ISHIKAWA’S BASIC SEVEN TOOLS OF
QUALITY
Merve Gündüz – 2017800265
Process Map
▪ Graphic representation of a process
▪ introduced by Frank Gilbreth to members of ASME in 1921 as the presentation “Process Charts—First Steps in Finding the One Best Way”
▪ Main purpose is to assist organizations in becoming more effective.
▪ Converts the inputs, steps, functions, and outflows of a process to morefully understand how the process works.
▪ International Organization for Standardization or ISO 9001 : 2015 encourages a process approach to quality management. It is important to understand how each process relates to other processes within the organization and how those interactions impact Quality Management
Major Steps in Process Map
1. Process identification - identify objectives, scope, players and work areas.
2. Information gathering - gather process facts (what, who, where, when) from the people who do the work.
3. Process Mapping - convert facts into a process map.
4. Analysis - work through the map, challenging each step (what-why?, who-why?, where-why?, when-why?, how-why?)
5. Develop/Install New Methods - eliminate unnecessary work, combine steps, rearrange steps, add new steps where necessary
6. Manage process - maintain process map in library, review routinely, and monitor process for changes
Process mapping is capable of supporting several important business goals:
▪ Business process improvement
▪ Training
▪ Process / workflow clarification
▪ Regulatory compliance
▪ Internal audit
▪ Role clarity (RACI)
Process Map
Process
AlternateProcess
Decision
Input/Output
DocumentStart/Stop
Inspection
Delay
PredefinedProcess
Storage
MultipleDocument
Preparation
Manuel Operation
Manuel Input
Flow Line
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7g8vWv11Vk&t=188s
Cause and Effect Diagram
▪ Also known as Fishbone Diagrams, Ishikawa Diagrams, HerringboneDiagrams, and Fishikawa Diagrams
▪ Devised by professor Kaoru Ishikawa, a pioneer of quality management, in the 1960s. The technique was then published in his 1990 book, "Introduction to Quality Control."
▪ Identifies many possible causes for an effect or problem. It can be used to structure a brainstorming session. It immediately sorts ideas into useful categories.
How to Use the Tool?
▪ Step 1: Identify the Problem
▪ Step 2: Work Out the Major Factors Involved
▪ Step 3: Identify Possible Causes
▪ Step 4: Analyze Your Diagram
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GlK-putpPAM&t=52s
What is Check Sheet?
▪ Check sheet is an easy to use form used to collect required data systematically and in simplest manner.
▪ Check sheet is a format used as an aid in assembling, compiling andanalyzing data.
▪ The purpose of the check sheet is to make it easy to collect data forspecific purposes and to present it in a way that facilitates conversionfrom data to useful information.
When to Use Check Sheets?
▪ When the data can be observed and collected repeatedly by eitherthe same person or the same location.
▪ When collecting data on frequengy and identifying patterns of events, problems, defects, and defect location, and for identifyingdefect causes.
▪ When data is to be recorded manually.
▪ When the recording involves counting, classifying, checking orlocating.
▪ When it is useful to chech each measurement.
▪ When it is useful to see the distribution of measures.
Advantages of Check Sheets
▪ Effective way of displaying data
▪ Easy to use
▪ Can identify the root cause of a problem
▪ First step in the construction of other graphical tools.
▪ Provides a structure for uniform data collection
▪ Can be used to substantiate or refute allegations.
Types of Check Sheets
▪ Production process distribution check sheets
▪ Defective item check sheets
▪ Defect location check sheets.
▪ Defect cause check sheets
▪ Check-up confirmation check sheets
Defect Cause Check Sheet Example
Defective Item Check Sheet