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Islam IdentificationsMuslim: person who follows Islam
Ka’aba: Islam’s holiest shrine – located in Mecca – Arabic for cube
Qu’ran: secret text, holy book of Islam
Mecca: birth place of Islam, holiest city, Saudi Arabia
Mosque: Muslim house of worship
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Islam IdentificationsAllah: Arabic for God same as J and C
Medina: first Islamic community, 2nd Holy city, Muhammad gains political and religious power
Hejira: 622 – Muhammad’s journey from Mecca to Medina; marks first expansion of Islam
Jerusalem: 3rd Holiest city to Islam – Dome of the Rock
Islam Identifications2. What does Islam mean?
Islam means to “submission.” In this case, to God
3. Identify and explain the Five Pillars of Islam.
1. Declaration of Faith
2. Prayer: 5 times per day: must face Mecca
3. Charity: must help the poor and the old
4. Fasting: during the month of Ramadan: sun-up to sun-down:
5. Pilgrimage (Hajj): must visit Mecca once in their life
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ArabiaThese Arab people were pagans, meaning they worshipped many gods.
The center of Arabic pagan worship was in a town called Mecca.
Pilgrims would travel to Mecca to worship the Kaaba
The Kaaba: sacred shine that housed images of all the Arab gods. Also contained a black stone-probably a meteorite, which the Arabs thought was sent from heaven
Muhammad: Founder of Islam
Muhammad was born in Mecca about 570.
His parents died when he was very young, but he was sent to live with his uncle, who was a Bedouin tribesman, even before they died.
Muhammad became a merchant.
When he was 25, he met a wealthy widow named Khadija, and married her.
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Muhammad: Founder of Islam
Muhammad was always a very religious person.
When he was around 40 years old, the Angel Gabriel spoke to him, saying that God had chosen him as his Prophet.
Muhammad’s duty was to proclaim that God, or Allah, was the one and only God.
The QuranMuhammad memorized, word for word, everything the Angel Gabriel spoke to him. It was eventually written down by scribes.
These writings are known as the Quran.
Quran means “recitation.”
it is the holy book for Muslims, containing guidance in all matters
The HejiraMuhammad began to speak about this new religion to the Arab tribespeople around Mecca.
Some began to follow him. Others did not like his message, and plotted to kill both him and his followers.
In 622, Muhammad and his followers fled from Mecca to Yathrib, a town to the north. This journey was known as the hejira.
Yathrib was later renamed Medina, which means “City of the Prophet.”
The New ReligionIn 630, Muhammad returned to Mecca with a large army, and defeated his enemies.
Muhammad smashed all of the pagan statues around the Kaaba.
Islam became the new religion, and Mecca was its birthplace.
Islam literally means “submission,” in this case, to God.
Five Pillars of Islam
Declaration of Faith (Shahada)
“There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is His Prophet.”
Prayers (Salah) 5 X/day: face Mecca
Charity (Sawm): give to the old & poor
Fasting (Zakat): during Ramadan
Pilgrimage (Hajj): must complete a pilgrimage to Mecca
Duty of all Muslims:
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RAMADANMuslims observe the month of Ramadan, which is either 29 or 30 days, by fasting from sun-up to sundown.
This means no food OR water until dark!
Muslims mark the end of Ramadan with a holiday called Eid ul-Fitr, during which they end their fast.
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Islam, Judaism, & Christianity
Muhammad recognized Jews and Christians as “People of the Book.”
Hebrew Bible and Christian New Testament were sacred
Believed that they had been “corrupted” over time, however
Similarities with Christianity and Judaism
Universality of Humankind
Along with Judaism and Christianity, Islam emphasizes the dignity and equality of humankind:
“No Arab has any superiority over a non-Arab…Nor does a white man have any superiority over a black man, or the black man any superiority over the white man. You are all the children of Adam, and Adam was created from clay.”
Similarities with Christianity and Judaism
Belief in an Afterlife
Along with Jews and Christians, Muslims believe that we will be held accountable for our actions in the next life:
“We shall set up scales of justice for the day of Judgment, so that not a soul will be dealt with unjustly in the least.”
Islamic Law
All of the teachings and sayings of Muhammad which did not come directly from God are recorded in the Hadith
Together with the Quran, these two texts form the basis of Islamic law, known as Shariah
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Concept of Jihad
The term jihad appears in the Quran 41 times
Its main meaning refers to an inner struggle by the individual Muslim to fulfill his/her religious duties, and live their lives according to God’s plan
Another meaning of jihad is an outward, physical, violent struggle against the enemies of Islam
This second meaning is misunderstood by both Muslims and Christians
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Concept of Jihad
According the the Quran:
”You may fight “in the cause of God” against those who attack you, but do not aggress. God does not love the aggressors.” 2:190
This directive has often been misinterpreted as sanctioning “Holy War.”
Halal
Halal
Any meat which is slaughtered for consumption must be done so in the correct way, invoking the name of God.
The eating of pork is strictly forbidden by Muslims.
The Quran also outlaws alcohol.
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Comparison of Statistics and Basics
Islam Judaism Christianity
adherents called Muslims Jews Christians
current adherents 1.3 billion 14 million 2 billion
current size rank 2nd largest 12th largest largest
major concentration
Middle East, Southeast Asia
Israel, Europe, USA
Europe, North and South America, rapid
growth in Africa
sacred text Qur'an (Koran) BibleBible (Jewish Bible +
New Testament)
other written authority
HadithTalmud, Midrash,
Responsa
church fathers, church councils, papal decrees
(Catholic only)
religious law Sharia Halakhah Canon Law
clergy imams rabbispriests, ministers, pastors, bishops
house of worship mosque synagoguechurch, chapel,
cathedral
main day of worship
Friday Saturday Sunday
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Comparison of Origins and History
Islam Judaism Christianity
date founded 622 CE unknown c. 33 CE
place founded Saudi Arabia Palestine (def) Palestine
founder MuhammadMoses or Abraham
Jesus
original language(s)
Arabic Hebrew Aramaic, Greek
early expansion
within 12 years, entire Arabian
peninsula; within 100 years, Muslim world stretched from the Atlantic to China
little expansion; mostly confined
to Palestine
within 60 years, churches in major cities
in Palestine, Turkey, Greece and Rome (map); entire Roman Empire
by end of 4th cent.
major splits Shia/Sunni, c. 650
CE Reform/Orthodox,
1800s CE
Catholic/Orthodox, 1054 CE; Catholic/Protestant,
1500s CE
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Comparison of Religious Beliefs
Islam Judaism Christianity
type of theism strict monotheism strict monotheism Trinitarian monotheism
ultimate reality one God one God one God
names of God Allah (Arabic for God) Yahweh, Elohim Yahweh, the Holy Trinity
other spiritual beings angels, demons, jinn angels and demons angels and demons
revered humans prophets, imams
(especially in Shia) prophets saints, church fathers
identity of Jesus true prophet of God, whose
message has been corrupted
not prophet Son of God, God incarnate,
savior of the world
resurrection of Jesus Not part of beliefs Not part of beliefs affirmed
divine revelationthrough Muhammad, recorded in Qur'an
through Prophets, recorded in Bible
through Prophets and Jesus (as God Himself), recorded in
Bible
means of salvation correct belief, good deeds,
Five Pillars belief in God, good
deeds
correct belief, faith, good deeds, sacraments (some
Protestants emphasize faith alone)
good afterlife eternal paradise: heaven views vary: heaven eternal heaven
view of fellow Abrahamic religions
Jews and Christians are respected as "People of the Book," but they have wrong
beliefs and only partial revelation.
Islam and Christianity are false
interpretations and extensions of Judaism.
Judaism is a true religion, but with incomplete revelation.