot Diagram
HHHH
HH
HH
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Carbon Tetrahydride, CHCarbon Tetrahydride, CH44
Ball & Stick ModelBall & Stick ModelH
HH
CH
4 Single Bonds4 Single Bonds Tetrahedral ShapeTetrahedral Shape
LaunchPolarity
Simulator
LaunchShape
Simulator
NON-POLARNON-POLAR
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Carbon Tetrahydride, CHCarbon Tetrahydride, CH44
How To Make ItHow To Make It
CO + CO + 33HH22 → CH → CH44 + H + H22OO
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Carbon Tetrachloride, CClCarbon Tetrachloride, CCl44
CHCH4 4 + + 44ClCl2 2 → CCl→ CCl4 4 + + 44HClHCl
NON-POLARNON-POLAR
LaunchPolarity
Simulator
LaunchShape
Simulator
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CC
Carbon Tetrachloride, CClCarbon Tetrachloride, CCl44
Lewis Dot DiagramLewis Dot Diagram
I NEED 4!
I NEED 1!
ClClI NEED 1!
I NEED 1! ClClI NEED 1! ClCl
ClCl
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CC
Carbon Tetrachloride, CClCarbon Tetrachloride, CCl44
Lewis Dot DiagramLewis Dot Diagram
ClClClCl
ClCl
ClCl
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Carbon Tetrachloride, CClCarbon Tetrachloride, CCl44
Ball & Stick ModelBall & Stick ModelCl
ClCl
CCl
4 Single Bonds4 Single Bonds Tetrahedral ShapeTetrahedral Shape
LaunchPolarity
Simulator
LaunchShape
Simulator
NON-POLARNON-POLAR
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Carbon Tetrachloride, CClCarbon Tetrachloride, CCl44
How To Make ItHow To Make It
CHCH4 4 + + 44ClCl2 2 → CCl→ CCl4 4 + + 44HClHCl
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Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
LESSON SUMMARYLESSON SUMMARY
Identify the Idea.Identify the Idea.The concept we learned in chemistry today The concept we learned in chemistry today was __________, which is…was __________, which is…
Give a example of the idea.Give a example of the idea.For instance, _____ is a good example of For instance, _____ is a good example of conceptconcept is is exampleexample because… because…
Explain additional details of your example.Explain additional details of your example.Furthermore, Furthermore, exampleexample shows shows details details because it demonstrates…because it demonstrates…